动词 - ing 和 - ed 形式-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 必修3-U8知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】动词-ing和-ed形式 语法专项突破 考频分析 北师大版必修3-U8中，动词-ig和-ed形式是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词-ig和-ed形式作定语、状语及表语的用 法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·句法功能辨析：作定语时-ing形式表主动/进行、-ed形式表被动/完成的区别：作表语时-ing形式修 饰物、-d形式修饰人的语义差异：作宾语补足语时与宾语的主动/被动关系判断。 ·固定搭配与语境：接-ing形式作宾语的动词（如enjoy,.avoid,suggest)和接-ed形式作宾语补足语的 动词（如have,make,find)的固定用法：介词后接-ing形式的规则（如be interested in,.succeed in)。 ·非谓语作状语：-ig形式（表主动/伴随）与-ed形式（表被动/完成）作时间、原因、伴随状语的语 境匹配；独立主格结构中-ing/-ed形式的逻辑主语一致性。 知识点一：动词-ing和-ed形式的语法功能及用法 1.作定语（修饰名词） 1.-ing形式（表主动/进行）： 。a running boy(正在跑步的男孩) ·an interesting story(令人感兴趣的故事) ·例句：(I)The falling leaves are beautiful in autumn.(falling修饰leaves,.表主动进行)(2)Ireceived a letter written in English.(written修饰letter,表被动完成) 2.-ed形式（表被动/完成)： ·a broken cup(破碎的杯子) ·a closed door(关着的门) 1 高中北师大版 【语法专版】必修3-U8知识点全解 2.作表语（位于系动词后) 1.ng形式（主语具有的性质，意为“令人…的”）： ●The game is exciting.(比赛令人兴奋) ·例句：(I)The movie is boring.(boring表电影的性质) 2.ed形式（主语的感受，意为“感到…的")： ·We are excited about the game.(我们对比赛感到兴奋) 。例句：(2)She felt bored after watching it..(bored表她的感受) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语） 1.-ng形式（宾语主动进行的动作）： ·I heard her singing in the room.(singing补充说明her主动进行的动作) ●例句：(I)The teacher kept the students reading.(reading表students主动进行) 2.-ed形式（宾语被动承受的动作）： ·We found the room cleaned.(cleaned补充说明room被动完成的动作) 。例句：(2)He had his hair cut yesterday.(cut表hair被动承受) 4.作状语（修饰谓语动词或整个句子) 1.ing形式（表主动、伴随、时间等，逻辑主语是句子主语）： ·Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(walking表主动伴随，逻辑主语是I) ·例句：(I)Having finished homework,.he went out to play.(having finished表主动完成，作时间状 语) 2.-ed形式（表被动、完成、原因等，逻辑主语是句子主语)： 。Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(seen表被动，逻辑主语是the city) ·例句：(2)Encouraged by her parents,.she kept trying.(encouraged表被动原因，作原因状语) 知识点二：动词-ing和-ed形式的用法 1.作定语（修饰名词) 1.ng形式（主动、进行）： ·含义：表示被修饰名词“主动发出”的动作，或动作“正在进行” 2 高中北师大版 【语法专版】必修3-U8知识点全解 ·例句：(I)a running boy(正在跑步的男孩，boy主动发出un的动作)(2)the rising sun(冉冉升 起的太阳，un主动发出ise的动作，且动作正在进行) 2.-ed形式（被动、完成）： 。含义：表示被修饰名词“被动承受”的动作，或动作“已完成” ·例句：(I)a broken window(被打破的窗户，window被动承受break的动作，且动作已完成)(2) the fallen leaves(落叶，leaves被动承受fall的动作，且动作已完成) 2.作表语（位于系动词后，说明主语状态/特征） 1.ng形式（主语具有的性质，令人)： 。含义：表示主语的性质或特征，意为“令人的”，主语多为事物 。例句：(I)The movie is interesting.(这部电影很有趣，电影具有“令人感兴趣”的性质)(2)The story sounds exciting.(这个故事听起来很刺激，故事具有“令人兴奋”的特征) 2.-ed形式（主语的感受，感到.…)： 。含义：表示主语的感受，意为“感到的”，主语多为人 ·例句：(I)I am interested in the movie.(我对这部电影感兴趣，“我”感到兴趣)(2)She was excited to hear the news..(她听到这个消息很兴奋，“她”感到兴奋) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.ng形式（主动、进行)： 。含义：表示宾语“主动发出”的动作，且动作“正在进行” 。例句：(I)I heard her singing in the room.(我听见她正在房间里唱歌，her主动发出sing的动作， 且动作正在进行)(2)We saw the children playing games.(我们看见孩子们正在玩游戏，children 主动发出play的动作，且动作正在进行) 2.-ed形式（被动、完成）： ·含义：表示宾语“被动承受”的动作，或动作“已完成” 。例句：(I)I found the door locked.(我发现门被锁了，door被动承受lock的动作，且动作已完成) (2)He had his hair cut yesterday.(他昨天剪了头发，hair被动承受cut的动作，且动作已完成) 4.作状语（修饰句子谓语动词，表时间、原因、伴随等） 1.ng形式（主动关系，与主语是主谓关系）： ·含义：分词动作与句子主语是“主动”关系，即主语是分词动作的发出者 ·例句：(I)Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。I主动 发出walk的动作，walk与met同时发生，表时间/伴随)(2)Being ill,he didn't go to school.(因 为生病了，他没去上学。he主动承受ll的状态，表原因) 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 必修3-U8知识点全解 2.-d形式（被动关系，与主语是动宾关系)： ·含义：分词动作与句子主语是“被动”关系，即主语是分词动作的承受者 。例句：(I)Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很美。city被动承受see 的动作，表条件/方式)(2)Encouraged by her parents,.she decided to try again.(受到父母的鼓励， 她决定再试一次。she被动承受encourage的动作，表原因) 知识点三：动词-ing和-ed形式作定语/表语/补语 1.动词-ing形式（现在分词） 1.作定语（表示主动/进行）： ·单个分词前置：a running boy（正在跑步的男孩)→例句：The running water is very clear.. 。短语后置：a girl singing a song(（正在唱歌的女孩)→例句：I know the girl dancing in the park. 2.作表语（表示主语的特征/性质)： 。主语是物：The movie is exciting.(这部电影很令人兴奋。) ·主语是人：He is interesting.(他很有趣。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作)： ·see sb.doing(看见某人正在做)一例句：I saw her reading in the library just now 。hear sb.doing(听见某人正在做)→例句：We heard them talking loudly in the next room. 2.动词-ed形式（过去分词） 1.作定语（表示被动/完成)： 。单个分词前置：a broken window(被打破的窗户)→例句：She bought a used car last week 。短语后置：a letter written in English(一封用英语写的信)→例句：I like the book written by Lu Xun. 2.作表语（表示主语的状态/感受）： ·主语是人：She is excited about the news.(她对这个消息感到兴奋。) ·主语是物：The glass is broken.(杯子碎了。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的状态)： ·have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：My mother had her hair cut yesterday. ·keep sth.done(使某物保持某种状态)一→例句：Please keep the door closed, 4 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 必修3-U8知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：作定语时-ing和-ed形式的区分 核心：通过逻辑关系判断被修饰名词是动作的发出者（主动→-ing)还是承受者（被动→-ed) 真题1（语法填空)： The(break)window was repaired by the worker yesterday. 答案：broken 解析：window是break动作的承受者（被动关系），故用-ed形式broken作定语，表“被打碎的”。 真题2（完形填空）： We were all attracted by the_(interest)story told by the teacher. A.interest B.interesting C.interested D.interests 答案：B 解析：stoy是“令人感兴趣的”事物，用-ing形式interesting作定语，表主动性质；interested修饰 人，不符合此处逻辑。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语的逻辑关系与时态综合判断 核心：结合逻辑主语一致性判断主动/被动关系，同时区分非谓语动词的一般式与完成式 真题1（语法填空)： (finish)the project ahead of schedule,they decided to have a celebration party. 答案：Having finished 解析：空格作状语，逻辑主语是thy,主动关系：“完成项目”发生在“决定庆祝”之前，用-ing完 成式表主动先于谓语，finish的现在分词完成式为Having finished。. 真题2（完形填空)： -by the heavy rain,we had to stay in the hotel for another day. A.Stopping B.Stopped C.To stop D.Having stopped 答案：B 解析：空格作状语，逻辑主语是we,“被大雨阻止”为被动关系，用-ed形式表被动完成，stop的过 去分词为Stopped。 考法三：动词-ing和-ed形式作定语和状语的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断被修饰名词与动作的主被动关系及动作状态（进行/完成），区分-ig(主动/进 行)和-ed(被动/完成)在定语和状语中的用法 真题1（单项选择）： 5 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 必修3-U8知识点全解 in the street,the girl found a wallet lying on the ground. A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 答案：B 解析：句子主语the girl是动作walk的发出者，二者为主动关系，用-ing形式作状语表伴随：A是 动词原形不能作状语，C表被动关系不符合，D表将来目的与语境不符。 真题2（语法填空）： The_(break)window was repaired by my father yesterday.A_(sleep)child needs quiet environment. 答案：broken:sleeping 解析：第一空window是break的承受者且动作已完成，用-ed形式broken作定语：第二空child是 sleep的发出者且动作正在进行，用-ing形式sleeping作定语表主动进行。 解题小妙招 非谓语解题妙招 非谓形式看成分，定语状语辨分明： 逻辑关系先判断，主动用ing被动ed: 时间先后要理清，先前完成用having done: todo常表将来意，目的结果或未然： -ing持续或主动，-ed完成或被动： 感官使役要注意，主动-ing被动ed: 综合辨析看语境，成分关系时间清。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Thechildren are opening their Christmas presents with great joy. A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.excites 2.the novel for three hours,she decided to take a break. A.Reading B.Having read C.Read D.To read 3.I remember-this song before,but I can't recall where. A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 4.The teacher found a student_in the exam and punished him. A.cheat B.cheating C.cheated D.to cheat 5.-from the top of the mountain,the village looks like a painting. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 6 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 必修3U8知识点全解 6.He tried the door,but it was locked. A.open B.opening C.to open D.opened 7.The_news made everyone in the room silent. A.shock B.shocking C.shocked D.shocks 8.by his words,she began to believe in herself again. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.Encourage D.To encourage 9.Don't forget-the lights before leaving the classroom. A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off 10.in the rain for hours,he caught a bad cold. A.Stand B.Standing C.Stood D.Having stood 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The_(break)vase was thrown into the trash can. 2.She sat by the window,_(watch)the sunset quietly. 3.The teacher asked us to keep_(read)the text aloud. 4.-(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation. 5.The _(interest)movie attracted thousands of viewers. 6.-(finish)her homework,Mary went to help her mom cook. 7.The boy was found(hide)behind the door. 8.(inspire)by her story,we decided to work harder. 9.I have a friend(live)in London. 10.The(fall)snow covered the entire street in white. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Passage _(walk)through the park one afternoon,I noticed a group of children-(play)under a big tree.They were laughing loudly,_(hold)colorful balloons.A(smile)old man sat on a bench nearby,(watch) them with joy.Suddenly,a balloon flew away,and a little girl started crying.The old man stood up (help)her.He told her a-(fun)story,which made her stop crying.-(touch)by his kindness,I walked over and joined them.Together,we tried(catch)the balloon,but it was already gone.However,the girl' s_(cheer)face showed she had forgotten her sadness. 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 必修3-U8知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.B8B9.C10.D 1.broken 2.watching 3.reading 4.Not knowing 5.interesting 6.Having finished 7.hiding 8.Inspired 9.living 10.falling 1.Walking 2.playing 3.holding 4.smiling 5.watching 6.to help 7.funny 8.Touched 9.to catch 10.cheerful P