限定性和非限定性定语从句比较-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】限定性和非限定性定语从句比较 语法专项突破 考频分析 必修3外研版中，限定性和非限定性定语从句比较是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右， 贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（长难 句分析关键)。在语境理解类题目中，关系词的选择及从句与先行词的逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·功能与结构差异：限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，不可或缺（无逗号隔开）：非限定性 定语从句仅补充说明，可省略（有逗号隔开） 。引导词使用规则：限定性定语从句用hat/which/who/whom/whose等，非限定性定语从句不用that, 指物常用which 。语境应用辨析：根据句意判断是否需要限定（如特指Vs补充信息），以及引导词（如指代整句话用 which) 知识点一：限定性和非限定性定语从句比较 1.限定性定语从句（修饰先行词，不可省略） ·语法特征：无逗号隔开，关系代词做宾语时可省略 ·例句： 1.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(who不可省略，限定”穿红裙子的女孩') 2.This is the book(hat)I bought yesterday.(that指代book作宾语，可省略) 2.非限定性定语从句（补充说明先行词，可省略） 。语法特征：有逗号隔开，关系代词不可省略，不可用hat引导 。例句： l.My brother,who is a doctor,works in Beijing.(逗号隔开，补充说明哥哥职业，who不可省略) 2.She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy..(which指代整个主句内容，不可用 that) 1 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点二：限定性和非限定性定语从句比较 1.本质区别（功能与作用） 1.限定性定语从句：必须存在，用于缩小先行词范围，明确所指对象，去掉后主句意思不完整或改变 核心含义。 ·例句： 1.I like the book that you lent me yesterday.(限定”你昨天借的那本书'，去掉后”我喜欢书” 范围模糊) 2.The students who wear red uniforms are from Class3.(限定”穿红色校服的学生”，去掉后无 法明确是哪个班的学生) 2.非限定性定语从句：可选存在，用于补充说明先行词的额外信息，去掉后主句意思仍完整。通常用 逗号与主句隔开。 。例句： 1.My brother,who is a doctor,lives in Beijing..(补充说明哥哥的职业，去掉后”我哥哥住在北 京”意思完整) 2.We visited the Great Wall,.which is one of the world's wonders.(补充长城的属性，去掉后'我 们参观了长城”不影响基本句意) 2.引导词使用差异 1.限定性定语从句：可使用关系代词that/which/who/whom/whose,关系副词where/when/why:hat可 替代指物的which。 。例句： 1.This is the house that/which he bought last year.(that替代which,指物) 2.The girl who/that spoke first won the prize.(that替代who,指人) 2.非限定性定语从句：不可用hat,指物用which,指人用who/whom:关系副词用法同限定性，但需 加逗号。 。例句： l.She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy.(指物用which,不可用that) 2.Mr.Li,whom we met yesterday,.will teach us math.(指人用whom,不可用that) 3.先行词范围差异 1.限定性定语从句：先行词多为特定名词/代词，从句强调”哪一个”。 。例句：I need the pen that has a blue cap.（先行词'the pen'”是特定物品，从句限定”带蓝帽的那 支”) 2 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.非限定性定语从句：先行词可为单个名词/代词，或整个主句内容，从句补充说明性质/结果。 ·例句： l.He missed the bus,which caused him to be late.（先行词是'missed the bus'”整个主句，说明 结果) 2.His new car,which cost200,000yuan,was stolen last night..(先行词his new car''是单个名词， 补充价格信息) 4.翻译方式差异 1.限定性定语从句：通常翻译为前置定语(”…的”)，紧跟先行词。 。例句：The man who is standing there is my teacher.→站在那儿的那个男人是我的老师。（前置 定语”站在那儿的”) 2.非限定性定语从句：通常翻译为独立短句(”…，它/他/她”)，用逗号隔开。 ·例句：She has a son,who is studying abroad.一她有一个儿子，他正在国外读书。（独立短句' 他正在国外读书”) 知识点三：限定性和非限定性定语从句比较 1.语法功能与结构特征 1.限定性定语从句： ·作用：修饰先行词，限定其范围，不可或缺，去掉后主句意义不完整 ·连接词：常用that(指人/物)、which(指物)、who/whom(指人)、whose(表所属)，不可省略 。例句： 1.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. 2.This is the book that I bought yesterday. 2.非限定性定语从句： ·作用：补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意义仍完整，通常用逗号与主句隔开 ●连接词：不可用hat,指人用who/whom,指物用which,whose(表所属)，不可省略 ·例句： 1.My brother,who is a doctor,lives in Beijing. 2.The city,which is in the south of China,is very beautiful. 2.核心区别（易错点对比) 1.逗号使用差异：限定性从句无逗号，非限定性从句有逗号 3 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 ·限定性：I like the teacher who is strict with us. 。非限定性：My English teacher,who is strict with us,is very kind, 2.that使用差异：限定性从句可用hat,非限定性从句不可用hat 。错误：She has a cat,that likes playing with balls. ·正确：She has a cat,.which likes playing with balls.. 3.先行词范围差异：限定性从句特指某类事物中的一部分，非限定性从句泛指先行词整体 。限定性：Students who work hard will pass the exam.(特指部分学生) ●非限定性：Students,who work hard,will pass the exam.(泛指所有学生) 3.高频连接词应用（必背） 1.限定性从句常用连接词： ·who(指人，作主语)→The boy who is running is my friend. ·whom（指人，作宾语)一The girl whom you met yesterday is Lucy.. ●which(指物，作主语/宾语)→This is the pen which I lost last week 。that(指人/物，作主语/宾语)→He told me a story that made me laugh. 。whose(表所属)→This is the girl whose father is a teacher. 2.非限定性从句常用连接词： 。which(指物/整个主句内容)→He passed the exam,which made his parents happy. 。who(指人)→M.Li,who teaches us math,is very humorous. ●whose(表所属)→The house,whose windows are red,is mine. 考法精析 考法一：限定性与非限定性定语从句辨析 核心：根据从句与先行词的逻辑关系（限定修饰/补充说明）及语法特征（逗号、关系词使用），区 分两种定语从句并选择正确关系词 真题1（语法填空）： The book_cover is green is mine. 答案：whose 解析：先行词为book,关系词在从句中作定语修饰cover,应用whose,本句为限定性定语从句（无 逗号，不可省略) 真题2（完形填空）： My sister_is a teacher works in Beijing. A.who B.whom C.which D./ 4 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 答案：A 解析：先行词为sister(指人)，从句缺少主语，且无逗号隔开为限定性定语从句，关系代词用who 不可省略；whom作宾语，which指物，均不符合。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语与定语从句转换 核心：辨别现在分词过去分词作定语与定语从句的转换关系，判断主动/被动及动作状态 真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(read)a book in the library is my classmate. 答案：reading 解析：此处需用非谓语动词作定语，girl与read是主动关系且动作正在进行，故用现在分词reading, 相当于定语从句who is reading. 真题2（单项选择)： This is the report-by our team leader yesterday. A writing B written C to write D writes 答案：B 解析：report与write是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词written作定语，相当于定语从句which was written. 考法三：限定性与非限定性定语从句的综合辨析及关系词选择 核心：结合从句功能（限定/补充说明）、引导词使用规则(tht的禁用情况、指代对象)及翻译逻 辑，判断定语从句类型并选择正确关系词 真题1（单项选择）： My brother lives in Beijing is a doctor.He often helps others. A.who B.whom C.which D./ 答案：A 解析：从句'lives in Beijing”修饰先行词'my brother',无逗号隔开，为限定性定语从句（去掉后”我 哥哥是医生”无法明确所指)：先行词指人且从句中作主语，需用关系代词wh0,不可省略。 真题2（语法填空)： We visited the Great Wallis one of the world's wonders.Many tourists go there every year 答案：which/that 解析：从句'is one of the world's wonders'”修饰先行词the Great Wall',无逗号隔开，为限定性定语 从句（限定”我们参观的长城？）；先行词指物且从句中作主语，限定性定语从句可用which或that 引导。 解题小妙招 5 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 定语从句妙招 限定非限定辨逗号，限定无逗不可少： 先行指人用who/whom,主语who来宾语whom: 指物which或hat,限定that更常见： whose定语句中藏，人事物都能当： 地点where时间when,关系副词作状语。 非谓作定妙招 现在分词表主动，动作进行正发生： 过去分词表被动，完成状态已达成： 不定式作定表将来，常放名词后等待： 主动被动看关系，动作状态辨分明： 转换从句并不难，关系代词+be动词。 综合运用妙招 主从复合看结构，先找主句主谓宾： 非谓作定先判断，主动被动与时态： 定从关系看先行，人事物地要分清： 关系代词作成分，关系副词表状位： 固定搭配要牢记，to do doing莫混淆； 非限定从逗号隔，that不用who/which。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.This is the village_I was born and grew up. A.where B.which C.that D.when 2.My brother,is a doctor,will come to visit me next week. A.whom B.who C.which D./ 3.The book_cover is broken belongs to Mary. A.which B.that C.whose D.who 4.Do you remember the day_we first met at the school gate? A.which B.when C.where D.why 5.The girl_in the classroom is my best friend. A.reading B.read C.to read D.reads 6.I enjoy-music in my free time. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 6 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 7.The problem_at the meeting yesterday is very important. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 8.He is the only studenthas won the prize three times. A.whom B.which C.who D./ 9.She has two sons,both of are teachers. A.whom B.who C.which D.that 10.English well,we need to practice every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man_is talking to my father is our new neighbor. 2.I bought a new bike,-cost me 800 yuan 3.This is the reason_he was late for school. 4.The girl_(wear)a blue dress is my sister. 5.He wants_(buy)a new computer next month. 6.The book(write)by Lu Xun is very popular 7.I still remember the day-I joined the club. 8.(swim)is good exercise for our health 9.The students_are from Class 3 will have a picnic tomorrow. 10.She has a friend_father is a famous scientist. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last summer,I visited Beijing,-is the capital of China.I stayed in a hotel-(locate)in the city center.On the first day,I went to the Great Wall,is one of the greatest wonders in the world.Many tourists(visit) it every year.I met a girl-name was Lucy.She told me she came from America-(learn)Chinese.We walked along the wall and-(take)many photos.In the evening,we had dinner in a restaurant-serves traditional Chinese food.The food_(cook)by the chef was delicious.I hope-(visit)Beijing again next year. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.C4.B5.A6.B7B8.C9.A10.C 演练二：1.who/that2.which3.why4.wearing5.to buy6.written7.when8.Swimming9.who/that 10.whose 1.which 2.located 3.which 4.visit 5.whose 6.to learn 7.took 8.which/that 9.cooked 10.to visit