UNIT 12 SECTION 2 LESSON 1 SCIENTIFIC BREAKT HROUGHS-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂课时作业word（北师大版）

[基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．After class we talked a lot and became 　instant　(立刻的) friends. 2．She 　donated　(捐赠) a large sum of money to the college. 3．The two countries signed an agreement to jointly launch 　satellites　(卫星)． 4．Our 　constant　(持续不断的) aim is to help our guests enjoy the party. 5．In order to achieve this goal, we will strengthen our cooperation and make 　joint　(共同的) efforts. 6．Still, the actor finds ways to keep himself 　humble　(谦虚的)． 7．The government 　proposed　(提议) changes to the voting system. 8．Far away from each other, the two sisters 　correspond　(通信) every week. 9．His 　proposal　(提议) that these tickets should be available for one month is quite acceptable. 10．With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as an 　efficient　(高效的) way of reaching target customers. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．She still corresponds 　with　 friends she met in Mexico nine years ago. 2．Employees make regular 　donations　(donate) to charity. 3．Alice recognized Tom 　the　 instant she saw him. 4．I really doubt 　whether/if　 we can finish the work ahead of time. 5. 　Without　 the sun, the world would be in total darkness. 6．I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle 　when　 a good idea struck me. 7．One of the main 　findings　(find) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place. 8．However，research has proved that people can learn to sleep more 　efficiently　(efficient)． [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Times change and we must 　change_with　 (随……而变化) them. 2．We know who we can depend on in our lives and 　turn_to　 (求助于) them when we need help. 3．Then 　figure_out　 (想出) one practical solution you can take for each of those pieces. 4．Now it is not the time to 　single_out　 (挑选出) your friends at work. 5．The children's ages 　range_from_5_to_15　 (在5至15岁之间)． 6．We 　donate_to　 (捐赠) the school fund every year. 　The_donation　 (捐款) is given to those who do best in exams. [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Who is a genius？This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly：Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us？And who are they? In the sciences and arts，those praised as geniuses were most often white men，of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.It's said that history is written by the victors，and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club－women，or people of a different color or belief－they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six，girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really，really smart.” Even worse，the study found that girls act on that belief：Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really，really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up？It doesn't take a genius to know the answer：absolutely not. Here's the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication，we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look，the more we will see that social factors (因素)like gender，race，and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says，future geniuses come from those with“intelligence，creativity，perseverance(毅力)，and simple good fortune，who are able to change the world.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？” 引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative. C．They're objective. D．They're strict. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“It's said that history is written by the victors，and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club－women，or people of a different color or belief－they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才人物——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。] 2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even worse，the study found that girls act on that belief：Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are ‘really，really smart.’(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的：六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是‘非常非常聪明’的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。] 3．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination against women. C．Acceptance of victors'concepts. D．Changes in people's social positions. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication，we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个全球通信不断发展的互联网世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现)”可知，进步的全球通信让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。] 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck 解析：B　[主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius？(谁是天才)”和最后一段的“As a writer says，future geniuses come from those with ‘intelligence，creativity，perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune，who are able to change the world.’(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有‘智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。’)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知，B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。] B Do you have imagination? Do you like to solve problems? Can you? If so, you could be the next great inventor.“But I'm just a kid，”you might say! Don't worry about a little thing like age.For example, one famous inventor－Benjamin Franklin—got his start when he was only 12. So you don't have to be an adult to be an inventor.One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of：curiosity and imagination. So what should you do if you have a great idea for an invention? Talk to a friend or family member about it.Get input from others about your idea.Then ask them to help you create a working model—called a prototype—of your idea. Once you have a prototype, you can test it.Sometimes your innovation turns out to be not as great as you thought.At other times, though, you realize it is a good idea and your prototype can help you figure out how to make it even better. If your idea is really a good one, an adult can help you contact companies that might be interested in it.You will also want an adult's help to get a patent for your idea, so that it is protected and can't be stolen by someone else. If you need some inspiration, consider these kids and their inventions： Jeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11.It's a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink.Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves. At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read. Chelsea Lanmon received a patent when she was just 8 for the “pocket diaper (尿布)”，a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了小孩子也可以成为发明家，并介绍了发明的步骤，列举了一些有发明的小孩子。 5．By saying “But I'm just a kid”， you probably mean you 　________　. A．are too young to achieve anything B．are old enough to become an inventor C．can do anything though you are young D．have to learn knowledge from other people 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Don't worry about a little thing like age.For example，one famous inventor－Benjamin Franklin—got his start when he was only 12.”可知，下文举了本杰明·富兰克林在12岁时就开始了发明事业的例子，说明年龄并不是取得成就的限制因素，所以你说“但我只是个孩子”的意思可能是想表达自己太年轻了，不能取得任何成就。故选A。] 6．Which of the following is the right order of an invention? A．A patent—a prototype—a good idea—an invention. B．A prototype—a patent—a good idea—an invention. C．A good idea—a prototype—an invention—a patent. D．An invention—a good idea—a patent—a prototype. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Get input from others about your idea.Then ask them to help you create a working model—called a prototype—of your idea.”，第四段中的“Once you have a prototype，you can test it.”和第五段中的“You will also want an adult’s help to get a patent for your idea”可知，发明的正确步骤是“a good idea—a prototype—an invention—a patent”。故选C。] 7．Who invented something that helps the people who are not able to see to read? A．Jeanie Low.　　　 B．Louis Braille. C．Chelsea Lanmon. D．Benjamin Franklin. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At the age of 15，Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read.”可知，路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种可以帮助那些看不见的人阅读的东西。故选B。] 8．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A．Kids have curiosity and imagination B．Kids are exactly like adults in a way C．It is possible for kids to be inventors D．There are some world­famous inventors 解析：C　[主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“So you don’t have to be an adult to be an inventor.One thing you do need，though，is something that kids have plenty of：curiosity and imagination.”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要讲了小孩子也可以成为发明家，并介绍了发明的步骤，列举了一些有发明的小孩子。所以D选项“孩子们有可能成为发明家”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Germs are tiny organisms that can cause disease－and they're so small that they can creep in your system without being noticed.To stay healthy, it helps to give some thought to germs. Bacteria are tiny, single­celled organisms that are found throughout nature, including in the bodies of human beings.A certain number of bacteria are good for our bodies—they help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in.　__1__　.But bacteria can cause trouble like viruses, too. 2__　.But some viruses, such as the kind that causes hepatitis (肝炎), can survive on surfaces for a week or longer and still be able to cause infections.　__3__　， viruses spread easily and can make you quite sick. The best way to prevent the infections that germs cause is by protecting yourself.Because most germs are spread through the air in sneezes or coughs. Washing your hands often is absolutely the best way to stop germs from getting into your body.　__4__　？ After using the bathroom, after blowing your nose or coughing, after touching any pets or animals, after gardening, or before and after visiting a sick relative or friend.And of course you should wash your hands before eating or cooking. Another way to fight infections from germs is to make sure you have the right immunizations, especially if you are travelling to other countries.　__5__　， unless your doctor tells you otherwise. With a little prevention, you can keep harmful germs out of your way! A．When should you wash B．If you or someone else is sick C．Once they've moved into your body D．How can you protect yourself from germs E．Getting a flu vaccination yearly is strongly recommended F．Some bacteria are even used to produce medicines and vaccines G．Most viruses can only live for a very short time outside other living cells [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌的定义、存在方式及传播形式，还介绍了预防和对抗细菌的方法。 1．F　[根据前面一句可知，此处在讲细菌积极有用的一面；根据后一句转折引入细菌有害的一面可知，F项讲述的也是细菌积极有用的一面，符合上下文语境。] 2．G　[根据后面But引出的内容可知，本句应该提到一般情况下病毒在活细胞外存活的时间较短。] 3．C　[根据后面的viruses spread easily and can make you quite sick可知，此处应叙述病毒进入体内的影响。] 4．A　[根据后面连续几个after和before连接的时间状语可知，此处应为过渡句，引出下文，因此“何时洗手”符合语境。] 5．E　[根据后面的unless your doctor tells you otherwise可知，此处表示“除非医生告诉你不要这么做，否则强烈建议每年注射流感疫苗”。] Ⅲ.语法填空 What is a clone? A clone is a copy－a genetic copy.Genes are the 1.　________________　 (instruction) for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.Genes make each plant or animal different and unique.A clone has the same genes 2.　________　 the original organism. Cloning is not new and 3.　____________　 (be) with us for centuries.Many new plants are grown from cuttings from the 4.　________　 (origin) plants.One benefit of 5.　________　(clone) is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants. It's much 6.　________________　 (difficult) to clone animals than plants.In 1997 scientists succeeded in cloning a sheep.7.　________　 creation of Dolly, the cloned sheep, caused great attention around the world in no time.Scientists had tried to clone other animals like frogs before that, but they 8.　________　 (fail)．Frogs died as tadpoles, never living long enough 9.　____________　 (become) adult frogs. It may soon be possible to clone more types 10.　________　 animals. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲了什么是克隆，克隆的历史以及进展。 1．instructions　[考查名词单复数。句意：基因是生命的指南。] 2．as　[考查介词。the same...as...是固定搭配。] 3．has been　[考查谓语动词。根据后文的for centuries可知用现在完成时。] 4．original　[考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词。] 5．cloning　[考查非谓语动词。介词后用动词的­ing形式。] 6．more difficult　[考查形容词的比较级。根据后文的than 可知用比较级。] 7．The　[考查冠词。此处表示特指。the creation of Dolly多莉的诞生。] 8．failed　[考查动词的时态。这件事发生在过去，所以填failed，且上文的had tried也有所提示。] 9．to become　[考查非谓语动词。enough后接to do，用作状语。] 10．of　[考查介词。more types of更多种。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $