U1 -ing 和 - ed 形式作宾语补足语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 语法专版 【专题】-ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教牛津版必修3-U1中，-ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理 解（辅助理解长难句，影响信息提取准确性）。在语境分析类题目中，动词-g形式表主动或进行、 -ed形式表被动或完成的区别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本功能辨析：现在分词(-ing)表主动或进行，过去分词(ed表被动或完成的语法意义 ·动词搭配规则：接-ing作宾补的动词（如catch,kep,leave等）与接-ed作宾补的动词（如have,make, find等)的固定用法 。语境应用判断：结合上下文语境判断宾语与补足语的逻辑关系（主动/被动、进行/完成），选择正确 形式 知识点一：ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语 1.基本概念（补充说明宾语状态或动作) 1.ng形式：表主动或进行，逻辑主语为宾语 例句：I heard her singing in the room.(“singing”与宾语“her'是主动关系，表动作正在进行) 2.-ed形式：表被动或完成，逻辑主语为宾语 例句：We found the door locked..(“locked''与宾语“door'是被动关系，表状态已完成) 2.常见适用动词（感官动词/使役动词） 1.感官动词：see/hear/watch/feel/notice 例句： (I)I saw him running towards me.(-ing表主动进行) (2)She felt her hand touched gently..(-ed表被动感受) 1 高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 2.使役动词：keep/get/make/have 例句： (I)Keep the fire burning.(-ing表持续状态) (2)He had his hair cut yesterday.(-ed表被动完成) 3.语法功能对比（主动vs被动/状态vs动作） 1.主动与被动： I noticed the cat chasing the mouse.(猫主动追老鼠) →I noticed the mouse chased by the cat.(老鼠被猫追) 2.状态与动作： She found the story interesting.(-ing表事物属性“令人感兴趣的') →She looked interested in the story.(-ed表人“感到感兴趣的'，此处为表语，补充对比) 知识点二：ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语 1.-ing形式作宾语补足语（表主动、进行） l.适用动词：感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice,feel)使役动词(keep,leave,have) 2.结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+V.-ing 3.例句： (I)I saw him playing basketball in the park.(看见他正在公园打篮球，play与宾语him是主动关系， 且动作正在进行) (2)We kept the fire burning all night.(让火整夜燃烧，bum与宾语fire是主动关系，表持续进行) 2.-ed形式作宾语补足语（表被动、完成) 1.适用动词：感官动词(see,hear,find)、使役动词(have,make,get)、表示“希望、想要”的动词(want, wish) 2.结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+v.-ed 3.例句： (I)I found the door locked when I got home.(发现门被锁了，lock与宾语door是被动关系，动作已 完成) (2)she wants her room cleaned before supper.(希望房间在晚饭前被打扫千净，clean与宾语room是 被动关系) 3.区别与易错点 1.主动vs被动：宾语与补足语是主动关系用-ing(如：I heard her singing.她唱歌，主动)；是被动关 系用-ed(如：I heard the song sung.歌被唱，被动) 高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 2.进行vs完成：-ing强调动作正在进行（如：watch sb.doing sth.观看某人正在做某事）：-ed强调动 作已完成或状态（如：find sth.done发现某事已被做完） 3.例句对比： (I)He saw a cat chasing a mouse..(看见猫正在追老鼠，主动、进行) (2)He saw a mouse chased by a cat.(看见老鼠被猫追，被动、状态) 知识点三：ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语 1.-ing形式作宾语补足语（表主动/进行) 基础搭配拓展（必修3-U1重点)： 1.see sb.doing(看见某人正在做)→例句：I saw her dancing in the park just now. 2.hear sb.doing(听见某人正在做)→例句：We heard them singing loudly in the classroom, 3.watch sb.doing(观看某人正在做)→例句：They watched the workers building the house. 4.notice sb.doing(注意到某人正在做)→例句：She noticed a cat climbing the tree, 5.find sb.doing(发现某人正在做)→例句：I found him reading a novel when I came in. 6.keep sb.doing(使某人持续做)→例句：The teacher kept us waiting for half an hour. 7.catch sb.doing(撞见某人正在做)→例句：The police caught the thief stealing a wallet 8.leave sb.doing(让某人一直做)→例句：Don't leave the water running while brushing teeth. 2.-ed形式作宾语补足语（表被动/完成) 基础搭配拓展（必修3-U1重点）： 1.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I had my hair cut yesterday. 2.get sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：She got her bike repaired this morning 3.find sth.done(发现某事已完成)→例句：Hle found his homework finished by his sister. 4.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old house pulled down, 5.nake sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：The boss made the work finished before Friday. 6.keep sth.done(使某事保持被…状态)→例句：Please keep the door closed. 7.want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want the letter typed immediately. 8.notice sth.done(注意到某事被做)→例句：She noticed the windows cleaned. 3.感官动词后ing与-ed形式的区别（必修3-U1易错） 用法对比（核心考点）： 1.see sb.doing(强调动作正在进行)→例句：I saw her crossing the street.(看见她正在过马路) see sb.done(强调动作被完成)→例句：I saw the problem solved.(看见问题被解决了) 3 高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 2.hear sb.doing(强调动作正在发生)例句：We heard him speaking English.(听见他正在说英语) hear sth.done(强调动作被完成)→例句：We heard the song sung in English.(听见这首歌被用英语 演唱) 3.watch sb.doing(强调动作过程)→例句：They watched the children playing games.(观看孩子们正 在玩游戏) watch sth.done(强调被动结果)→例句：They watched the movie made in China.(观看这部中国制 造的电影) 考法精析 考法一：-ing和-ed形式作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词的属性（人/物）及逻辑关系（主动/被动），选择正确的-ing或-ed形式作定语 真题1（语法填空)： The_(excite)children are opening their Christmas presents. 答案：excited 解析：修饰人“children'',表示“感到兴奋的'，用-ed形式；excite的-ed形式为excited。 真题2（完形填空）： We are reading a very_story about space exploration. A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.interests 答案：B 解析：修饰物“stoy”,表示“令人感兴趣的”，用-ing形式：interest的-ing形式为interesting 考法二：-ing-ed形式作定语与状语辨析 核心：根据动词形式在句中修饰对象及逻辑关系，区分作定语（修饰名词）或状语（修饰句子动 词)的用法 真题1（语法填空）： The students_(excite)by the good news rushed out of the classroom. 答案：excited 解析：此处修饰名词“students”,表“感到兴奋的”，用-ed形式作前置定语；逻辑上students与excite 为被动关系（被消息使兴奋），符合-ed形式作定语修饰人的规则。 真题2（完形填空)： -(walk)along the street,I suddenly met my old classmate. A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 答案：B 解析：空格处为状语，逻辑主语“T与动作wak'是主动关系，表伴随动作，用-ing形式；A为动 词原形不可作状语，C表被动，D表目的均不符合语境。 考法三：-ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语与状语的综合辨析 高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 核心：结合语境区分-ing-ed形式作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）和状语（修饰句子/动词）的用法， 判断逻辑关系及语法功能 真题1（单项选择)： When I passed the classroom,I heard some students-English songs.Then I saw a teacher-by the door, them A.sing;stand;listening to B.singing;standing;listening to C.singing;stood,listened to D.sing;stood;listened to 答案：B 解析：第一空“hear sb.doing sth.”表主动进行，用singing:第二空“see sb.standing”表主动伴随，用 standing;第三空逗号后无连词，用-ing形式作伴随状语，主语“T'与listen是主动关系，用listening to. 真题2（语法填空）： -(walk)along the street,she noticed a little girl(cry)alone.The girl,(frighten)by the loud noise, kept_(call)for her mother. 答案：Walking;crying;frightened:calling 解析：第一空“Walking'”作状语，逻辑主语“she”与walk是主动关系；第二空“notice sb.crying”表 主动进行，用crying:第三空“frightened'作定语（表状态），修饰girl:第四空keep doing”'表持续 动作，用calling。 解题小妙招 -ing/-ed形式妙招 作定语看名词，人-ed物-ing: 作状语看主语，主动-ing被动-ed: 作宾补看逻辑，主动动作-ing,被动状态-ed; -ing表主动进行，-ed表被动完成： 牢记修饰关系清，主动被动要分明。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The teacher found the students_actively in the discussion. A.participate B.participating C.participated D.to participate 2.We were shocked by the_news that a big earthquake happened in the area. A.frighten B.frightened C.frightening D.frightens 5 高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 3.the novel,she couldn't help crying because of its sad ending. A.Reading B.Read C.To read D.Having read 4.The machine in the factory last year is now working well. A.produce B.producing C.producedD.to produce 5.My parents always keep me_hard at my lessons. A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study 6.The girl in the library is my best friend. A.reading B.read C.to read D.reads 7.-by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay for another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract 8.The story was so-that all the children listened to it_ A.interested;exciting B.interesting;excited C.interesting;exciting D.interested;excited 9.I heard my name-by someone when I was walking in the street. A.call B.calling C.called D.to call 10.carefully,the old letter was still in good condition. A.Keep B.Keeping C.Kept D.To keep 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The-(disappoint)look on her face showed she failed the exam. 2.The movie we watched last night was so_(move)that many people cried. 3._(walk)along the river,we saw many ducks swimming in the water. 4.The books(write)by this author are popular among teenagers. 5.My mother had her hair(cut)in the salon yesterday. 6.The_(surprise)news made everyone jump with joy. 7.-(hear)the good news,he couldn't help cheering loudly. 8.The children are playing games in the-(shine)sun 9.The little boy felt(frighten)when he saw the big dog. 10.I found the door_(lock)when I came back home last night. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.We saw a group of children-(play)happily on the grass.A girl(wear)a red dress was flying a kite,and her-(excite)laughter could be heard far away. Nearby,an old man sat on a bench,-(read)a newspaper.The newspaper,-(print)this morning,had 6 高中必修3-U1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 语法点精解 some interesting stories. Suddenly,it started to rain.We ran to a-(cover)area to avoid getting wet.The rain was-(surprise) heavy,but we didn't feel(disappoint)because we had a great time before.After the rain stopped,we saw a rainbow_(appear)in the sky.-(walk)back home,we talked about the wonderful day we had. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.C5B6.A7B8B9.C10.C 演练二：1.disappointed2.moving3.Walking4.written5.cut 6.surprising 7.Hearing 8.shining 9.frightened 10.locked 演练三：1.playing2.wearing3.excited4.reading5.printed 6.covered 7.surprisingly 8.disappointed 9.appearing 10.Walking 7