U3 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】 U3核心语法解析 语法专版 【专题】关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 必修1Unit3核心语法解析 考频分析 译林版必修1-U3中，关系代词引导的限制性定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2题、书面表达（核心考察， 直接影响句子结构复杂度与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词的指代对象及从句成分分析 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系代词辨析：hat、which、who、whom、whos的指代对象与语法功能 ·先行词搭配：指人、指物及特殊先行词（如all、something等)对应的关系代词选择 。句法结构：关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语的判断及省略规则 知识点一：关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1.定义及作用（修饰先行词，限定范围不可省略） 。功能：修饰名词或代词（先行词），明确先行词的具体所指，从句与先行词联系紧密，去掉后影响 句子完整意义 。例句： 1.This is the book that I bought yesterday.(从句'that I bought yesterday'限定book”,说明是'昨天 买的那本书) 2.The girl who is standing there is my sister..(从句'who is standing there”限定，gir',明确是”站在 那里的那个女孩”) 2.常见关系代词及用法（根据先行词指代对象选择） 1.指人：who(作主语/宾语)、whom(作宾语)、hat(作主语/宾语) 例句： 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】 U3核心语法解析 1.The man who helped me is a teacher..(who指人，作主语) 2.She is the student whom we met yesterday.(whom指人，作宾语) 3.He is the boy that won the game.(that指人，作主语) 2.指物：which(作主语/宾语)、that(作主语/宾语) 例句： l.The pen which is on the desk is mine.(which指物，作主语) 2.This is the bag that I lost.(that指物，作宾语) 3.指人/物的所有格：whose(作定语，后接名词) 例句： 1.I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(whose指人，修饰'father'”,表示”女孩的父亲”) 2.This is the house whose windows are broken.(whose指物，修饰"windows”,表示'房子的窗户”) 3.关系代词的省略情况（作宾语时可省略） 。规则：当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词who/whom/which/hat 。例句： l.The book(hat/which)I read last week is very interesting.(that/which作read的宾语，可省略) 2.The person(whom/who/hat)you talked to is my uncle.(whom/who/that作to的宾语，可省略) 知识点二：关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1.关系代词的基本用法 1.指代人：who/hat(作主语或宾语)、whom(仅作宾语) 例句： 1.The girl who/that is singing on the stage is my sister.(who/that指代the girl,.作主语) 2.This is the boy whom/who/that we met yesterday..(whom/who/that指代the boy,作宾语，可省略) 2.指代物：which/that（作主语或宾语) 例句： 1.The book which/that lies on the desk is mine..(which/that指代the book,作主语) 2.I lost the pen which/.that my father bought for me.(which/that指代the pen,作宾语，可省略) 3.指代人或物的所有格：whose(作定语) 例句： l.This is the student whose English is the best in our class.(whose指代the student的，修饰English) 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】U3核心语法解析 2.The house whose windows are open is my uncle's.(whose指代the house的，修饰windows) 2.关系代词的选择规则 1.先行词指人时： ·作主语用who/hat(不可省略) 例句：The man who/that helped me is a doctor.. ●作宾语用whom/who/hat(可省略) 例句：The girl(whom/who/that)you saw just now is Tom's sister.. 2.先行词指物时： ●作主语用which/that(不可省略) 例句：The computer which/that was bought last week works well. 。作宾语用which/hat(可省略) 例句：The story(which/that)he told us is very interesting. 3.先行词指人或物的所有关系时，用whose(不可省略) I know the boy whose father is a teacher.This is the tree whose leaves turn red in autumn. 3.关系代词的省略情况 1.当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略 例句： l.The film(that/which)we watched last night was very exciting.(that/which作watched的宾语，可 省略) 2.The girl(whom/who/hat)he is talking to is my cousin.(whom/who/that作to的宾语，可省略) 2.当关系代词在从句中作主语时，不可省略 例句： l.The teacher who/that teaches us math is very strict.(who/that作主语，不可省略) 2.The building which/that stands near the park is a hospital.(which/that作主语，不可省略) 4.易混点辨析：that与which的区别 1.只能用that的情况： 。先行词是不定代词all,something,nothing,everything等 例句：Is there anything that I can do for you? ·先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 This is the first book that I bought in this store./He is the tallest student that I have ever seen. 3 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】 U3核心语法解析 。先行词既有人又有物 例句：We talked about the teachers and schools that we visited last week. 2.只能用which的情况： ·引导非限制性定语从句（注：本知识点为限制性定语从句，此点仅作对比） ·关系代词前有介词 例句：This is the house in which my grandparents lived.（介词in后不可用that) 知识点三：关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1.关系代词的基本用法及指代对象（中考必背） 1.who(指人，作主语/宾语) 例句：The girl who is singing is my sister.(作主语)/The man who you met yesterday is a doctor..(作 宾语) 2.whom(指人，作宾语，可省略) 例句：The boy whom we helped is from China..(作宾语) 3.which(指物，作主语/宾语) 例句：The book which lies on the desk is mine.(作主语)/The pen which I bought yesterday is red.(作 宾语) 4.that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，先行词为不定代词/序数词/最高级时只能用hat) 例句：le is the first student that arrived at school..(指人，先行词有序数词修饰)/This is the best movie that I have ever seen.(指物，先行词有最高级修饰) 5.wh0se（指人/物，作定语，表示”…的”) 例句：The girl whose hair is long is my classmate.(指人)/This is the house whose windows are broken. (指物) 2.关系代词在从句中作宾语时的省略规则（中考易错） 1.当关系代词who/whom/which/hat在定语从句中作动词宾语时，可省略 例句：The book(which/that)I read last week is very interesting. 2.当关系代词作介词宾语且介词位于句末时，可省略 例句：The person(whom/who/that)you talked to is my teacher. 3.当介词位于关系代词前时，只能用”介词+which/whom”,不可省略，且此时不能用that 例句：This is the city in which I was born.(不可说This is the city in that I was born..)/The girl with whom you went shopping is Mary.The girl with that you went shopping is Mary.) 3.限制性定语从句与先行词的紧密关系（中考核心） 4 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】 U3核心语法解析 1.限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，不可或缺，去掉后句子意思不完整 例句：I like the students who work hard..（去掉从句后'I like the students”意思不明确，需限定是”努 力学习的学生”) 2.先行词为指物的不定代词(something/nothing/everything等)时，只能用that引导 例句：There is something that I want to tell you. 3.先行词被the only/he very/the same等修饰时，只能用that引导 例句：He is the only person that can solve this problem. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词基本用法辨析 核心：根据先行词指代对象（人/物/所有格）及在从句中的语法成分（主语/宾语），选择正确的关 系代词 真题1（语法填空）： The girlis standing at the door is my best friend. 答案：who 解析：先行词the girl指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。 真题2（单项选择)： This is the dictionary-my mother bought for me yesterday. A who B which C whose Dwhat 答案：B 解析：先行词the dictionary指物，在从句中作bought的宾语，应用关系代词which(可省略)。who 用于指人，whose表所属关系，what不引导定语从句，故选B。 考法二：关系代词选择与翻译结合 核心：根据先行词类型、从句成分及翻译语境，选择正确关系代词并完成句子翻译 真题1（语法填空+翻译)： We talked about the teachers and schools一we had visited last year.(翻译句子) 答案：that 解析：先行词teachers and schools既指人又指物，只能用that:翻译：我们谈论了去年拜访过的老 师和学校。 真题2（完形填空+翻译)： This is the most interesting book一I have ever read.(翻译句子) A.which B.that C.who D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词book被最高级most interesting修饰，只能用hat:翻译：这是我读过的最有趣的书。 考法三：关系代词综合运用与翻译辨析 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】 U3核心语法解析 核心：结合先行词类型（人物/所有格)及从句成分（主语/宾语）选择正确关系代词，并能准确翻 译含定语从句的句子 真题1（单项选择)： The girl_brother is a doctor won the first prize in the competition A who B whom Cwhose 答案：C 解析：先行词the girl’与brother'”存在所有关系，需用whose作定语修饰brother'”,表示”女孩的 哥哥”。 真题2（语法填空)： This is the story-my mother told me last night.It's very interesting 答案：that/which 解析：先行词'the story”指物，从句中”told'后缺宾语，关系代词that/which可指代物并作宾语，且 可省略。 解题小妙招 关系代词妙招 指代人事物不同，主宾成分要辨清： 指人主用who,宾用whom或who: 指物主宾which/that,所有格用whose行； 人事物混that用，最高级后也跟that: whose转换of which,结构he名词+of which: 翻译结合上下文，成分清晰句意明。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The student_won the first prize in the competition is from our class. A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 2.This is the best film_I have ever seen in my life A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.We should do something to help the people_homes were destroyed in the flood. A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 4.The first thing-we need to do is to prepare for the exam carefully. A.which B.what C.that D.who 5.I still remember the daywe spent together in the countryside. A.when B.that C.where D.why 6 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】U3核心语法解析 6.This is the houseLu Xun once lived. A.which B.in which C.that D.who 7.He told me everything-he knew about the accident. A.which B.what C.that D.who 8.The girl_you met at the party yesterday is my cousin A.which B.whom C.whose D.what 9.We visited the museum and the park_are famous in the city. A.which B.who C.that D.whom 10.Such problems_you mentioned just now are common in daily life. A.as B.which C.that D.what 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The book(which/that/who)I borrowed from the library is very interesting 2.This is the girl(whose/who/which)mother is a famous writer. 3.The man_(whom/who/which)you talked to just now is our new teacher. 4.I have read all the books_(which/that/what)were recommended by my teacher. 5.This is the most delicious food(that/which/who)I have ever tasted. 6.The house_(whose/in which/that)windows face south belongs to Mr.Smith. 7.We should help those(who/whom/which)are in trouble. 8.The first lesson_(which/that/who)we learned this term is about grammar. 9.The pen_(which/whose/who)I lost yesterday was a birthday gift from my father. 10.He is the only student_(who/whom/which)can solve this problem. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Many people dream of visiting the Great Wall,-is one of the greatest wonders in the world.However,not everyone knows the stories behind it.The Great Wall_we see today was mainly built during the Ming Dynasty.It was built by millions of workers,many of_lost their lives during the construction. There is a legend about a woman_husband died while building the wall.She cried so hard that a part of the wall collapsed,revealing her husband's body.This story shows the hardship-the workers endured. Today,the Great Wall attracts visitors from all over the world.The tourists-come here are deeply impressed by its grandeur.They take photos of the sections_are well-preserved and listen to guides_ explain its history. 7 高中必修1译林版 【语法专版】 U3核心语法解析 If you ever visit the Great Wall,don't forget to touch the brickshave stood for centuries.They are silent witnesses to the past,telling us storieswill never be forgotten. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.B7.C8B9.C10.A 1.which/that 2.whose 3.whom/who/that 4.that 5.that 6.whose 7.who 8.that 9.which/that 10.who 演练三：1.which2.that/which3.whom4.whose5.that/which6.who/that7.that/which8.who/that 9.that/which 10.that/which P