6种进阶时态及被动语态-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 语法专版 【专题】6种进阶时态及被动语态 高中英语必修3核心语法 考频分析 必修3外研版中，6种进阶时态及被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子时态准确性与语态合理性。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间标志词识别、语态的动作承 受关系判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·进阶时态：过去完成时(had+过去分词)、过去进行时(was/were+doing)、现在进行时(am/is/are +doing)、将来进行时(will be+doing)、将来完成时(will have+过去分词)、现在完成进行时 (have/has been+doing)的构成规则与时间状语匹配 。被动语态：各时态被动结构的转换（如一般现在时am/is/ame+done、一般过去时was/were+done、 现在完成时have/has been+don等)及语境中主动与被动的意义辨析 知识点一：6种进阶时态及被动语态 1.现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） 。构成：have/has+过去分词 。例句： 1.Ihave lived here for 10 years..(持续到现在的状态) 2.She has finished her homework.(过去动作对现在的影响) 2.过去完成时（表过去某一时间前已完成的动作） 。构成：had+过去分词 ·例句： l.When I arrived,the party had already started.(过去动作之前完成) 2.She said she had seen the movie before.(间接引语中过去完成时) 1 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 3.将来完成时（表将来某一时间前将完成的动作） ·构成：will have+过去分词 。例句： l.By next month,I will have finished this project.(将来某时前完成) 2.They will have lived here for20 years by then..(持续到将来某时) 4.现在完成进行时（表从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） ●构成：have/has been+现在分词 。例句： l.I have been studying English for2 hours.(持续进行中) 2.She has been waiting for you since morning.(动作仍在持续) 5.过去完成进行时（表过去某时前持续进行的动作） 。构成：had been+现在分词 ·例句： l.He was tired because he had been working all day.(过去持续动作) 2.They had been talking for an hour before I came.(过去某时前持续) 6.将来进行时（表将来某一时间正在进行的动作） ·构成：will be+现在分词 。例句： 1.I will be watching TV at8p.m.tomorrow.(将来某时正在进行) 2.They will be traveling to Paris this time next week.(将来进行的动作) 7.被动语态（强调动作承受者，动作执行者用by引出） ·构成：be+过去分词(be随时态变化) ·例句： 1.The book was written by Lu Xun..(一般过去时被动) 2.The project will be finished next month.(将来时被动) 3.This house has been built for5 years.(现在完成时被动) 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在） ·时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、 since+时间点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 2 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 。主动语态结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 。例句： l.I have finished my homework already.(第一人称，用have+finished) 2.He has lived here for5 years..(三单主语，用has+lived) ·被动语态结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 ·例句： l.My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been+-finished) 2.This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+-lived) 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，”过去的过去”） ·时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by2019、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+一般过去时句子（如When I arrived) ·主动语态结构：主语+had+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 2.They had left before I arrived.(had+left) ·被动语态结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词 ·例句： 1.His work had been finished by him by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had been+finished) 2.The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been+cleaned) 3.过去进行时（过去某个时刻/时间段正在发生的动作) ·时间标志词：at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last weel(上周这个时候)、when+ 一般过去时句子（如When he came in) ·主动语态结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing) 。例句： 1.She was watching TV at8pm.yesterday.(三单主语，用was+watching) 2.He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang.(三单主语，用was+reading) 。被动语态结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 ·例句： l.TV was being watched by her at8p.m.yesterday..(主语单数，用was being+watched) 2.A newspaper was being read by him when the phone rang.(主语单数，用was being+read) 4.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作） ·时间标志词：now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提示) 。主动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing) 。例句： 3 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 1.I am reading a book now.(第一人称，用am+reading) 2.He is playing the guitar at the moment.(三单主语，用is+playing) ·被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词 ·例句： 1.A book is being read by me now.(主语单数，用is being+read) 2.The guitar is being played by him at the moment..(主语单数，用is being+played) 5.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划） 。时间标志词：tomorrow(明天)、next week/month/year(下周/月/年)、in the future（在未来) soon(很快)、in three days(三天后) ●主动语态结构：(1)主语+will+动词原形(2)主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 ·例句： 1.We will hold a party next Friday.(will+hold) 2.She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow.(主语三单，用is going to+原形buy) ·被动语态结构：(I)主语+will be+动词过去分词(2)主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 ·例句： 1.A party will be held by us next Friday.(will betheld) 2.A new dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow.(is going to be+bought) 6.一般过去时（过去某个时间发生的动作/状态，已结束） ●时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last week/nonth/year(上周/月/年)、just now(刚才)、in2020 (在2020年)、three days ago(三天前) 。主动语态结构：主语+动词过去式 。例句： I.He watched a movie yesterday evening.(watch的过去式为watched) 2.They visited the Great Wall last summer.(visit的过去式为visited) ·被动语态结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 ·例句： l.A movie was watched by him yesterday evening.(主语单数，用was;watch的过去分词为 watched) 2.The Great Wall was visited by them last summer.(主语单数，用was:visit的过去分词为visited) 7.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理） ·时间标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周/ 月)、on Sundays(在周日)、客观真理（无具体时间词，如”地球绕太阳转”） 。主动语态结构：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单)/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单） ●例句： 4 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 1.They play basketball every afternoon.(非三单主语，动词用原形play) 2.She teaches English in a middle school.(三单主语，动词用teaches) ·被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 ·例句： I.Basketball is played by them every afternoon.(主语单数，用is;play的过去分词为played) 2.English is taught by her in a middle school..(主语不可数，用is;teach的过去分词为taught) 知识点三：被动语态 1.一般现在时被动语态 。基本结构：am/is/are+过去分词 。例句： 1.Our classroom is cleaned every day. 2.English is spoken by many people around the world. 3.The flowers are watered by my mother every morning. 4.This book is written by a famous writer. 5.Vegetables are grown in this garden. 2.一般过去时被动语态 ·基本结构：was/were+过去分词 。例句： 1.The letter was sent yesterday. 2.These photos were taken last summer. 3.The bridge was built in 2010. 4.My bike was stolen last night. 5.They were invited to the party last week. 3.一般将来时被动语态 ·基本结构：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 ·例句： 1.A new hospital will be built next year. 2.The problem is going to be solved soon. 3.The meeting will be held in the hall. 4.More trees are going to be planted in the park. 5.This song will be sung at the concert. 4.情态动词的被动语态 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 。基本结构：情态动词(can/may/must//should等)+be+过去分词 。例句： 1.This work must be finished today 2.The room should be kept clean. 3.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow 4.The book may be borrowed from the library. 5.Children should be protected well. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态转换 核心：根据主动语态句子，结合时态和动作执行者，转换为正确的被动语态形式 真题1（语法填空)： The workers_(build)the bridge for three years.Now it_(complete)next month 答案：have been building:will be completed 解析：第一空由'for three years'”和Now”可知动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在完成进 行时，填have been building;第二空由”next month”可知为将来时被动，填will be completed。 真题2（单项选择)： A new libraryin our school last year. A builds B built C was built D will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'last year”可知为一般过去时，主语'library”是动作承受者，用被动语态"was+ 过去分词built”,选C。 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 核心：根据时间标志词及动作主被动关系，判断并使用正确的时态被动结构 真题1（语法填空）： The old building(destroy)by the storm last night. 答案：was destroyed 解析：由时间标志词'last night''可知用一般过去时，主语”The old building”是动作承受者，被动语 态结构为"was+过去分词”，destroy的过去分词为destroyed。 真题2（单项选择)： A new bridgeover the river by the end of next year. A will build B will be built C will have built D will have been built 6 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 答案：D 解析：由时间标志词by the end of next year'”可知用将来完成时，主语'A new bridge'”是动作承受者， 被动语态结构为"will have been+过去分词'，build的过去分词为built。 考法三：时态、被动语态与虚拟语气的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断动作发生的时间及主被动关系，区分真实时态与虚拟语气的结构差异 真题1（单项选择）： If the project by the end of last month,we would have had a party.But now it_still A.was finished,is;being built B.had been finished;is,being built C.had finished;was;built D.finished;was,being built 答案：B 解析：第一空考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用had+过去分词”，project与finish为被动关 系，故用had been finished:第二空根据"now”可知为现在进行时，it指代project与build为被动关 系，现在进行时被动语态结构为'is being+过去分词”，故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： The teacher suggested that we_(not play)computer games if we_(not finish)our homework yesterday. Actually,most games_(design)for entertainment. 答案：should not play,had not finished,are designed 解析：第一空考查虚拟语气，suggest表”建议”时，宾语从句用(should)+动词原形”，否定形式为 should not play:第二空根据'yesterday”及语境，此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用had+ 过去分词”，finish的否定式为had not finished;第三空表客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态，主语 games为复数，be动词用are,design的过去分词为designed。. 解题小妙招 虚拟语气妙招 虚拟语气看语境，假设事实要分清： 与现相反主would,.与过相反主would have: 将来相反用'should/were to'”,时态退后一步行： 情态动词被动跟，could/might加be done; suggest/order后的that,should+原形记心上； 真实时态按规则，虚拟时态各不同。 7 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.By the time you arrive in London,wein Europe for two weeks A will stay B will have stayed C have stayed D have been staying 2.The old temple_by workers now so it can't be visited A is restoring B is being restored Chas restored D was restored 3.If I more careful,I wouldn't have made such a mistake A was B were C had been Dhave been 4.A new bridge_over the river by the end of next year A will build B will be built C will have built D will have been built 5.Hein the factory for five years when the fire broke out A had been working B has been working C was working D worked 6.The teacher suggested that wemore attention to grammar A pay B paid C should pay D would pay 7.This time tomorrow,they_to New York A will fly B will be flying Chave flown D are flying 8 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 8.The bookby many people since it was published last month A is read B wasread Chas been read Dwill be read 9.Without your help,I_the exam last week A wouldn't pass B wouldn't have passed C didn't pass D haven't passed 10.When I got to the station,the trainalready Aleft B has left Chad left D was leaving 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The project(complete)by the end of this year if everything goes well 2.She told me that she(visit)Paris twice before she came to London 3.IfI(be)you,I would take this opportunity to study abroad 4.The meeting-(hold)in the conference room at 3 o'clock this afternoon 5.They_(work)on this project for three years by the end of next month 6.This novel_(translate)into ten languages since it was published in 2010 7.The teacher insisted that all homework_(hand)in before class 8.By the time we arrived,the party(begin)already 9.If it(rain)tomorrow,we would have to cancel the picnic 10.The machine(repair)by the workers when I passed the workshop yesterday 演练三：语法填空试题 When I first met Mary,she told me she_(live)in this city for five years.She said she_(work)as a teacher in a middle school and loved her job very much.I asked her if she(consider)changing her job,but she said she_(be)satisfied with her current position. Last week,I heard that Mary(promote)to head teacher.I was really happy for her.If I(know)this earlier,I(congratulate)her in person.When I called her to express my congratulations,she told me that the school-(organize)a celebration partynext Friday.She invitedme(attend)it,andI promisedI(be) there on time. 9 高中必修3外研版 【语法专版】 进阶时态与被动语态 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4D5.A6.C7B8.C9.B10.C 1.will have been completed 2.had visited 3.were 4.will be held 5.will have been working 6.has been translated 7.should be handed 8.had begun 9.should rain/were to rain/rained 10.was being repaired 演练三：1.had lived2.worked3.had considered4.was5.had been promoted6.had known7.would have congratulated 8.would organize 9.to attend 10.would be 10