-ing-ed 形容词用法-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 必修1 【专题】-ing/-ed形容词用法 语法专项突破 考频分析 高一外研版必修1中，-ing/-ed形容词用法是基础语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，主要分 布在试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助 理解情感态度类题目)。在语境辨析类题目中，-ing形容词修饰事物与-ed形容词修饰人/人的感受 的区别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。构成与含义辨析：-ing形容词（如exciting,interesting）与-ed形容词（如excited,.interested)的词形 构成规则，以及前者表“令人…的”、后者表“感到…的”的核心含义差异： ·句法功能应用：在句子中作定语、表语、宾语补足语时的选择依据，修饰人或事物时的搭配原则（如 修饰人常用-ed形容词，修饰事物常用-ing形容词)： ·语境辨析与固定搭配：结合具体语境判断情感态度指向，以及某些动词转化的形容词在固定搭配中 的使用（如be interested in,a surprising result)。 知识点一：-ing/-ed形容词用法 1.ing形容词（表事物特征，意为“令人…的”） 1.构成：动词原形+ing 2.常见例词：interesting(有趣的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)、boring(无聊的) 3.例句： ●The movie is very interesting..(电影具有“有趣”的特征) ·This book is boring.(书具有“无聊”的特征) 2.-ed形容词（表人内心感受，意为“感到…的”) 1.构成：动词原形+ed（规则变化) 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 2.常见例词：interested(感兴趣的)、excited(兴奋的)、bored(感到无聊的) 3.例句： 。She is interested in music..(她内心感到“感兴趣”) ·They were excited about the news.(他们内心感到“兴奋”) 3.用法对比 l.修饰物/事用-ing:The story sounds exciting.(故事令人兴奋) 2.修饰人/表人感受用-ed:We felt excited after hearing the story..(我们感到兴奋) 3.易错点：避免混淆修饰对象→错误：He is very interesting.(正确：He is very interested..他感到有趣) 知识点二：ing/-ed形容词用法 1.基本含义与区别 1.ing形容词（令人…的） 。含义：描述事物或人本身具有的性质，侧重“令人产生某种感觉”，主语通常是物或事。 ·例句： l.The movie is very interesting.(电影本身有趣，令人感兴趣) 2.The story sounds exciting.（故事听起来令人兴奋) 2.-ed形容词（感到…的) 。含义：描述人内心的感受，侧重“人因外界事物而产生的状态”，主语通常是人。 ·例句： l.She is interested in the movie.(她对电影感到感兴趣) 2.They felt excited after hearing the news.(听到消息后他们感到兴奋) 2.常见搭配与用法 1.修饰名词 ·-ng形容词：直接修饰名词，说明名词的性质特征。 。例句：a boring lesson(一堂无聊的课)、an amazing trip(一次令人惊叹的旅行) 。ed形容词：修饰人时直接用，修饰“表情、眼神、声音”等名词时也可用，体现人的感受。 ·例句：a surprised look(惊讶的表情)the excited children(兴奋的孩子们) 2.作表语 。-ing形容词：主语为物/事（或表示“事物性质”的人，如a boring speaker)。 2 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 ·例句：The book is moving.(这本书很感人) 。-ed形容词：主语为人（或表示“人的感受”的名词，如my disappointment)。 ·例句：I am moved by the book.(我被这本书感动了) 3.易错提示 ·避免误用：不能说“He is very interesting.”(除非指“他是个有趣的人”，即他本身具有让人感 兴趣的性质)，若想表达“他感到有趣”，应为“He is very interested.” 3.高频词对比 l.interest→interesting(令人感兴趣的)/interested(感到感兴趣的) ·例句： 1.The game is interesting.(游戏令人感兴趣) 2.We are interested in the game.(我们对游戏感到感兴趣) 2.excite→exciting(令人兴奋的)/excited(感到兴奋的) ·例句： l.The football match is exciting.(足球赛令人兴奋) 2.The fans are excited about the match..(球迷们对比赛感到兴奋) 3.surprise→surprising(令人惊讶的)/surprised(感到惊讶的) 。例句： 1.His decision is surprising.(他的决定令人惊讶) 2.I was surprised at his decision.(我对他的决定感到惊讶) 4.tire→tiring(令人疲倦的)/tired(感到疲倦的) 。例句： 1.The long walk is tiring.(长途步行令人疲倦) 2.She is tired after the long walk.(长途步行后她感到疲倦) 5.bore→boring(令人厌烦的)/bored（感到厌烦的) ·例句： 1.The speech is boring.(演讲令人厌烦) 2.He was bored with the speech.(他对演讲感到厌烦) 知识点三：ing/-ed形容词用法 1.-ing形容词（修饰事物/描述性质) 3 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ·interesting(有趣的)→例句：The story is very interesting. 。exciting(令人兴奋的)→例句：The football match is exciting. ●boring(无聊的)→例句：This movie is boring 。surprising(令人惊讶的)→例句：The news is surprising. ·tiring（令人疲倦的)→例句：Running for an hour is tiring 。relaxing（令人放松的)→例句：Listening to music is relaxing. 2.常见搭配场景（中考常考)： 。修饰事物特征→例句：The book has an interesting plot, ·作表语描述主语性质→例句：The trip was exciting for everyone. 2.-ed形容词（修饰人/描述感受) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背)： ●interested(感兴趣的)一→例句：He is interested in the story. 。excited(兴奋的)→例句：We are excited about the party. 。bored(感到无聊的)→例句：She feels bored with the lesson. ·surprised(感到惊讶的)→例句：They were surprised at the result 。tired(疲倦的)→例句：I am tired after a long walk, ●relaxed(放松的)→例句：She looks relaxed after the exam, 2.常见搭配场景（中考易错）： 。修饰人内心感受→例句：The excited children are opening gifts. ·与be动词搭配表状态→例句：My mother is tired from working all day. 3.区分使用技巧（中考核心） 1.-ing vs.ed辨析规则： ·事物特征用-ing→例句：The movie is interesting.(电影本身有趣) 。人主观感受用-ed→例句：We are interested in the movie..（人感到有趣) 2.易混淆词对比（中考高频）： ·surprising(令人惊讶的)vs.surprised(感到惊讶的)→例句：The surprising news made her surprised. 。tiring（令人疲倦的)vs.tired(疲倦的)一→例句：The tiring journey left them tired 4 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 考法精析 考法一：-ing/-ed形容词辨析 核心：根据修饰对象（人/事物）及语境含义（表特征/感受），选择正确的-ed或-ing形容词 真题1（语法填空)： The children were_(excite)when they heard the_(excite)news. 答案：excited exciting 解析：第一空修饰人(children),表内心感受，用excited:第二空修饰事物(news),表特征“令 人兴奋的”，用exciting。 真题2（完形填空)： The lecture was so_that many students felt__and fell asleep. A.bored boring B.boring bored C.boring boring D.bored bored 答案：B 解析：第一空修饰事物(lecture),表特征“无聊的”，用boring;第二空修饰人(students),表感受 “感到无聊的”，用bored。 考法二：-ing-ed形容词与非谓语动词作定语的综合应用 核心：区分-ing-ed形容词修饰人/物的用法，结合非谓语动词(doing/done)作定语表主动/被动、 进行完成的功能 真题1（语法填空)： The_(excite)children are talking about the_(interest)story_(write)by a famous author. 答案：excited interesting written 解析：第一空修饰人”children'',表内心感受用-ed形容词excited:第二空修饰物'stoy',表事物特 征用-ing形容词interesting:第三空”story”与”write”是被动关系，用过去分词written作后置定语 表被动。 真题2（完形填空)： We were deeply by thespeech-by the professor yesterday. A.moved moving giving B.moving moved given C.moved moving given D.moving moved giving 答案：C 解析：第一空修饰人”we',表感受用moved:第二空修饰物”speech”,表特征用moving:第三空”speech' 与'give”是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词given,故选C。 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 考法三：非谓语动词作定语状语与ingl-ed形容词的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词的主动/被动关系及-ing/-ed形容词的修饰对象，掌握现在分词（表 主动/进行、过去分词（表被动/完成）作定语/状语的用法，以及-ig形容词（表事物特征）和-ed形容 词（表人感受）的区别。 真题1（单项选择）： -thenews,all the students becameand cheered loudly. A.Hearing;exciting;excited B.Heard;excited;exciting C.Hearing;excited;exciting D.Heard;exciting;excited 答案：A 解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语“all the students”与“hear”是主动关系，用现在分 词Hearing:第二空修饰“news”(事物)，表“令人兴奋的”用exciting:第三空修饰“students”(人)， 表“感到兴奋的”用excited。. 真题2（语法填空）： The girl-(read)a_(bore)book looked(disappoint)because she couldn't find anything interesting. 答案：reading,boring;:disappointed 解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作定语修饰“the girl”,“girl”与“read”是主动关系，用现在分词 reading:第二空修饰“book”（事物)，表“无聊的”用boring:第三空描述“girl”的感受，表“感 到失望的”用disappointed。 解题小妙招 -ing-ed形容词妙招 修饰对象先分清，人用-ed物用-ing: -ed表感受内心藏，-ing表特征事物强： 非谓作定看关系，主动doing被动done: 伴随状语主动doing,被动完成用done: 宾语补足看主被动，主动doing被动done; 综合运用记心间，人感物征是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The movie was so that the audience felt throughout the whole time A.boring bored 6 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 B.bored boring C.boring boring D.bored bored 2.We noticed a girlin the park,and her_smile attracted everyone's attention. A.dance charming B.dancing charmed C.dance charmed D.dancing charming 3.Thestudents are listening to alecture given by a famous scientist. A.interested interesting B.interesting interested C.interested interested D.interesting interesting 4.My parents often tell memore books,but I sometimes find it hard focused for a long time. A.reading keeping B.to read to keep C.read to keep D.to read keeping 5.from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a colorful carpet. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 6.The teacher asked us_the classroom before leaving,and we saw some students_the windows. A.cleaning clean B.to clean cleaning C.clean to clean D.to cleanclean 7.I was deeply by thestory by my grandmother last night. A.moved moving told B.moving moved telling C.moved moved told D.moving moving telling 7 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 8.She wants her English,so she practicesEnglish every morning. A.improving speaking B.to improve to speak C.to improve speaking D.improving to speak 9.The child was by thetoys in the shop. A.exciting interested interesting B.excited interested interesting C.excited interesting interested D.exciting interesting interested 10.the homework,he went to bed early,but he still felt_after a long day. A.Finishing tired B.Finished tiring C.Having finished tired D.To finish tiring 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The(excite)news made all the children-(jump)with joy. 2.I heard her_(sing)when I passed her room,and her voice sounded_(beauty). 3.The_(break)cup needs(repair)before my mother comes back. 4.(learn)English well,he spends two hours_(read)every day. 5.The (interest)students are talking about the movie(direct)by Zhang Yimou. 6.My father had his car(wash)yesterday,and the(clean)car looks brand-new. 7.She felt_(surprise)when she saw the(amaze)gift on her desk. 8.The teacher told us_(not talk)in class,but some students kept_(whisper). 8 高中外研版 【必修1】 语法精讲 9.(walk)along the street,I met an old friend(carry)a heavy bag. 10.The_(bore)lecture made many students(feel)sleepy. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last Sunday,I went to a park with my friends.We saw a group of(excite)children playing games,and their(laugh)voices filled the air.A young man was sitting on a bench,(read)a book(write)by Mo Yan.I wanted_(join)them,so I walked over and asked if I could play.They welcomed me warmly,and we spent the whole afternoon _(run)and _(shout). In the evening,we decided_(have)dinner at a restaurant.The food there was-(delicious),and the _(serve)was friendly.When I got home,I felt_(tire)but happy.It was a day full of fun and laughter! 答案区 演练-：1.A2D3.A4B5.B6.B7.A8.C9B10.C 演练二： 1.exciting;jump 2.singing;beautiful 3.broken;repairing/to be repaired 4.To learn;reading 5.interested;directed 6.washed:clean 7.surprised;amazing 8.not to talk;whispering 9.Walking;carrying 10.boring;feel 演练三： 1.excited 2.laughing 3.reading 4.written 5.to join 6.running 7.shouting 8.to have 9.delicious 10.tired 9