UNIT 11 SECTION 1 TOPIC TALK-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂课时作业word（北师大版）

[基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Let's 　inquire　(询问)into that matter a little more. 2．I don't want to put you to any 　inconvenience　(不便)． 3．This swimming pool is 　somewhat　(有点，有几分) deeper than ours. 4．She was deeply 　ashamed　(羞愧的)of her behaviour at the party. 5．He sent a doctor to 　monitor　(监测)the patient's illness. 6．The young man lack self­confidence and 　maturity　(成熟，老炼)，feeling childish. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．—How did some drinks companies respond 　to　 the sugar tax? —They reduced their products' sugar content. 2．Secondly，the 　inconvenience　(convenience) is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. 3．Don't openly express 　annoyance　(annoy) at a professor or class. 4．The issue of the debt is still under 　negotiation　(negotiate)． 5．Recent research suggests that if an argument gets 　resolved　(resolve)，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. 6．Some 　compromises　(compromise)were unavoidable，but the video turned out perfect. 7．When Dr.Gullickson was 　assigning　(assign) project mates for his introduction to experimental psychology class，I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Don't play computer games.It is 　a_waste_of_time　(时间的浪费)． 2．I am calling to the station to 　make_sure　(确保，弄清)the road is not blocked. 3．All my costs will be paid 　in_full　(充足，全额)next Friday. 4．She tapped her forehead and 　looked_annoyed_with　(看上去生气)herself. 5．　By_the_end_of_this_year　 (到今年年底)we will have learnt 8 units. 6．　By_doing_experiments　 (通过做实验)again and again，they finally drew a conclusion. [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When people find themselves in difficult conflicts, they often turn to mediation (调解)．Mediators are advised to listen attentively, avoid favoring the ideas of one party, and make both sides feel at ease. Surprisingly, new research that my colleagues and I conducted shows that, to effectively help people settle their conflicts, mediators should adopt a hostile (敌意的) attitude rather than a calming one. A hostile mediator, we find, brings better results than a nice one. Why would adding more negativity (消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial? Consider how parents typically react when they can't get their children to stop quarreling：“I don't care who started it. Both of you go to your rooms！” At first sight, a calm mediator seems likely to be more effective. But as anyone with brothers or sisters knows, parents' seemingly (看上去) unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect. In our research, we created situations in which pairs of negotiators were part of a heated conflict. In some cases, the mediator had a “nice” approach—calm and polite. In others, he was hostile—aggressive and somewhat rude. Across different types of conflicts, we found that negotiators were more willing and able to reach an agreement in the presence (在场) of a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one. The main result of the test is not that hostility pays off. In fact, recent research has documented the social costs of negative behavior. For example, being the target of rude behavior reduces people's performance on a variety of tasks. Other research shows the social benefits of positive behavior. People are more likely to close deals and become future business partners. Even with the widespread social benefits of positive behavior and costs of negative behavior，hostility can pay off in certain situations. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。当人们发现自己陷入难解的冲突时，他们往往求助于调解。建议调解员认真听取意见，避免偏袒一方的意见，使双方感到放心。即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益而消极行为具有一定的代价，敌意也能在某些情况下奏效。 1．What is the parents' settlement of conflicts in Paragraph 2? A．It's calming and wise. B．It's arbitrary but effective. C．It's commonly adopted. D．It harms family relationship. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘I don't care who started it.Both of you go to your rooms！’‘...parents' seemingly unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect.’”可知，第二段中提到的父母的方法虽然有些武断，但是对孩子之间矛盾的解决很有效。故选B。 2．How does the author support his viewpoints? A．By giving examples and experimenting. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By presenting facts. D．By making comparison. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Consider how parents typically react when they can't get their children to stop quarreling”和第三段中对所做实验的介绍可知，作者通过提供例子和做实验来证明观点。故选A。] 3．Which best describes the author's attitude in the text? A．Concerned.　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Positive. 解析：C　[推理判断题。文中作者在第二、三段讨论了调解者采取敌意态度的这种消极行为的作用和力量，同时在第四段也指出了积极行为的好处以及消极行为的代价。所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C。] 4．What could be the best title of the text? A．The Significance of Effective Mediation B．The Costs of Negative Behavior C．The Benefits of Positive Behavior D．The Surprising Power of Hostility 解析：D　[主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A hostile mediator，we find，brings better results than a nice one”，第二段中的“Why would adding more negativity (消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial？”，第三段段末的“...we found that negotiators ...a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one”以及最后一段中的“hostility can pay off in certain situations”可知，作者主要介绍调解者采取的敌意态度的出乎意料的力量，所以The Surprising Power of Hostility作文章的标题最佳。故选D。] B On a cool night in San Francisco, a man calling himself Motor Mouth patrols (巡逻) the streets, looking to lend a hand to anyone needing aid. Dressed in a costume that includes a black mask to cover his face, Motor Mouth is one of a growing number of real­life “superheroes”. People belonging to this group do not have actual superpowers, but they do want to help their communities and make the world a safer place. In 2001, more than 300 people claimed to participate in the real­life superhero movement. Some people, such as Benjamin Fodor, who also uses the name Phoenix Jones when wearing his mask and cape (披风), have received a lot of media attention. However, many of the other real­life superhero participants 　keep_low_profiles　. Most prefer to fit in with everyone else. Do these real­life superheroes actually help? It depends on whom you ask. Phoenix Jones claims to have stopped robberies and fights, but the police say that his actions sometimes interfere with their work. They even had to arrest him once for spraying (喷洒) someone with pepper spray. In general, it is dangerous for people to involve themselves in potentially violent situations such as break­ins or fights. Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals, and they advise would­be heroes to safely gather information about the crime and immediately call the police instead. The real­life superheroes and their supporters claim that they are responding to needs in their communities that police officers are unable to meet. They point out that the vast majority of real­life superheroes perform community service work, such as helping to feed the homeless. They also claim that the superheroes are positive symbols for their communities, inspiring others to do good deeds. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。在旧金山有一些现实生活中的“超人”，他们热衷于社区工作，维护当地的治安环境，但是警察对于他们的工作持有不同的态度。 5．What can we infer about Phoenix Jones? A．He is a character in a superhero film. B．He is a real­life superhero. C．He always helps the police. D．He wants to be a policeman. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，有些人吸引了媒体的关注，并以Benjamin Fodor使用Phoenix Jones的名字为例，因此可推测Phoenix Jones是一位真实世界里的超级英雄。] 6．What does the underlined phrase “keep low profiles” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Avoid publicity. B．Stay positive. C．Follow the order. D．Keep busy. 解析：A　[词义猜测题。由However可知，画线短语所在句和前一句表述的是相反情况，再由“Most prefer to fit in with everyone else.”可知，画线短语的意思是“保持低调”，也就是“避免引人注意”。] 7．What did the police think of superheroes in the community? A．They will cause more crime. B．They disturb people's life. C．They lack professional training. D．They know little about crime. 解析：C　[事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals...”可知，普通人缺少专业训练。] 8．What is many real­life superheroes' opinion on themselves? A．They have unique abilities. B．They lower national crime rates. C．They can satisfy the police's needs. D．They help a lot in their communities. 解析：D　[事实细节题。最后一段讲到现实生活中的超级英雄以及他们的支持者声称他们能做警察做不到的事情，为社区做义工，他们的行为能鼓励其他人做好事。由此可知“现实生活中的超级英雄”认为自己对社区帮助很大。] Ⅱ.完形填空 A famous scientist was being interviewed.The newspaper reporter asked him what 　__1__　 him from others so far.He responded that it was all 　__2__　 an experience that occurred in his childhood. He had been trying to 　__3__　 a bottle of milk which was in the refrigerator when the bottle 　__4__　 and fell, making the milk all over the kitchen floor.　__5__　 the scene, his mother did not yell at him, give him a 　__6__　，or punish him, but she said, “The 　__7__　 has already been done.Would you like to play in the milk before we 　__8__　？” Indeed, he did.After this 　__9__　， he was told that whenever he made a mess like this, 　__10__　 he had to clean it up and restore everything to its usual 　__11__　. Then, she offered him several things to 　__12__　.He decided to use the sponge to clean the milk.His mother then did an experiment asking him to carry a big bottle with two 　__13__　 hands.The little boy learned that if he 　__14__　 the bottle­with both hands－at the top near the 　__15__　， he could carry it without breaking it.What a wonderful lesson! The scientist then recalled that it was at that moment that he knew making mistakes is not terrible. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。一位科学家回忆童年时有一次打翻了牛奶，母亲没有责备或惩罚他，从这次经历中他认识到犯错误并不可怕。 1.A.spared　　　　　 B．distinguished C．freed D．rescued 解析：B　[下文语境题。根据后文“him from others”可知，报社记者问他到目前为止是什么使他与别人有区别(distinguish)。故选B。] 2．A.up to B．according to C．as to D．due to 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“an experience that occurred in his childhood”可知，他回答说，这都是因为(due to)他童年时的一次经历。故选D。] 3．A.touch B．check C．fetch D．replace 解析：C　[下文语境题。根据后文“a bottle of milk which was in the refrigerator”可知，他想去取(fetch)冰箱里的一瓶牛奶。故选C。] 4．A.slipped B．broke C．trembled D．opened 解析：A　[下文语境题。根据后文“making the milk all over the kitchen floor”可知，牛奶瓶滑落(slip)了，牛奶洒了厨房一地。故选A。] 5.A.Setting B．Witnessing C．Entering D．Ignoring 解析：B　[下文语境题。根据后文“the scene”可知，此处指母亲当场看到(witness)了这一场景。故选B。] 6.A.hand B．suggestion C．help D．lecture 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“or punish him”可知，看到这一幕，他的母亲没有对他大吼大叫，也没有教训他，也没有惩罚他。短语give sb. a lecture意为“教训某人”。故选D。] 7．A.damage B．compensation C．wrong D．deed 解析：A　[上文语境题。根据上文“making the milk all over the kitchen floor”可知，这是一场破坏(damage)。故选A。] 8．A.start B．adjust C．sweep D．participate 解析：C　[上文语境题。根据上文“Would you like to play in the milk before we”可知，母亲说：“破坏已经造成了。在我们扫(sweep)地之前，你想不想在牛奶里玩一玩？”，故选C。] 9．A.accident B．pleasure C．adventure D．discussion 解析：B　[上文语境题。结合上文“Indeed，he did.”可知，科学家把牛奶洒了，母亲没有责备他，还让他在牛奶里玩，应是在这次玩乐(pleasure)之后。故选B。] 10．A.hesitantly B．willingly C．immediately D．eventually 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“he had to clean it up”可知，在这次玩乐之后，他被告知，每当他弄得像这样一团糟时，他最终(eventually)必须把它清理干净。故选D。] 11．A.state B．shape C．post D．level 解析：A　[上文语境题。根据前面的“restore everything to its usual”可知，他最终必须把它清理干净，并把所有东西恢复到原来的状态(state)。故选A。] 12．A.pick up B．choose from C．take out D．put aside 解析：B　[上文语境题。根据上文“she offered him several things to”可知，然后，母亲给了他几样东西供他选择(choose from)。故选B。] 13．A.thin B．weak C．bare D．tiny 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“The little boy”可知，然后，他的母亲做了一个实验，让他用两只小(tiny)手拿一个大瓶子。故选D。] 14．A.brought B．removed C．grasped D．pushed 解析：C　[下文语境题。根据后文“the bottle”和“with both hands”可知，小男孩发现要用双手抓住(grasp)瓶子。故选C。] 15．A.body B．bottom C．lip D．handle 解析：C　[上文语境题。结合上文“at the top near the”可知，小男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口(lip)的地方，瓶子就不会被打破。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $