主谓一致-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】主谓一致全解 语法专版 【专题】主谓一致 高中必修3核心语法 考频分析 必修3外研版中，主谓一致是重要语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题 型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，影 响信息提取准确性)。在语境分析类题目中，主语的单复数形式、特殊结构及意义一致原则往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 。语法规则应用：语法一致原则（主语为单数/复数时谓语动词的形式匹配）、意义一致原则（集合名 词作主语时的单复数判断)、就近一致原则(there be句型及or等连接词连接主语时的谓语形式) 。特殊主语搭配：不定代词(each,evey,none等)、名词性从句、非谓语动词作主语时的谓语单复数 。语境与句式：倒装句、强调句、定语从句中关系代词作主语时的主谓匹配，以及时态中的主谓一致 (如一般现在时第三人称单数) 知识点一：主谓一致的核心原则及应用 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） 1.规则：单数主语(he/she/it/单数名词等)搭配单数谓语(is/does/动词-s形式)：复数主语(they复数 名词等)搭配复数谓语(are/do/动词原形) 2.例句： ·The girl plays the piano every day.(单数主语+plays) ·These books belong to the library.(复数主语+belong) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） 1.集合名词：强调整体时谓语用单数，强调个体时用复数 2.例句： 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】主谓一致全解 ·The team wins the game..(整体) 。The team are discussing their plans.(个体成员) 3.单复数同形名词：根据语境意义判断 4.例句： 。The fish swims in the river.(一条鱼，单数) ·The fish are swimming in groups.(多条鱼，复数) 3.就近一致原则（谓语形式随最近主语变化） 1.常见结构：either..or./neither.nor.not only..but also./here be句型 2.例句： 。Either you or he is responsible for this..(最近主语he为单数，用is) ●There are two books and a pen on the desk.(最近主语two books为复数，用are) 4.特殊主语的主谓一致 1.不定代词：everyone/ever ything/someone等作主语时谓语用单数；both/few/many等用复数 2.例句： 。Everyone has a dream.(单数) ·Many students like sports.(复数) 3.时间/距离/金钱等复数形式作主语表整体概念时用单数 4.例句：Three years is a long time for me.(主语表整体时间段，用is) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则及特殊情况 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） 1.单数主语（第三人称单数/不可数名词/单数代词） 。结构：谓语动词用第三人称单数形式（加-s-s) ·例句： l.The girl studies hard every day.(girl为单数，study变studies) 2.Water boils at 100C.(water不可数，boil变boils) 2.复数主语（名词复数/复数代词/并列名词复数） ·结构：谓语动词用原形（非三单形式） 2 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】主谓一致全解 。例句： 1.These books belong to me.(books为复数，belong用原形) 2.They often play football after school.(they为复数，play用原形) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语） 1.集合名词表整体（视为单数） ·结构：谓语动词用三单形式 。例句： 1.The team is playing well this season..(team表整体，be动词用is) 2.The family has a big house..(family表整体，have变has) 2.集合名词表成员（视为复数） ·结构：谓语动词用原形 ·例句： 1.The team are having a meeting now.(team表成员，be动词用are) 2.The family were watching TV together.(family表成员，be动词用were) 3.单复数同形名词（根据语境判断） ·常见词：sheep(羊)、deer(鹿)、fish(鱼，单指种类时复数加-es) 。例句： 1.A sheep is eating grass.(一只羊，用is) 2.Five sheep are running on the hill.(五只羊，用are) 3.就近一致原则（谓语与靠近的主语保持一致） 1.there be句型 ·结构：be动词与最近的名词单复数一致 ·例句： l.There is a book and two pens on the desk.(最近主语book为单数，用is) 2.There are two pens and a book on the desk.(最近主语pens为复数，用are) 2.并列连词or/either..or.neither...nor.not only.but also.. ·结构：谓语与靠近的主语单复数一致 ·例句： 1.Either you or he is right..(靠近主语he为三单，用is) 2.Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film.(靠近主语teacher为三单，用likes) 3 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】主谓一致全解 4.特殊主语的一致规则 l.不定代词作主语(each/every/mooe/someone/everything等) 。结构：视为单数，谓语用三单形式 ·例句： 1.Everyone in the class likes English.(everyone为单数，like变likes) 2.Nothing is impossible.(nothing为单数，be动词用is) 2.复数形式单数意义名词(physics/maths/mews/the United States等) 。结构：视为单数，谓语用三单形式 ●例句： 1.Physics is my favorite subject.(physics表学科，用is) 2.The news was very exciting.(hews为不可数名词，用was) 3.分数/百分数+o+名词（根据名词单复数判断) ·结构：名词为单数/不可数时谓语用三单，名词为复数时谓语用原形 ·例句： l.Two thirds of the work has been done.(work不可数，用has) 2.Half of the students are from China.(students为复数，用are) 5.主谓一致常见错误类型及纠正 1.误：The number of students are50.(the number of表“..的数量”，视为单数) 正：The number of students is50. 2.误：A pair of shoes are under the bed..(a pair of表“一双”，视为单数) 正：A pair of shoes is under the bed. 3.误：Neither you nor I is wrong..(neither..nor.就近一致，靠近主语I,用am) 正：Neither you nor I am wrong. 知识点三：主谓一致的特殊情况 1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.基础用法拓展（必修3必背）： ●表整体时，谓语用单数→例句：The class is listening to the teacher carefully. ·表成员时，谓语用复数→例句：The class are having a heated discussion. 。family表家庭整体时→例句：My family is a big one with six people, 4 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】 主谓一致全解 ·family表家庭成员时→例句：My family like different kinds of sports. ●team表团队整体时→例句：Our team wins the match again. 。team表队员时→例句：Our team are celebrating their victory now. 2.不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 1.核心规则（必修3常考）： 。复合不定代词(someone,everyone等)作主语→例句：Everyone in our class likes music. 。each,either,,neither作主语一→例句：Each of the students has a dictionary. ·both,few,many作主语→例句：Many of the apples are red and sweet. ●some,all,most指代可数名词时→例句：Some boys are playing football on the playground. ●some,all,most指代不可数名词时→例句：Most of the water is clean and clear.. 3.特殊句式中的主谓一致 1.难点突破（必修3易错)： 。there be句型就近原则→例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk ·倒装句中主语在谓语后→例句：On the wall hang two beautiful paintings.. 。分数/百分数+of+名词作主语→例句：Three fifths of the work is finished. 。主语后接with,together with等→例句：The teacher with her students is visiting the museum. 。”the+形容词”表一类人时→例句：The old are taken good care of in our community 考法精析 考法一：主谓一致的基本原则应用 核心：根据主语的单复数形式、意义或就近原则，确定谓语动词的正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： Either you or your brother_(be)responsible for the mistake. 答案：is 解析：根据就近一致原则，离谓语最近的主语“your brother”为单数，因此谓语用is。 真题2（单项选择)： Three years_a long time to wait for the result. A.are B.is C.was D.were 答案：B 解析：时间复数形式“Three years”表整体概念，视为单数，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】 主谓一致全解 1s。 考法二：非谓语动词与主谓一致的综合应用 核心：结合非谓语动词作定语/状语时的逻辑主语判断，以及主句或从句的主谓一致规则，综合确 定动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： The girl(stand)under the tree with her classmates_(be)my best friend. 答案：standing is 解析：第一空”stand'与逻辑主语'the girl”为主动关系，用现在分词standing作定语：第二空主句 主语为'the girl'”（单数)，with短语为插入语不影响主谓一致，谓语用is。 真题2（单项选择）： Not only the teacher but also the students_(encourage)to take part in the activity_(organize)by the school. A.was encouraged;organizing B.were encouraged;organized C.was encouraged;organized D.were encouraged;organizing 答案：B 解析：第一空根据”not only..but also.”就近原则，主语”students”为复数，且”被鼓励”用被动语态， 故用were encouraged:第二空”organize'”与”activity”为被动关系，用过去分词organized作定语。 考法三：综合主谓一致原则与特殊句式的应用 核心：结合语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则，处理定语从句、插入语及特殊主语结构中的主谓 一致问题 真题1（单项选择)： Neither the teacher nor the students-late for class yesterday. A is B are C was D were 答案：D 解析：neither..nor.遵循就近一致原则，最近主语“students”为复数，且时间标志词“yesterday” 提示用一般过去时，故谓语用were。 真题2（语法填空)： The team,together with their coach,(win)the game last week 答案：won 解析：插入语“together with their coach”不影响主语单复数，主句主语“the team”此处表整体概念 (赢得比赛是团队整体行为)，视为单数：由“last week”可知用一般过去时，win的过去式为won 6 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】主谓一致全解 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 主谓一致看主语，单复形式先分明： 就近原则记心间，eitheror和not onlybut also: 整体概念作单数，时间距离和金额： 插入语后找真主，withtogether with不管它： 动名词短语作主语，视为单数莫忘记： each of加名词复数，谓语单数紧随其后： 非谓作定不影响，找准主句主语是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The team_discussing their new project in the meeting room now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 2.Neither my parents nor my brother_to the concert tomorrow. A.go B.goes C.will go D.are going 3.Three kilometers-not a long distance for a professional runner. A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.She is the only one of the students who_won the national competition. A.have B.has C.is D.are 5.Herethe bus and all of us_ready to get on. A.come;are B.comes;is C.comes;are D.come;is 6.to nature regularly is good for mental health,and many people-this habit. A.Expose;keep B.Exposing;keep C.Exposed;keeps D.To expose;keeps 7.The book-by Professor Li last year-popular among teenagers. A.writing;is B.written;is C.writing;are D.written;are 8.Not only the employees but also the manager_about the new policy. A.know B.knows C.have known D.are knowing 9.Each of the studentsrequired to finish the task,and most of them_already completed it. A.is;have B.are;has C.is;has D.are;have 10.the difficult problem,the team_for three hours without rest. A.Solving;has worked B.To solve;have worked C.Solved;has worked D.Solve;have worked 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 7 高中必修3外研版 【语法专项】 主谓一致全解 1.The girl with her friends(play)basketball on the playground every afternoon. 2.Either you or I(be)responsible for cleaning the classroom today. 3.Ten thousand dollars_(be)a large amount for the poor family. 4.The only one of the books that(interest)me is this novel. 5.Never_(have)I seen such a brave person before. 6.-(learn)a second language helps improve cognitive abilities. 7.The students_(invite)to the party are from Grade 10. 8.He as well as his classmates-(like)playing football after school. 9.So fast(run)the boy that no one could catch up with him 10.Two thirds of the land in this area_(cover)with forests. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) The Benefits of Reading Reading books is one of the most effective ways to expand knowledge.-(read)regularly not only improves vocabulary but also enhances critical thinking skills.A recent study shows that people who read for at least 30 minutes daily_(have)better memory retention than those who don't. Many classic novels,such as *Pride and Prejudice*,-(write)by Jane Austen,are still popular today. These books_(offer)insights into human nature that remain relevant across time.For students,-(read) literary works is often required in school curricula,and each of them-(be)expected to analyze themes and characters. However,with the rise of digital media,some people argue that traditional reading-(lose)its importance. But experts believe that printed books,along with e-books,-(continue)to play a vital role in education. A library with thousands of books_(provide)endless opportunities for learning In conclusion,whether_(choose)fiction or non-fiction,reading-(be)a lifelong journey that enriches the mind. 参考答案 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.B5.C6B7.B8B9.A10B 演练二：1.plays2.am3.is4.interests5.have6.Learning7.invited8..likes9.ranl0.is covered 1.Reading 2.have 3.written 4.offer 5.reading 6.is 7.is losing 8.will continue 9.provides 10.choos- ing;is P