构词法：转换法和合成法-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】构词法：转换法和合成法 语法专项突破 考频分析 高一外研版必修1中，构词法转换法和合成法是基础语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，主 要分布在试卷核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、阅读理解（辅助词 汇推测)。在词汇类题目中，通过转换法实现的词性变化及合成词的构成规则往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。转换法：名词与动词、形容词与动词的词性转换规则及词义变化（如book→预订，empty一倒空）， 转换后在句中的语法功能辨析 ·合成法：复合名词（如classroom)、复合形容词（如hard-working)、复合动词（如overcome)的构 成方式与拼写规则，在语境中的语义理解及搭配应用 知识点一：构词法：转换法和合成法 1.转换法（由一种词性转换为另一种词性，词形不变) 1.常见类型： 。名词→动词(book n.书→y.预订) 。形容词一动词(empty adj..空的→v.倒空) 。动词→名词(wakv.走→n.散步) 2.例句： 。He will book a ticket online.(book由名词书”转换为动词”预订) 。She empty the box yesterday.(empty由形容词'空的'转换为动词'倒空”) 2.合成法（由两个或两个以上单词组合成新单词） 1.常见类型： 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 ·名词+名词(classroom教室) ●形容词+名词(blackboard黑板) ·动词+名词(pickpocket扒手) 2.例句： ●Our classroom is very big.(class和room组合成classroom) ●He wrote on the blackboard with chalk.(black和board组合成blackboard) 知识点二：构词法：转换法和合成法 1.转换法（词性转换，词形不变，词性改变) 1.动词→名词（常见）： ·动词原形直接作名词，意义与动词相关 ·例句： 1.The meeting will start at3p.m.(stat由动词”开始”转换为名词”会议”) 2.He gave a loud shout..（shout由动词”喊叫'转换为名词”喊叫声”) 2.名词→动词（常见)： ·名词直接作动词，体现名词相关的动作 ·例句： 1.She often books tickets online.(book由名词”书'转换为动词'预订) 2.They water the flowers every morning..(water由名词”水”转换为动词'浇水”) 3.形容词→动词（少数)： ·形容词直接作动词，体现状态变化 。例句： 1.The weather is warming up.(wam由形容词'温暖的”转换为动词”变暖) 2.The story interested me a lot..(interest由名词”兴趣'转换为动词使感兴趣'，此处为形容词 interested对应的动词形式) 2.合成法（两个或多个词合成新词，词性由合成部分决定） 1.名词+名词→名词（最常见）： 。两个名词直接叠加，表达新的事物或概念 ·例句： 1.classroom（class”班级”+room”房间”→”教室”) 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.bookstore(book”书'+-store'商店”→”书店”) 2.形容词+名词→名词： ·形容词修饰名词，合成后整体作名词 。例句： 1.blackboard(black”黑色的”+board'板子”→”黑板”) 2.greenhouse（green'”绿色的”+house'”房子”→”温室) 3.动词+名词→名词： ·动词和名词组合，体现动作与对象的关系 ·例句： 1.playground(play”玩+ground'场地”→”操场') 2.sunrise(sun”太阳”+rise”升起→”日出”，此处为名词+动词，顺序可变) 4.副词+动词→动词： 。副词修饰动词，合成后作动词 ·例句： 1.overcome(over'越过”+come”来”→”克服') 2.understand(under'”在…下面'+stand'站立”→”理解) 5.名词+形容词→形容词： ·名词和形容词组合，描述名词的特征 ●例句： 1.sow-white(snow'雪+white”白色的”→”雪白的) 2.world-famous(world'世界+famous'”著名的→”世界闻名的”) 知识点三：构词法之转换法和合成法 1.转换法（中考必背） 1.名词→动词： 。water(水)→water(浇水)→例句：My mother waters the flowers every morning. 。book(书)→book(预订)→例句：I need to book a ticket for the train 。hand(手)→hand(传递)→例句：Please hand me the pen. 。time(时间)→time(计时)→例句：He timed the race with a stopwatch. ·map(地图)一→map(绘制地图)一例句：They are mapping the mountain area. 2.动词→名词： 3 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 。teach(教)→teacher(教师)→例句：My English teacher is very kind. ●work(工作)→worker(工人)→例句：The worker builds houses. 。nun(跑)→uner(跑步者)→例句：He is a good runner in our school,. 。visit(参观)→visitor(参观者)→例句：There are many visitors in the park today.. 。invent(发明)→inventor(发明家)→例句：Edison was a great inventor. 3.形容词→动词： 。clean(干净的)→clean(打扫)→例句：I clean my room every weekend. ·empty(空的)一→empty(倒空)→例句：Please empty the trash bin. ·open(开着的)一→open(打开)→例句：Can you open the door for me? 。close(近的)→close(关闭)→例句：Remember to close the window before leaving. ·dy(干的)→dhry(擦干)→例句：She dries her hair with a towel.. 2.合成法（中考常考） 1.名词+名词： ·school(学校)+bag(包)一schoolbag(书包)→例句：I put my books in the schoolbag: ·class(班级)+room(房间)→classroom（教室)→例句：We study in the classroom, 。foot(脚)+ball(球)→football（足球)→例句：They play football on the playground, 。tooth(牙齿)+bush(刷子)→toothbrush(牙刷)→例句：I use a toothbrush every morning ·sun(太阳)+day(天)→Sunday(星期日)→例句：We don't go to school on Sunday. 2.形容词+名词： 。black(黑色的)+board(板)→blackboard(黑板)→例句：The teacher writes on the blackboard.. ·white(白色的)+paper(纸)一white paper(白纸)一→例句：Please draw on the white paper. ·green(绿色的)+tea(茶)→green tea(绿茶)→例句：My father likes drinking green tea. ·high(高的)+way(路)→highway（高速公路)一→例句：Cars run fast on the highway 。small（小的)+towm(城镇)一small town（小镇)→例句：He lives in a small town.. 3.动词+名词： ·pick(采摘)+pocket(口袋)→pickpocket(扒手)→例句：Be careful of pickpockets in the crowd. ●break(打破)+fast（斋戒)→breakfast(早餐)→例句：I have breakfast at7a.m. 。watch(观看)+man(人)→watchman(看守人)一→例句：The watchman guards the building at night 。wash(洗)+room(房间)→washroom(洗手间)→例句：Where is the washroom,please? ·play(玩)+ground(地面)一playground(操场)→例句：Students play on the playground. 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.副词+动词： ·up（向上)+set(设置)→upset(使心烦)→例句：The bad news upsets her 。out（向外)+break(打破)→outbreak(爆发)→例句：The outbreak of the fire was sudden. ·over(超过)+take(拿走)→overtake(超过)一例句：He overtakes the slow car. ·under(在·下)+stand(站立)→understand(理解)→例句：Ican't understand this sentence. ●dowm(向下)+load(装载)→download(下载)→例句：I download music from the Internet.. 考法精析 考法一：构词法之转换法辨析 核心：根据句子语境，判断单词词性转换类型及正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： Please_(empty)the trash before you leave. 答案：empty 解析：empty由形容词”空的”转换为动词'倒空”，句子为祈使句，用动词原形。 真题2（完形填空)： She made a_(walk)in the park after dinner. A.walk B.walks C.walked D.walking 答案：A 解析：walk由动词”走”转换为名词”散步，且”a”后接可数名词单数。 考法二：构词法综合辨析 核心：根据词根词缀及构词规则，判断不同构词法（转换法/合成法/派生法/缩略法/混合法/逆构法） 构成的新词词性及含义 真题1（语法填空）： The word"brunch"is formed by_(mix)"breakfast"and"lunch" 答案：mixing 解析：由知识点三可知，brunch是breakfast和lunch通过混合法构成的新词，此处介词by后需用 动名词形式，miⅸ的动名词为mixing。 真题2（完形填空）： Tom wants to_(book)a flight ticket online.The-(book)office is on the first floor. A.book;book B.booking;book C.book;booking D.booking;booking 答案：C 解析：第一空根据知识点一，book由名词”书转换为动词”预订”，want to后接动词原形；第二空 booking office为合成词，意为”售票处”，用动名词形式作定语。 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 考法三：构词法综合辨析 核心：区分转换法、合成法、混合法的构词特征，判断单词的构成方式及词性转换 真题1（单项选择)： Which word is formed by blending? A.classroom B.motel C.edit D.warm 答案：B 解析：选项A”classroom”是class(名词)+room(名词)构成，属于合成法：选项B”motel'”由 motor(汽车)+hotel(旅馆)各取部分字母混合而成，符合混合法特征；选项C”edit”是由”editor' 去掉词缀构成，属于逆构法；选项D”wa”可由形容词转换为动词，属于转换法。 真题2（语法填空)： The word"brunch"comes from "breakfast"and"lunch".It is formed by_(mix).He often_(book)the hotel online when he travels.Look at the _(snow-white)walls in the classroom! 答案：mixing books snow-white 解析：第一空考查构词法术语，”by”后接动名词，”mix”的动名词形式为”miⅸing”;第二空book” 由名词转换为动词”预订”，主语为第三人称单数，故填books”;第三空”snow-white”是名词+形容 词构成的合成形容词，修饰名词'walls”。 解题小妙招 构词法解题妙招 转换法看词性变，名动形副互转换： 合成法观词组合，新词意义由部分： 派生法查前后缀，词根不变意义改： 缩略法取首字母，混合法各取部分： 逆构法则去后缀，词性转变为动词： 语境分析是关键，结合考法辨类型。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.The word"motel"is formed by combining"motor"and"hotel".This method of word formation is called A conversion B blending C derivation 6 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 D back-formation 2.Which of the following words is formed by conversion A unhappy B classroom Cedit D book(v.预订) 3.The underlined word in"She hopes to interview the actor tomorrow"is formed by A adding a prefix B adding a suffix C conversion D abbreviation 4.Which of the following is an example of back-formation A teacher from teach B lazy to laze C phone from telephone D blackboard from black and board 5.The word"WHO"is formed by A clipping B blending C acronym D conversion 6.In the sentence"Please water the flowers",the word"water"is formed by A noun to verb B verb to noun C adjective to verb D adverb to verb 7.Which word is formed by the same method as"brunch" A motel B careful Crewrite D empty 8.The word"hopeless"is formed by adding the suffix to "hope" 7 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 A-ful B-less C-er D-tion 9.Which of the following is a compound word A unhappy B television C pickpocket DUNESCO 10.In'He made a sudden decision","sudden"is formed by adding to"sudden" A prefix B suffix C conversion Dblending 演练二：填空试题 1.You should_(care)cross the road. 2.The_(invent)of the Internet changed our life 3.She felt_(hope)after hearing the bad news. 4.Please_(book)a room for me in advance. 5.We had a(wonder)time at the party. 6.He likes to(walk)in the park every morning. 7.The_(nation)flag is flying high. 8.Can you(pure)the water before drinking? 9.She is a famous_(science). 10.They decided to _(broad)the road. 演练三：语法填空试题 Nowadays,with the development of technology,many new words are created through different word for- mation methods.For example,"smog"is a_(blend)of"smoke"and"fog".People often use"blog"which is_(shorten)from”web log'”. In daily life,we can see many compound words like"classroom"and "blackboard".When we want to express the opposite of"happy",we add the prefix"un-"to form"unhappy". 8 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 It's important to master these word formation skills.They help us_(understand)new words easily.For instance,when we see”dislike”,we know it means"not like”because of the prefix"dis-” Some words change their parts of speech without changing their forms.We can"butter"bread,which is a _(convert)from noun to verb. By learning these methods,we can_(rich)our vocabulary and improve our English_(able).Let's keep -(learn)and_(explore)the interesting world of words.Remember,practice makes_(perfect).With hard work,you'll make great_(progress). 答案区 演练-：1B2.D3.C4.B5.C6.A7.A8.B9.C10B 1.carefully 2.invention 3.hopeless 4.book 5.wonderful 6.walk 7.national 8.purify 9.scientist 10.broaden 1.blend2.shortened 3.understand4.conversion 5.enrich 6.ability 7.learning 8.exploring 9.perfect 10.progress 9