UNIT 8 SECTION Ⅱ LESSON 1 ROOTS AND SHOOTS-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义围绕环保主题“Roots and Shoots”展开，核心知识点涵盖词汇（如root, shoot, institute等）、短语（如take action, be committed to等）及语法（what引导的名词性从句、while引导的时间状语从句），梳理从“Just-me-ism”现象分析到组织创立背景、理念阐释再到行动呼吁的逻辑脉络，配套阅读题、语法填空等学习支架。 该资料以Jane Goodall环保实践为真实情境，通过词汇拓展、语法解析提升语言能力，借助“个体行动与集体影响”的探讨培养文化意识中的人类命运共同体意识，设计问题链引导学生分析现象、判断价值以发展思维品质。课中辅助互动教学，课后通过分层练习助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

SECTION Ⅱ　 LESSON 1　ROOTS AND SHOOTS [教材原文] ROOTS & SHOOTS Most people suffer from what is known as “Just­me­ism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what ? “What difference can it possibly make ？” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road？And anyway, no one will know.”Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves ：“It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.”Millions of gallons of water would be wasted；millions of lights would be left on；millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established. This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best­known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to her research, she has been whole­heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre­schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature. The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your friends and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in. Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag its tail，and when you water a thirsty plant？One cheered­up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant.Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters . Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.”You get to choose：Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart? Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent. It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world. —Jane Goodall [汉语译文] 很多人都有所谓的“以自我为中心(Just­me­ism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么影响呢？”你对自己说，“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头，一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说：“没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(gallon)的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块的垃圾。而这些都是非常有害的。 为了激励年轻人行动(take action)起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。 这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(foundation)，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all around the world)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。 当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以进行选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。 正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与(involve)其中，这将改变世界。 ——珍·古道尔 ●基础单词 1．　root　 n．树根 2．　shoot　 n．芽，苗；嫩枝 ；射中；射击 3．　just­me­ism　 n．以自我为中心；唯我主义 4．　institute　 n．机构；研究院 5．　foundation　 n．基础；地基 6．　brick　 n．砖块，砖 7．　gallon　 n．加仑 8．　wag　 vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴) ●拓展单词 1．　bothered　 adj.担心的；烦恼的→　bother　 vt.打扰；vi.操心；n.烦扰 2．　involve　 vt.包括→　involvement　 n．连累； 包含；参与→　involved　 adj.参与的，有关联的 3．　firm　 adj.牢固的，稳固的→　firmly　 adv.牢固地 1．　suffer_from　 因……而遭受痛苦 2．　leave...doing_sth.　让/使一直做某事 3．　be_bothered_to_do_sth.　花时间/精力做某事 4．　say_to_oneself　 自言自语；心里想 5．　take_action　采取行动 6．　in_the_early_1990s　 在二十世纪九十年代初 7．　be_committed_to　致力于，献身于 8．　live_in_peace_with　 与……和平相处 9．　make_a_difference　 有影响，有关系，起作用 10．　make_a_contribution_to　 对……做出贡献 1．what引导的名词性从句，作宾语。 Most people suffer from what is known as “Justme­ism”． 大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。 2．while引导时间状语从句。 ...say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth... 比如说你刷牙的时候让水龙头一直开着…… Ⅰ.Read the text and finish the following exercises. 1．What is not “Just­me­ism”？ A．Leave the tap running while you brush your teeth. B．Leave a light burning when you go out. C．Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. D．Turn off the light when you go out. 2．When was Roots & Shoots established? A．In the early 1980s. B．In the late 1980s. C．In the early 1990s. D．In the late 1990s. 3．Who is Jane Goodall? A．A scientist who's the world's best­known expert on wild chimpanzees. B．A scientist who's the world's best­known expert on wild monkeys. C．A scientist who's the world's best­known expert on wild tigers. D．A scientist who's the world's best­known expert on wild wolves. 4．What's the purpose of Roots & Shoots? A．To educate old people. B．To educate young people. C．To educate middle­aged people. D．To educate children. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．Every individual doesn't matter. B．Every individual can make a difference to the world. C．Only a few people suffer from “Just­me­ism”． D．People can't live together in peace with nature. 答案：1.D　2.C　3.A　4.B　5.B Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text. Roots & Shoots The ①　time　 of its establishment In the early 1990s. The ②　founder　 Dr.Jane Goodall. The purpose ③　To_educate_young_people　，from pre­schoolers to university students. The meaning of its name Roots ④　move_slowly　 under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can ⑤　break_open　 brick walls to reach the light.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about：The ⑥　value_and_importance　 of each individual—human，animal or plant.Every individual ⑦　matters　.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual ⑧　makes_a_difference　. 1．shoot n．芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v．射击；射中；拍摄；飞驰 take a shoot at 朝……射击 shoot at 朝……射击；向……开枪 ◆[经典佳句] 　The hunter took a shoot at the deer in the distance. 猎手向远处的那头鹿开了枪。 The new soldier shot at the target，but missed it again. 这个新兵向靶子射击，但又没有射中。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 写出下列句中shoot的含义 ①He shot the arrow from the bow(弓)．　射击　 ②The movie was shot in black and white.　拍摄　 ③The boy shot along the street on his bike.　飞驰　 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 一句多译 刚才，那位猎人朝一头野猪射击，但是没有射中。 ④Just now，the hunter 　took_a_shoot_at　 a wild pig，but missed it. ＝Just now，the hunter 　shot_at　 a wild pig，but missed it. 2．suffer from因……而遭受痛苦 　(1)不及物动词的用法： suffer from (2)及物动词的用法： suffer (3)suffering n．痛苦/受苦 ◆[经典佳句] 　For example，people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases. 例如，经常锻炼的人患许多疾病的概率较低。 The company suffered huge losses last year. 公司去年出现巨额亏损。 His schoolwork is suffering because of family problems. 由于家庭问题，他的学业日渐退步。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Even though he suffered 　from　 a lot of difficulties，he never gave in. ②We are concerned about the people 　suffering　 (suffer)from the flood. ③People settling in this area suffer 　from　 a number of problems. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④If a neighbour 　suffers_an_illness　(生病)，offer to do the grocery shopping. 3．not be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 (1)bother about 烦恼 bother sb.to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 bother to do sth.费心做某事 (not) bother doing sth.麻烦做某事/懒得做某事 bother sb.with/about sth.用某事麻烦某人 (2)can't be bothered about对……无所谓 can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 (3)It bothers sb.to do sth./that...做某事/……让某人心烦 (4)Why bother？何必那么麻烦？ ◆[经典佳句] 　Don't bother to get dinner for me. 请不必费心为我做饭了。 I'm sorry that I have to bother you with/about this problem. 对不起，我要用这个问题来麻烦你了。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①He 　can't_be_bothered_to_say/don't_bother_saying　 hello. 他连打声招呼都不肯。 ②Don　　't 　bother_him_with/about　 it now; he's very busy. 现在不要拿这个去打扰他，他很忙。 ③You 　needn't_bother_to　 come up. 你不必费心来了。　　 ④ 　Why_bother　(何必那么麻烦)？We can stay at home and watch films online. ⑤I'm in bad mood and 　can't_be_bothered_to_go_to　(懒得去) the party.　　 4．take action采取行动 (1)take steps/measures 采取措施 take a risk 冒风险 take a chance 碰运气 take effect 生效；起作用 take advantage of 利用 (2)in action在运转；在活动中 out of action不能工作；停止运转；失去作用 bring...into action使……生效 ◆[经典佳句] 　They took a risk in driving on，in spite of the storm. 尽管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险开车赶路。 The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法律从明天起生效。 We should take measures/steps to keep air and water clean. 我们应该采取措施保持空气和水的清洁。 The rules will be brought into action next week. 章程从下星期开始生效。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①I usually 　take_advantage_of_every_opportunity　 to practise my spoken English. 我经常利用一切机会练习英语口语。 ②Shall we 　take_a_risk　 or play it safe? 我们是该冒险呢还是稳妥行事？ ③The ban is to 　take_effect/be_brought_into_action　 in six months. 该禁令六个月后生效。 ④They were trapped when the lift went 　out_of_action　. 电梯出故障时，他们被困住了。 5．be committed to 致力于；献身于 　(1)commit vt.承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间) vi.全身心投入；忠于 commit a crime 犯罪 commit murder 犯谋杀罪 commit suicide 自杀 commit oneself to(doing)sth.承诺/保证(做)某事 (2)commitment n．承诺，许诺；献身，投入，花费 make a commitment (to do sth.)承诺(做某事) (3)committed adj.忠诚的，坚定的 ◆[经典佳句] 　He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black. 他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。 He didn't commit himself to anything. 他没有做任何承诺。 Some people commit crimes out of ignorance. 有些人出于无知而犯罪。 If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment. 如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①This government is committed 　to　 extending parental choice in education. ②I was impressed by the energy and 　commitment　(commit)shown by the players. ③Both sides committed themselves to 　settling　(settle)the dispute peacefully. ④The minister 　is_committed　(commit)to promoting the development and use of public transportation. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤He 　made_a_commitment　(承诺)to pay the rent on time. ⑥He 　committed_himself_to　(致力于)the cause of modernising the country's industry. 6．firm adj.坚实的；稳固的；严格的 n．公司；商行 　(1)a firm bed 结实的床 be firm with 对……要求严格 (2)a firm of accountants 会计事务所 an engineering firm 工程公司 (3)firmly adv.牢牢地；坚定地 ◆[经典佳句] 　The handshake was firm and cool. 那次握手有力而冷静。 He kept a firm hold on her hand as he helped her across the river. 他在帮她过河时紧紧地抓住她的手。 I knew he worked for a security firm. 我知道他在为一家安保公司工作。 The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut. 前门被锁，所有的窗户都牢牢地关着。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Several new 　firms　(firm)have now entered the market. ②He 　firmly　(firm)believes that education can change everything. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③Parents 　must_be_firm_with　(对……一定要严格)their children. ④Diana and Laura 　have_been__firm_friends　(一直是忠实的朋友)since then. 7．make a difference有影响，有关系，起作用 　(1)make a big difference to对……有很大的影响/作用 make no difference to 对……没有影响/没有作用 make some difference to 对……有些影响/关系/作用 (2)tell the difference 分辨，区分，区别 tell the difference between A and B区分A和B ◆[经典佳句] 　Whatever you can do can make a difference. 无论你能做什么，都会有影响。 Some of the simplest things can make the biggest difference. 一些最简单的事情能产生很大的影响。 Flowers make no difference to this room. 花在这个房间里不起作用。 It makes no difference to me whether he comes or not. 他是否来对我来说没什么影响。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①If we combine our efforts，we can make 　a　 difference. ②This convention makes no difference 　to　 the results. ③　It　 makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow. ④It makes no difference to him 　whether　 he enters university or not. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤Whatever she says will not 　make_any_difference_to　(对……有任何影响)our arrangements. 8．involve vt.参与；包含 (1)involve doing sth.包括/需要做某事 involve sb.in sth.把某人卷入某事中 (2) be involved in doing sth.专心做某事 be/get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联 be involved with sb.涉及；与……有关联 (3)involvement n．卷入；牵连；参与 ◆[经典佳句] 　Don't involve me in your quarrel! 不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！ He was involved in reading the novel all morning. 他整个早上都在专心读小说。 Nobody in my life really wants to be involved with me. 在我的生命中，没有一个人真正想融入我的生活。 He spoke honestly about his involvement in the affair. 他直言不讳地说他与该事情有牵连。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He was involved 　in　 working out a plan. ②So why do you continue to be involved 　with　 these people? ③Don't involve me in 　solving　 (solve) your problem. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④I 　seem_to_have_involved_myself_in　(似乎已经将自己卷入了) something I don't understand. (教材P31)Most people suffer from what is known as “Just­me­ism”． 大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。 　[句式结构]　what is known as “Just­me­ism”为what引导的名词性从句，在句中作宾语。 ◆[规律总结] (1)what常用来引导名词性从句， 即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句， 从句用陈述语序。 (2)what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语或表语。 ◆[经典佳句] 　What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(主语从句) Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你买的东西给我看一下吗？(宾语从句) Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. 玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。(表语从句) I have no idea what we should do next. 我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(同位语从句) ◆[名师点津] that引导名词性从句时，that 在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用，一般不可省略(宾语从句除外)。 That our team won the game made us very happy. 我们队赢得了比赛，这使我们很开心。(主语从句) ◆[误区规避] 　语法填空： She doesn't know 　________　her husband has got involved in. (可能失误)填that (正确表达)填what (错误分析)从句中介词in后缺少宾语，因此填代词what。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Before the sales start，I make a list of 　what　 my kids will need for the coming season. ②　What　 parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. ③There is no evidence 　that　 there is life on any other planet in the solar system. ④The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for 　what　 seemed like hours. ⑤The boy believes 　that　 he will travel through space to other planets. [基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Respects and friendship provide a solid 　foundation　(基础)for marriage. 2．Tree 　roots　(根，树根)near a house can cause damage to it. 3．The police came around the corner and started 　shooting　(射击)at the mad cow. 4．The young graduate has just found a job in a research 　institute　(机构，研究院)． 5．The job 　involves　(使参与)me travelling all over the world. 6．During summer vocation，my friend always works hard，moving 　bricks　(砖，砖块)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The question is why he bothered 　to_make　 (make) the speech at all. 2．Polluted air and water are harmful 　to　 people's health. 3．Thank you for being firm 　with　 me while I went through my rebellion(逆反) stage. 4．All the people 　involved　 (involve) in this case must be present. 5．I patted the dog and she 　wagged　 (wag) her tail. 6．It sells flowers 　from　 all around the world. 7．He drinks 　what　 is left in his glass as if it were water. 8．The strange noise made the little girl 　frightened　 (frighten)． 9．I volunteer because I want to not just see the world，but make 　a　 difference in it. 10．What he said suggested 　that　 he was lying. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．All of us have to 　take_action　 (采取行动) to protect our living environment. 2．If you can't 　be_bothered_to　 (没兴趣做) do that，you can't be bothered to pay attention. 3．We're sure you'll 　be_known_as　 (作为……而出名) an artist. 4．　In_addition_to　 (除……之外) giving me some advice，he gave me some money. 5．I want to do what I can to 　make_a_difference　 (起作用)． 6．He always goes to sleep，　leaving_the_light_on　(开着灯)． [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When an empty parking spot appears before us, many of us would see it for what it is—a place that could be filled with cars and trucks. But to eco­engineer Shubhendu Sharma, it's a space to be planted with trees and turned into a forest. What's more, he believes these tiny forests can grow anywhere, including our most crowded and polluted cities where 　they　 can help maintain clean air and water and provide habitat for animals and insects. “A forest is not an isolated piece of land where animals live together，”says Sharma. “A forest can be a complete part of our urban existence.”Most of us know just how important trees are to our health and to the planet.Yet millions of hectares of forest are cleared every year due to farming, ranching, logging and construction.The World Wildlife Fund estimates that 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest and surrounding ecosystems have already been lost. Inspired by the work of Japanese scientist Akira Miyawaki, Sharma built a forest in the backyard of his family's home in northern India in 2010. He planted 100 young trees in the 75­square­metre plot. They grew and a dozen species of birds came to check them out.The plantings created welcome shade, and their roots were able to absorb even the abundant monsoon (季风) rains. After a year, he had his own forest. Since then，Sharma has founded a company called Afforestt. Its top priority is to bring back natural forests to places where they no longer exist. So far, Afforestt has planted 144 forests in 45 cities around the world. Sharma has shown you can take a space—the size of six or seven parking spots and create a forest with 100 trees. Ready to create your own tiny forest? If your answer is yes, let's follow Sharma's 5­step procedures to grow our own forests. 1. What may ordinary people regard a parking spot as? A．A place for parking vehicles. B．A place for planting trees. C．A place for building houses. D．A place for producing cars and trucks. 2．What does the underlined word“they”refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Cities. B．Forests. C．Air and water. D．Animals and insects. 3．How many trees has Afforestt planted? A．45.　　　　　 B．144. C．224. D．14,400. 4．What will be talked about in the following paragraphs? A．How to create a forest. B．Why we should plant trees. C．What kind of forest we need. D．Who will follow the steps. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位生态工程学家意识到森林对生态环境至关重要后，就在小块的土地上植树造林，产生了很好的生态效果。而后他创立公司致力于种树来保护环境。 1．A　[细节理解题。由文章第一段中的When an empty parking spot appears before us...a place that could be filled with cars and trucks.可知，大部分人会把空着的停车点当作停放汽车的场所。故选A。] 2．B　[词义猜测题。由文章第二段中的What's more，he believes these tiny forests can grow anywhere，including our most crowded and polluted cities where they can help maintain clean air and water and provide habitat for animals and insects.可知，微小森林可以帮助维持空气清洁和水清洁等，they代指其前出现的复数名词forests。故选B。] 3．D　[细节理解题。由最后一段中的So far，Afforestt has planted 144 forests和Sharma has shown you can take a space—the size of six or seven parking spots and create a forest with 100 trees.可知，到目前为止，Afforestt已经种了144片森林。每片森林有100棵树，所以Afforestt已经种了14,400棵树。故选D。] 4．A　[推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Ready to create your own tiny forest？If your answer is yes，let's follow Sharma's 5­step procedures to grow our own forests.可知，接下来的段落会介绍培育森林的方法。故选A。] B In recent times, with the advent of electric cars, the idea of fueling them with solar energy also gained momentum. Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don't use fossil fuels—are still NOT GREEN！People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuels means “green”which is kind of absurd, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! However, what if your car had solar panels that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine！Basically，as much as we would like to incorporate this energy source into our car，the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfilment of different criteria. Firstly，solar panels occupy a large amount of area. An average car has an area of 10—25 square feet on the roof，which can generate between 50—150W under ideal conditions. This is hardly enough power to light a bulb! Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. Cars must work in all weather conditions, so if a solar panel limits the car's functionality, it becomes practically useless. More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun's energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide. Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car.While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity. Solar­powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter”for this alternative and sustainable option! 5．Why aren't electric cars environmentally friendly? A．They won't work as well as the common cars. B．They are not powered by solar energy. C．They run on electricity produced by burning fuels. D. The cause more pollution to the world. 6．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Temperatures have little effect on solar panels. B．Powering the electronics costs little. C．A car's roof generates enough power to light a bulb. D．The performance of current solar panels depends on various factors. 7．What can we infer about solar energy in the car industry? A．Most cars have solar roofs. B．Cars can be currently powered from solar power stations. C．Cars partly powered by solar energy are on the road. D．Solar cars will soon be available. 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．What Do Solar Cars Look Like? B．Why Don't We Power Cars With Solar Energy? C．How Do Solar Cars Work? D．Could Solar Cars Replace the Electric Cars? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是完全绿色环保的，并分析了在汽车上装环保的太阳能电池板是否具有可行性。 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，电动汽车不环保是因为它们靠燃烧化石燃料产生的电力运转。故选C。] 6．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的Firstly，solar panels occupy a large amount of area.和Also，moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal，as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels.以及More importantly，the cost of the panels and development...outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide.可知，目前太阳能电池板的性能取决于多方面的因素。故选D。] 7．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy，there are some alternatives，such as solar power stations可知，目前，汽车可以由太阳能发电站提供动力。故选B。] 8．D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，目前电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色环保的，如果在汽车上安装太阳能电池板来发电驱动汽车，它的效率又受多种因素制约，由此可知，D项“太阳能汽车能取代电动汽车吗？”为本文最佳标题。故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Fish come in all kinds of shapes, sizes and colors.They first appeared in the oceans of the earth about 500 million years ago.Today there are tens of thousands of different kinds of fish and new species are discovered every year. Where fish live 1__　.They preferably live in areas where warm and cold currents meet.And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water.Some of them live in the clear water of rivers while others prefer muddy pond water.A few types of fish can swim in both salt and fresh water. Senses Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them.They can see left and right at the same time.They not only can hear sounds in the water but can also sense sounds that happen on the surface.　__2__　. Bodies of fish Fish have no neck.The head and the body are combined.Most fish are shaped like cigars so that they can travel very quickly.Fish are cold­blooded.　__3__　.The skin of most fish is made out of a special slippery substance.Fish breathe oxygen from the water they live in. 4__　 Fish were among the first animals hunted by primitive human beings.Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition.In many coastal countries, such as Japan or Norway, people depend on fishing to make a living.　__5__　.They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature. A．Dangers to fish B．The importance of fish C．Fish are a part of the food chain D．Most of the world's fish live in salt water E．Their body temperature changes with their surroundings F．Fish are also endangered by pollution of the world's oceans G．Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鱼的起源、感官、身体结构以及重要性。 1．D　[根据后文“And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water.(大约40%的鱼类生活在淡水中。)”以及本段小标题“Where fish live(鱼生活在哪里)”可知，大多数鱼是生活在盐水中的。D选项“Most of the world's fish live in salt water.(世界上大多数的鱼生活在盐水中。)”符合题意，故选D。] 2．G　[根据前文“Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them.(鱼的感官告诉它们周围的水里发生了什么。)”可知，本段讲述的是与鱼的感官有关。G选项“Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them.(鱼也能感觉到水的运动，从而感觉到接近它们的危险。)”符合题意，故选G。] 3．E　[根据前文“Fish are cold­blooded.(鱼是冷血动物。)”可知，本句讲述的是鱼的体温。E选项“Their body temperature changes with their surroundings.(它们的体温随着周围环境的变化而变化。)”符合题意，故选E。] 4．B　[根据下文“Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition.(全世界有数百万人以鱼为主要营养来源。)”可知，本段是讲述鱼的重要性。B选项“The importance of fish(鱼的重要性)”符合题意，故选B。] 5．C　[根据下文“They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature.(它们吃其他海洋生物，也被其他海洋生物吃，因此保持了自然界的平衡。)”可知，鱼是食物链的一部分。C选项“Fish are a part of the food chain.(鱼是食物链的一部分。)”符合题意，故选C。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Being curious about birds has let many people take up bird­watching in Shanghai.Many take it as 1.　________　 opportunity to spend time outdoors and get close to nature. The most careful bird­watchers are usually equipped with binoculars(望远镜) and smart phones, and travel long distances and spend hours in shoals(浅滩) in Nanhui or Chongming 2.　________　 (observe) a new bird.Tens of 3.　________　 (studio) provide such public events 4.　________　 (regular)． More than 430 types of birds, about one­third of the total bird numbers in China, can 5.　________　 (see) in Shanghai.Most of birds in the city are migratory (迁徙的), 6.　________　 (pass) by the southeastern tip of the city. The eastern shoals of Nanhui and Chongming, 7.　________　 the Yangtze River meets the East China Sea, are very 8.　________　 (significance) for migratory birds, because they stop to find food in spring and autumn while traveling between North and East Asia and Australia or Southeast Asia.The growing interest 9.　________　 bird­watching in Shanghai 10.　________　 (play) an effective role in environmental protection now. [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。文章介绍了上海兴起的观鸟热潮，激发了民众对于环保的关注。 1．an　[考查冠词。句意：许多人把它作为一个在户外接近自然的机会。根据句意可知及后面的opportunity，这里泛指“一次机会”，用不定冠词，且该词为元音音素开头。故填an。] 2．observing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：最细心的观鸟者通常会带着双筒望远镜和智能手机，长途跋涉，花几个小时在南汇或崇明的浅滩上观察一只新鸟。此处为固定用法spend...(in)doing花时间做某事，故填observing。] 3．studios　[考查名词。句意：数十家工作室定期提供此类公共活动。根据前面的Tens of“数十个”可知，设空处应填名词复数形式。故填studios。] 4．regularly　[考查副词。句意：数十家工作室定期提供此类公共活动。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰谓语动词provide，应使用副词形式。故填regularly。] 5．be seen　[考查动词的被动语态。句意：在上海可以看到430多种鸟类，约占中国鸟类总数的三分之一。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中充当谓语，其主语为birds，二者之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合提示词可知，应填be seen。故填be seen。] 6．passing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：城市里的大部分鸟类都是候鸟，路过城市的东南端。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语birds为主动关系。故填passing。] 7．where　[考查定语从句。句意：长江与东海交汇的南汇和崇明东部浅滩是重要的候鸟栖息地。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The eastern shoals，且先行词在从句中充当地点状语。故填where。] 8．significant　[考查词性转换。句意：长江与东海交汇的南汇和崇明东部浅滩是重要的候鸟栖息地。根据句意及提示词可知，上海的浅滩对于候鸟而言，是非常重要的，此处需要形容词作表语。故填significant。] 9．in　[考查介词。句意：在上海，人们对观鸟的兴趣日益浓厚，这对环境保护起到了有效的作用。名词interest表示“兴趣”时，常与介词in搭配。故填in。] 10．is playing　[考查动词时态。句意：在上海，人们对观鸟的兴趣日益浓厚，这对环境保护起到了有效的作用。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，结合时间状语now可知，此处应使用现在进行时，主语为the growing interest，单数形式，谓语也用单数形式。故填is playing。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $