基础时态：一现现进和现完-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】基础时态：一现、现进和现完 语法专项突破 考频分析 高一外研版必修1中，基础时态一现、现进和现完是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右， 贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察， 直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，一现、现进和现完的时态辨析及时间状语匹 配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与构成：一般现在时（主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式）、现在进行时（主语+am/is/are+ 现在分词)、现在完成时（主语+have/has+过去分词）的规则变化与特殊变形 。时间标志词辨析：一般现在时(often,usually,every day等)、现在进行时(now,at present,look!等)入 现在完成时(already,.yet,since,.for等)的精准匹配 ·语境应用与区别：一般现在时表经常性习惯性动作或客观真理、现在进行时表此刻正在进行的动作、 现在完成时表过去发生并持续到现在或对现在造成影响的动作的语境判断与选择 知识点一：基础时态：一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实) 1.结构：主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） 2.标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,.every day/week等 3.例句： ·I get up at6:00 every morning.(经常性动作) ·She likes playing basketball.(第三人称单数) ·The earth goes around the sun.(客观事实) 2.现在进行时（表示正在进行的动作或现阶段正在发生的动作） 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.结构：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式 2.标志词：now,at the moment,.look,listen等 3.例句： ·They are playing football on the playground now.(正在进行的动作) 。Look!The bird is singing in the tree.(提示正在进行) ●I am reading a novel these days.(现阶段正在发生) 3.现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过 去持续到现在) 1.结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数时用has) 2.标志词：already,.yet,just,ever,never,since,for,so far等 3.例句： ·I have finished my homework.Now I can watch TV.(过去动作对现在的影响) ·She has lived in Beijing for five years.(动作从过去持续到现在) ·Have you ever been to Shanghai?(询问经历) 知识点二：基础时态主动与被动结构对比 1.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理） 1.时间标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周/月)、 on Sundays(在周日)、客观真理 2.主动语态： 。结构：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单）/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单) 。例句： l.They play basketball every afternoon..(非三单主语，动词用原形play) 2.She teaches English in a middle school.(三单主语，动词用teaches) 3.被动语态： ●结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词（主语单复数决定am/is/are的选择） 。例句： l.Basketball is played by them every afternoon.(主语单数，用is;play的过去分词为played) 2.English is taught by her in a middle school.(主语不可数，用is:teach的过去分词为taught) 2.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作） 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.时间标志词：now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提示) 2.主动语态： ●结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用is,第一人称用am,复数用 are) ·例句： 1.I am reading a book now.（第一人称，用am+reading) 2.He is playing the guitar at the moment..(三单主语，用is+playing) 3.被动语态： ●结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词(being体现“正在进行”，过去分词体现“被动”) ·例句： l.A book is being read by me now.(主语单数，用is being+read的过去分词read) 2.The guitar is being played by him at the moment..(主语单数，用isbeing+play的过去分词played) 3.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、 since+时间点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 2.主动语态： 。结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) ·例句： 1.I have finished my homework already.(第一人称，用have+finished) 2.He has lived here for5 years..(三单主语，用has+lived) 3.被动语态： 。结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) 。例句： 1.My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been-+finished的过去分 词finished) 2.This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+lived的过去分词lived; live是不及物动词，需加in) 知识点三：现在完成时 1.基本结构 3 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 4.例句： 。I have finished my homework.(肯定句) ·She hasn't visited Beijing yet..(否定句) ·Have they lived here for5 years??(一般疑间句) 2.时间标志词（中考必背) l.already(已经，用于肯定句)→例句：We have already eaten dinner. 2.yet(还，用于否定句/疑问句)→例句：Have you read the book yet? 3.ever(曾经)→例句：Has she ever been to London? 4.never(从未)→例句：I have never seen such a big elephant 5.for+时间段（持续…时间）→例句：He has studied English for3 years 6.since+过去时间点（自从…以来）→例句：We have lived here since20l0. 7.just(刚刚)→例句：They have just left the park. 3.核心用法（中考核心) 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果→例句：I have lost my key.(现在无法开门) 2.表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for/since连用）→例句：My grandparents have lived in this house for 40 years. 3.表示动作发生在过去，但不确定具体时间（常与ever/never/already连用）→例句：She has ever met the famous writer. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态转换 核心：根据主动语态句子的时态和主语，将其转换为正确的被动语态形式 真题1（语法填空)： The workers built the bridge last year.-The bridge_(build)by the workers last year. 答案：was built 解析：主动句为一般过去时，被动语态结构为“主语+was/were+过去分词”；主语the bridge是单 4 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 数，用was,build的过去分词为built。 真题2（单项选择)： People will hold a concert in the park next Sunday.-A concert_in the park next Sunday. A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.was held 答案：B 解析：主动句为一般将来时，被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held,故选 B。 考法二：被动语态与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境中情态动词的含义，判断是否需用被动语态，并正确使用“情态动词+b+过去分 词”结构 真题1（语法填空)： This difficult problem must(solve)by the end of this week. 答案：be solved 解析：由情态动词must可知后接动词原形，且problem与solve为被动关系，故用“must be+过去 分词”结构，solve的过去分词为solved。 真题2（单项选择)： Young trees_well when it is dry. A.must water B.must be watered C.have watered D.were watered 答案：B 解析：trees与water为被动关系，需用被动语态，排除A、C:根据“when it is dry”可知为客观情况， 用must表“必须”更符合语境，被动结构为“must be+过去分词”，water的过去分词为watered, 故选B。 考法三： 情态动词被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合情态动词表示推测或许可的语境，判断被动动作的承受者，掌握情态动词被动语态的 结构（情态动词+be+过去分词） 真题1（单项选择）： The work_by them in two hours.They have asked for help. A.must finish B.must be finished C.can finish D.can be finishing 答案：B 解析：主语“The work”是动作“finish”的承受者，需用被动语态，排除A、C:由语境“他们请 求帮助”可知动作“必须被完成”，用must表必须，情态动词被动语态结构为“must+be+过去分 词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 5 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（语法填空)： This kind of problem _(can solve)easily with a computer.You don't need to worry. 答案：can be solved 解析：主语“This kind of problem”是动作“solve”的承受者，用被动语态：情态动词can后接be +过去分词，solve的过去分词为solved,故填can be solved。此处表示“能够被解决”，符合语境 “用电脑很容易解决”。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,情态被动“情态+be”; 最后加上一个done,综合运用不犯懵。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My brotherbasketball every afternoon,but he-now because it's raining. A.plays;doesn't play B.is playing;plays C.plays;isn't playing D.played;wasn't playing 2.By the time we arrived at the station,the trainalready. A.has left B.had left C.will leave D.is leaving 3.A new library_in our school last year,and it_by students every day. A.built;visits B.was built;is visited C.is built:was visited 6 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 D.builds,is visiting 4.You_smoke in the hospital-it's against the rules. A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.mightn't 5.When I called her yesterday,she_dinner with her family. A.has B.had C.is having D.was having 6.This book_into five languages since it was published in 2010. A.translates B.translated C.has been translated D.was translated 7.-you ever-to the Great Wall? -Yes,I went there with my parents last summer. A.Have;been B.Did;go C.Will;go D.Are;going 8.The project_by the end of next month,so we have to hurry up. A.must complete B.must be completed C.will complete D.was completed 9.Shebe at home now-her car is still in the driveway. A.can't B.must C.might D.need 7 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 10.While TomTV,his sister her homework last night. A.watched did B.watches;does C.was watching;was doing D.is watching;is doing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We usually(have)breakfast at 7:00 a.m.,but today we(eat)at 8:00 because my mom overslept. 2.The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday,and it_(send)to London this morning 3.My parents_(live)in this city for 20 years.They-(move)here in 2003. 4.You_(not park)here-there's a"No Parking"sign over there. 5.Look!The children(play)happily in the park.They-(play)for two hours already. 6.This problem_(solve)by our teacher tomorrow.She promised to help us. 7.When I was a child,I_(can)swim very well,but now I_(not swim)for years. 8.The meeting_(hold)in the hall next Monday.All staff_(attend)it. 9.He_(just finish)his homework.Now he_(watch)TV. 10.These books_(must return)to the library by Friday,or you-(pay)a fine. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year,I_(visit)a small village in the mountains.The village_(build)hundreds of years ago and still(keep)its traditional style.When I arrived,some old men_(sit)under a big tree,chatting and drinking tea.A group of children(run)around,laughing loudly. I_(stay)there for three days.On the second day,I_(invite)to a local family's home for dinner.The 8 高中必修1外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 food(cook)by the grandmother,and it was delicious.She told me that the recipe(pass)down from her mother By the time I left,I_(make)many friends.The villagers_(be)so kind that I promised to visit them again next year. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.B5.D6.C7.A8B9.B10.C 演练二： 1.have;ate 2.was written:was sent 3.have lived;moved 4.mustn't/may not park 5.are playing;have played 6.will be solved 7.could;haven't swum 8.will be held:must attend 9.has just finished;is watching 10.must be returned;will have to pay 演练三： 1.visited 2.was built 3.keeps 4.were sitting 5.were running 6.stayed 7.was invited 8.was cooked 9.had been passed 10.had made 9