进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时等-2025-2026学年高中英语选修二语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】进行时（现在完成进行时、过去完 成进行时等) 语法专项突破（高中北师大版选修2-U4) 考频分析 北师大版选修2-U4中，进行时（现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等）是重要语法点，考频占时 态模块的15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、 阅读理解（辅助理解上下文语境）。在语境分析类题目中，进行时的动作持续性、未完成性及情感 色彩往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本时态结构：现在进行时(am/is/are+doing)、过去进行时(was/were+doing)、将来进行时(will be doing)的构成规则与标志性时间状语 ·完成进行时：现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)、过去完成进行时(had been doing)的动作持 续性与未完成性表达，与现在完成时、过去完成时的语境差异 。语境应用辨析：时间状语（如now,at this moment,,this time yesterday)提示的时态匹配，情景对话 中的动作正在进行、计划安排或情感色彩（如埋怨、赞赏）表达 知识点一：进行时的分类及用法 1.现在进行时（表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作）： 。构成：am/is/are+动词-ing形式 ·例句： 1.She is reading a book now.(此刻正在进行) 2.They are studying for the exam these days.(现阶段正在进行) 2.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作）： 。构成：was/were+动词-ing形式 。例句： 1 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 1.I was watching TV at8p.m.last night.（过去某一时刻) 2.They were playing football when it rained.(过去某段时间) 3.现在完成进行时（表示从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作）： ·构成：have/has been+动词-ing形式 ●例句： l.He has been working in this company for five year's.(从过去持续到现在) 2.We have been waiting for you for an hour.(动作仍在进行) 4.过去完成进行时（表示过去某时前已持续且可能继续的动作）： 。构成：had been+动词-ing形式 。例句： 1.She had been studying English before she went abroad.(过去某时前已持续) 2.They had been talking for two hours when I arrived.(过去持续的动作) 知识点二：完成进行时和被动语态 1.现在完成进行时 1.时间标志词：since+时间点（如since2020)、for+时间段（如for3 hours)、all day(一整天）、 recently(最近) 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用 have) ·例句： 1.I have been studying English for2 hours..(第一人称，用have been+-studying) 2.She has been working here since20l8.(三单主语，用has been+working) 3.被动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词(have/has been being体现”现在完成进行时'， 过去分词体现”被动”) ·例句： 1.English has been being studied by me for2 hours..(主语不可数，用has been being-+studied的 过去分词studied) 2.This project has been being worked on by her since20l8.(主语单数，用has been being+worked 的过去分词worked:work是不及物动词，需加on) 2.过去完成进行时 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 1.时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by9p.m.last night)入when+一般过去时句子（如When he called)、 for+时间段（过去）（如for5days) 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+had been+动词现在分词(doing)(无单复数变化，统一用had been) 。例句： 1.He had been waiting for 30 minutes when the bus finally came.(had been+waiting;came 过去时) 2.They had been living in this city for 10 years before they moved.(had been+living:moved 般过去时) 3.被动语态： ·结构：主语+had been being+动词过去分词(had been being体现”过去完成进行时'，过去分词 体现”被动”) ·例句： 1.The guests had been being served by the waiter for 15 minutes when the manager arrived. 复数，用had been being+-served的过去分词served) 2.The house had been being repaired by workers for a week before the storm hit.(主语单数，用had been being+repaired的过去分词repaired) 知识点三：进行时 1.现在完成进行时 结构：have/has been+动词-ing形式 用法拓展（高中核心）： l.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，且仍在进行中→例句：She has been studying English for three hours and she is still reading 2.强调动作的持续性或重复性带来的影响一→例句：I have been waiting for the bus for20 minutes,. but it hasn't come yet. 3.用于解释当前的状态或结果→例句：His eyes are red because he has been crying. 时间状语标志（高频考点）： l.since+过去时间点→例句：They have been living here since20l0. 2.for+时间段→例句：We have been working on the project for a week. 3.recently/lately→例句：She has been practicing the piano a lot recently.. 2.过去完成进行时 3 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 结构：had been+动词-ing形式 用法拓展（高中重点）： l.表示在过去某一动作之前开始并持续到该过去动作的动作→例句：When I arrived,they had been playing football for an hour. 2.强调过去持续动作对过去某时刻的影响或结果→例句：He was tired because he had been work- ing all day. 3.描述过去反复发生的动作→例句：She told me she had been trying to call me all morning 常见语境搭配（易错点）： l.与by+过去时间点连用一例句：By the end of last month,we had been learning this unit for two weeks 2.用于宾语从句中→例句：He said he had been waiting for us since8o'clock. 3.与when/before等引导的时间状语从句连用一例句：Before the rain stopped,.it had been pouring for three hours. 3.现在进行时与过去进行时对比 现在进行时(am/is/are+动词-ing): l.表示现在正在进行的动作→例句：Look!They are playing basketball on the playground, 2.表示现阶段暂时的动作→例句：She is studying French this semester. 过去进行时(was/were+动词-ing): l.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作→例句：I was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday 2.描述过去背景，与一般过去时连用→例句：While I was reading,the phone rang. 时态转换对比（语法填空常考）： l.现在进行时变过去进行时：He is writing a letter..→He was writing a letter at this time yesterday. 2.现在完成进行时与过去完成进行时转换：She has been teaching for 10 years.→She said she had been teaching for 10 years by then. 考法精析 考法一：进行时基础构成判断 4 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 核心：根据不同进行时的定义，识别正确的时态构成形式 真题1（语法填空)： They-(play)basketball on the playground when it started to rain 答案：were playing 解析：由语境”开始下雨时正在打篮球”可知，动作在过去某时刻正在进行，用过去进行时；主语 为复数，be动词用were,play的现在分词为playing。 真题2（单项选择）： She_in this school since 2018 and she still loves teaching here. A.works B.worked C.is working D.has been working 答案：D 解析：由时间标志词”since2018”及”still loves”可知，动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在 完成进行时，结构为has been+动词-ing形式。 考法二：进行时与一般时态的对比应用 核心：根据语境判断动作的持续性、临时性或常态性，区分进行时与一般时态的用法差异 真题1（语法填空)： She _(always lose)her keys,which makes her mother very angry. 答案：is always losing 解析：由”ways”和后半句表抱怨的语境可知，此处需用现在进行时表情感色彩（抱怨），结构 为'am/is/are+always+动词-ing”,主语为三单，be动词用is。 真题2（单项选择)： I TV when the doorbell rang last night. A watch B watched C was watching D am watching 答案：C 解析：由"when the doorbell rang”可知，”看电视”是过去某时刻正在进行的背景动作，需用过去进 行时，结构为”was/were+动词-ing”,主语为I,be动词用was。 考法三：进行时与被动语态的综合应用 核心：结合时间标志词判断进行时的时态（现在完成进行时/过去完成进行时），并根据动作承受者 确定被动语态结构(have/has been being+过去分词had been being+过去分词) 真题1（单项选择)： The project-by our team for two weeks when the manager checked our progress yesterday. A.has been worked on B.had been being worked on C.is being worked on D.was worked on 5 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词for two weeks”和'when the manager checked(一般过去时)”可知，动作 在”checked'前已持续进行，需用过去完成进行时：主语'the project'是动作'work on”的承受者，用 被动语态，结构为"had been being+过去分词'，work的过去分词为worked。 真题2（语法填空）： This novel(translate)into three languages since 2020 and the work is still going on 答案：has been being translated 解析：由时间标志词'since2020'和'still going on”可知，动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，需用 现在完成进行时；主语'this novel'”是动作translate'”的承受者，用被动语态，结构为has been being +过去分词”，translate的过去分词为translated。. 解题小妙招 进行时态看标志，since when常相伴： 过去某刻正发生，过去进行要牢记： 现在完成进行时，动作持续到现在： by the time加过去，过去完成进行时： always伴随抱怨意，现在进行表情感； 进行结构be doing,be动词形随时间变。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My sister_in Paris this summer,but she'll return to London next month. A.works B.worked C.is working D.has worked 2.When I arrived at the station,the train and I missed it. A.leaves B.left C.was leaving D.has left 3.-Why are you so sweaty? -Ibasketball with my friends for two hours. A.play B.played C.am playing D.have been playing 4.She-to call her mother,but her phone suddenly died A.goes B.went C.was going D.has gone 5.By the time we reached the cinema,the filmfor 10 minutes. A.starts B.started C.was starting D.had been starting 6.Healways_his room without being asked-what a good boy! A.is,tidying B.was,tidying C.has;tidied D.will;tidy 6 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 7.I_a novel when my little brother rushed into the room yesterday. A.read B.was reading C.have read D.am reading 8.The workers_the road all week,so we have to take a detour. A.repair B.repaired C.are repairing D.have been repairing 9.-Is Tom at home? -No,he in the library since 9 a.m.He'll be back soon. A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has been studying 10.They-the project for three months before they finally got approval A.discuss B.discussed C.were discussing D.had been discussing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My parents-(travel)around Europe these days and they'll be back next week. 2.She_(always forget)to lock the door,which makes her roommates angry. 3.I(do)homework when the power went out last night. 4.The children_(play)in the park for hours,so they look exhausted now. 5.By the time the police arrived,the thieves(escape)through the back door. 6.He_(plan)to start his own business,but the economic crisis changed his mind. 7.The teacher_(explain)the grammar rule when a student raised her hand. 8.We_(wait)for the bus for 40 minutes,and it still hasn't come. 9.The old man_(walk)his dog every morning,but he(jog)this week for a change. 10.She_(constantly help)her classmates with math problems,so everyone admires her. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last month,I decided to visit my grandparents in the countryside.I-(drive)for two hours when my car suddenly stopped.I(check)the engine,but I couldn't find the problem.Luckily,a farmer_(pass)by and offered to help.He saidhe-(repair)cars for over 20 years,so he might know what was wrong. While we_(work)on the car,my phone rang.It was my grandma.She _(worry)because I was late.I told her I_(have)car trouble but would arrive soon.The farmer finally fixed the car,and I thanked him repeatedly.He laughed and said,You're welcome-I(help)strangers like this all my life!" When I arrived,grandma_(cook)dinner.She said she(prepare)my favorite dishes since noon.That night,as I ate the delicious meal,I realized how lucky I was to meet such kind people. 7 高中选修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 U4知识点全解 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.C3D4.C5.D6.A7B8.D9D10D 1.are traveling 2.is always forgetting 3.was doing 4.have been playing 5.had escaped 6.was planning 7.was explaining 8.have been waiting 9.walks;is jogging 10.is constantly helping 1.had been driving 2.checked 3.was passing 4.had been repairing 5.were working 6.was worrying 7.was having 8.have been helping 9.was cooking 10.had been preparing