基础时态的被动语态-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】基础时态的被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版必修3中，基础时态的被动语态是重要语法点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多 个核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影 响句子结构的正确性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，基础时态的被动语态的构成及用法 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构掌握：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的构成(am/is/are+-done, was/were+done,will be+done,have/has been+done) 。主动被动转换：不同时态下主动句变被动句的规则（含情态动词被动语态：情态动词+be+done) 。语境应用辨析：结合时间状语、上下文判断被动语态的时态选择及主谓一致问题 知识点一：基础时态的被动语态 1.一般现在时被动语态（主语为动作承受者，表经常性/习惯性动作） 。结构：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 。例句 1.English is spoken all over the world..(主语English是动作speak的承受者) 2.The classroom is cleaned every day.(表经常性动作) 2.一般过去时被动语态（主语为动作承受者，表过去发生的动作） ●结构：主语+was/were+过去分词 ·例句 1.The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago.(主语The Great Wall是动作build的承受者) 2.These books were bought yesterday.(表过去发生的动作) 3.一般将来时被动语态（主语为动作承受者，表将要发生的动作） 1 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·结构：主语+will be+过去分词/主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词 。例句： 1.A new hospital will be built next year.(will be表将来) 2.The problem is going to be discussed tomorrow.(be going to be表将来) 4.现在完成时被动语态（主语为动作承受者，表过去发生且特续到现在的动作） 。结构：主语+have/has been+过去分词 ●例句： l.The work has been finished already.(主语The work是动作finish的承受者) 2.Many trees have been planted in the park since2020.(表从过去持续到现在的动作) 知识点二：被动语态的特殊结构和用法 1.情态动词的被动语态（表示”能够、必须、应该”等情态意义的被动动作） ·适用情态动词：can(能)、may(可以)、must(必须)、should（应该)、need(需要) ·结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词（情态动词无人称变化，be动词用原形） ·例句： l.The work can be finished in two hours.(can+be+finish的过去分词finished) 2.This book must be returned to the library on time..(must+be+return的过去分词returned) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（主动语态中省略to的不定式作宾补，被动语态需还原to) ·常见动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使，让)、let(让)、watch(观看) ·主动语态结构（省略o):主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+动词原形 ·例句： 1.We saw him enter the room.(see+宾语him+动词原形enter) 2.The teacher made her rewrite the composition.(make+宾语her+动词原形rewrite) ·被动语态结构（还原to):主语+be+感官动词/使役动词的过去分词+to+动词原形 ·例句： l.He was seen to enter the room by us.(be seer+to+enter,see的过去分词seen) 2.She was made to rewrite the composition by the teacher.(be made to +rewrite,make 分词made) 3.不及物动词的被动语态（需添加介词，构成”动词+介词”的及物短语） ●常见”动词+介词'短语：look after(照顾)、listen to(听)、pay attention to(注意)、take care of (照顾) ·结构：主语+be+”动词+介词”的过去分词短语（介词不可省略） 2 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。例句： l.The children are looked after by their grandparents.(look after的过去分词looked after) 2.This problem has been paid attention to by the government.(pay attention to的过去分词paid attention to) 4.被动语态与系表结构的区别（被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态） ·被动语态（有动作执行者或隐含动作意味）： 1.结构：主语+be+动词过去分词（强调”被”的动作） 2.例句：The window was broken by Tom yesterday.(强调”被Tom打破”的动作，有时间标志 词yesterday) 。系表结构(be动词+形容词化的过去分词，表状态)： 1.结构：主语+b+形容词化过去分词（无动作执行者，常接表状态的副词或介词短语） 2.例句：The window is broken now.(broken为形容词，表”破碎的'状态，有now强调当前状 态) 知识点三：基础时态的被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态 ●构成：am/is/arre+过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： 1.主语（物）+am/is/are+过去分词→例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.主语（人）+am/is/are+过去分词+bysb.→例句：English is spoken by many people. 3.否定句：am/is/are+not+过去分词→例句：The book is not kept in the library. 4.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词？→例句：Is the letter written by Tom? 2.一般过去时的被动语态 ·构成：was/were+过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： 1.主语（物）+was/were+过去分词→例句：The bridge was built in2000 2.主语（人）+was/were+过去分词+bysb.一例句：The window was broken by the boy. 3.否定句：was/were+not+过去分词→例句：The meeting was not held yesterday. 4.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词？一→例句：Were the trees planted last week? 3.一般将来时的被动语态 ·构成：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： 1.will be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year.. 3 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.am/is/are going to be+过去分词→例句：The work is going to be finished soon. 3.否定句：will not be+过去分词→例句：The project will not be completed on time 4.一般疑问句：Wil+主语+be+过去分词？一例句：Will the party be held in the park? 考法精析 考法一：基础时态被动语态辨析 核心：根据语境中的时间标志或动作特征，判断并选择正确的基础时态被动语态（一般现在时/一 般过去时/一般将来时/现在完成时被动) 真题1（语法填空）： The Olympic Games_(hold)every four years.It is a great event for athletes around the world. 答案：are held 解析：由时间标志词'every four years'”可知，动作表经常性、习惯性发生，用一般现在时被动语态： 主语为复数，助动词用are,hold的过去分词为held。 真题2（单项选择)： A new library_in our school last year,and now it has become a popular place for students. A.builds B.is built C.was built D.will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'last year”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态：主语为单数，助 动词用was,build的过去分词为built。. 真题3（单句改错）： The problem has solved by the teacher already.(找出错误并改正) 答案：has solved→has been solved 解析：主语”the problem”是动作'solve”的承受者，需用被动语态；由”already”可知用现在完成时被 动，结构为have/has been+过去分词”，故在has”后加been”。 考法二：基础时态被动语态与情态动词被动语态混合辨析 核心：结合时间提示和语境中的情态意义，判断被动语态的时态与情态动词组合形式 真题1（语法填空）： This task(must finish)by the end of this week.We have no time to waste. 答案：must be finished 解析：由情态动词'must”可知需用情态动词被动结构”情态动词+be+过去分词”；'finish”的过去 分词为finished',故填'must be finished'。 真题2（单项选择)： 4 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 A new library in our school next year.It hold more than 10,000 books. A.will build;can B.will be built;can C.is built;must D.was built;should 答案：B 解析：第一空由时间标志词'next year”可知用一般将来时被动语态'will be built';第二空表能力用 情态动词'can”,后接动词原形hold',故选B。 考法三：被动语态的综合转换与语境应用 核心：结合时态、情态动词及主动被动转换规则，在具体语境中正确运用被动语态 真题1（单项选择)： Many treesin the park since 2020 and they shouldwell now. A.planted must look after B.were planted be looked after C.have been planted be looked after D.have planted must be looked after 答案：C 解析：第一空由时间状语”since2020”可知用现在完成时，主语”trees”是动作'plant'的承受者，需 用现在完成时被动语态have been planted';第二空有情态动词'should',被动结构为”should be+过 去分词'，'look after”的过去分词短语为looked after'”,故选C。 真题2（语法填空)： A new hospital_(build)here next year and it can(complete)in 2027.Local people are happy with this news. 答案：will be built be completed 解析：第一空由”next year”可知用一般将来时被动语态，结构为"will be+过去分词”；第二空有情 态动词'can”,被动结构为”can be+过去分词'，complete的过去分词为completed。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”an/is/are”,一过被动"was/were'”; 进行被动要用being”?,完成被动'have/has/had been”; 5 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 将来被动'will be'”,情态被动”情态+be done”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The Olympic Gamesevery four years and are watched by millions worldwide. A.hold B.are held C.were held D.will be held 2.A new bridge_across the river last year,and it has improved local traffic a lot. A.builds B.is built C.was built D.will be built 3.This difficult problemby our teacher yet,so we need to ask for help tomorrow. A.hasn't solved B.wasn't solved C.hasn't been solved D.won't be solved 4.Mobile phonesin the exam room.It's against the rules A.must not use B.must not be used C.need not use D.need not be used 5.The old housenext month because it's unsafe.Local people are sad about it. A.will be pulled down B.pulls down C.pulled down D.is pulling down 6.Students _to take books out of the reading room without permission A.should allow B.should be allowed 6 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 C.shouldn't allow D.shouldn't be allowed 7.The little girl was heard loudly in the park by her mother just now. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cried 8.The meeting room now.Please come back in half an hour. A.is cleaning B.is being cleaned C.was cleaned D.will be cleaned 9.It is said that the famous writera new novel recently,and it next year. A.writes;publishes B.wrote;published C.has written;will be published D.is writing;was published 10.The machine_every day to make sure it works well. A.must check B.must be checked C.need check D.need be checked 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.English_(speak)as a second language in many countries 2.The letter(post)yesterday,so it should arrive tomorrow. 3.This project_(complete)by the end of this year if we work hard. 4.These old photos(keep)in the box for over 20 years.They are very precious. 7 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 5.Children_(not allow)to swim alone in the river.It's dangerous. 6.The broken window_(repair)by my father right now. 7.The results of the competition(announce)next Monday.Please stay tuned. 8.This book(can take)home,but you must return it within two weeks. 9.The classroom_(clean)every morning by the students on duty. 10.The thief(catch)by the police when he was trying to escape. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Solar Energy:A Clean Power Source Solar energy is one of the most popular renewable energy sources today.It_(use)to generate electricity for homes and businesses all over the world.Many solar panels_(install)on rooftops in recent years,and the number is still growing. In some countries,solar power(must support)by the government to reduce pollution.For example, families(encourage)to use solar panels through tax discounts.It is said that solar energy_(become) the cheapest energy source in many areas by 2030. However,solar panels-(need clean)regularly to work efficiently.They(not damage)easily,but extreme weather like hailstorms can break them.Last year,a big storm-(destroy)many solar panels in a village,but volunteers(help)repair them quickly. Solar energy is not new.The first solar-powered calculator-(invent)in the 1970s.Since then,technology -(improve)greatly,making solar power more accessible to everyone. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6D7B8B9.C10B 演练二： 1.is spoken 2.was posted 3.will be completed 4.have been kept 8 高中冀教版必修3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 5.are not allowed 6.is being repaired 7.will be announced 8.can be taken 9.is cleaned 10.was caught 演练三： 1.isused 2.have been installed 3.must be supported 4.are encouraged 5.will become 6.need to be cleaned 7.are not damaged 8.destroyed 9.helped 10.was invented 11.has been improved 9