UNIT 9 SECTION Ⅴ LESSON 3-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“epidemic（流行病）”这一核心知识点，系统梳理其定义（短时间内快速传播的传染病）、分类标准（依致死病例数及基线判定）、历史案例（如黑死病、西班牙流感、SARS等）及全球应对措施，通过基础与拓展词汇、短语、句型解析及练习题构建学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握相关知识。 该资料以中英对照文本为基础，重点词汇标注与语法结构（如with复合结构、现在分词作结果状语）解析提升语言能力，历史案例对比分析培养思维品质，分层练习题（含“四翼”考查）促进学习能力。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后助力学生回顾知识、查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

SECTION Ⅴ　LESSON 3 [教材原文] An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time－usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth.They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an area, or changes in the way people live, like more people living in an area，which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a bacteria or virus. Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. The number of deaths is different for every disease. So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic；as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline. The common cold is a widespread virus that affects millions of people, but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of epidemic. With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. Since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE. Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. Then, in the 1330s, this epidemic returned, this time in Asia. It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom was black spots on the body. Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World WarⅠ. Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war. Initially, many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province.It spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. SARS was examined by scientists, who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes. Infection rates went up steadily，and in the course of the outbreak, about 8,000 people were infected over nine months.Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. Then，from 2013 to 2016，there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa，which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.11,310 deaths were officially recorded，but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas，indicating that very few people got over it. Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years，governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives. [汉语译文] 流行病(epidemic)是指在短时间内——通常两周或更短——迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就一直存在。它们会由不同的因素(factor)引起，例如病毒(virus)被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人群增多，从而增加了接触病毒或细菌(bacteria)的几率。 只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式(officially)定性(classify)为流行疾病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。罕见(rare)疾病的基线(baseline)很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行疾病；与此相反(opposed)的是，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一种广泛传播的(widespread)病毒引起，可感染数百万人，但它并没有严重到可以被称为(classification)流行病的地步。 最近有新闻报道称，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行疾病做对比(parallel)，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的(depressing)流行病史中寻找线索，从而为我们创造一个远离流行疾病的美好未来。 禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。尤其是当科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本(sample)，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球流行疾病。 人类有记载的一个最早的流行疾病之一，大约发生在公元(CE)500年至550年之间。现今科学家估计(estimate)，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行疾病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因之一。紧接着，14世纪30年代，这一流行疾病卷土重来，这次发生在亚洲，并迅速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现明显的(visible)黑斑症状(symptom)，这种流行疾病被称为“黑死病”。 几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬(bury)他们死于疾病的亲人。战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行疾病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18个月内造成多达5 000万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行疾病。死于该病的人数比死于战争的人数还要多。最初，人们以为这种大规模流行疾病不会再对人类造成(pose)威胁，直至非典出现，再次让全球陷入担忧之中。 非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部(lung)疾病，而后蔓延到加拿大、越南(Vietnam)和新加坡(Singapore)，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，对SARS病毒进行检测，以期待了解该病与致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不断地(steadily)上升，在爆发(outbreak)期九个月内感染了约8 000人。非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验(trial)各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再次爆发。 随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉出血热(EVD)，最终夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统计的死亡人数为11 310人，而实际(actual)死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。 尽管(或者是因为)近年来全球爆发了流行疾病，世界各国政府都已经强调(underline)要对流行疾病进行彻底的(thorough)和系统的(systematic)医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。这需要各个国家之间的共同努力，因为全球(globe)各国之间的团队合作才能拯救生命。 ●基础单词 1．　virus　 n. 病毒 2．　factor　 n. 因素，要素 3．　baseline　 n. (医学或科学中的)基线，准线 4．　widespread　 adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的 5．　sample　 n. 样本，样品vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 6．　CE　 公元(用于日期后) 7．　bury　 vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏 8．　pose　 vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等); n. (为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 9．　outbreak　 n. (战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 10．　trial　 n. 试验；审判，审理 11．　underline　 vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下划线 12．　thorough　 adj. 彻底的，全面的，详尽的 ●拓展单词 1．　vary　 v. 变化→　variation　 n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动→various adj.各种各样的；千差万别的 2．　official　 adj. 官方的，正式的→　officially　 adv. 官方地，正式地 3．　classify　 vt. 将……分类；把……归入一类→　classification　 n．归类，分类，分级 4.　oppose　 v．反对→　opposed　 adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 5．　depress　 v．使沮丧→　depressing　 adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→　depression　 n．抑郁(症)；消沉 6．　steady　 adj.稳定的→　steadily　 adv.稳定地 7．　system　 n．系统→　systematic　 adj.系统化的，有条理的 8．　globe　 n．地球；世界；地球仪→　global　 adj.全球的 9．　estimate　 vt.&vi.估计，估算→　estimation　 n．评价，判断；估算→　estimated　 adj. 估计的；预计的；估算的 10．　actual　 adj.实际的，真实的→　actually　 adv.的确，事实上；说实在地 1．　a_given_population　 特定的人群 2．　spread_to　 蔓延到， 传播到 3．　come_into_contact_with　 和……接触 4．　be_classified_as　 被归类为…… 5．　as_opposed_to　 与……截然相反 6．　on__record　 有记载的，有记录的 7．　up_to　 多达……，高达…… 8．　get_through　 度过，熬过 9．　as_a_result_of　 由于……，因为…… 10．　in_the_course_of　 在……期间；在……过程中 11．　result_in　 导致 12．　across_the_globe　 遍及全球 1．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”组成的with复合结构，在句中作状语。 With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. 最近有新闻报道称，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行疾病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行疾病史中寻找线索，从而为我们创造一个远离流行疾病的美好未来。 2．动词­ing形式短语作结果状语，表示结果。 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行疾病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因之一。 Choose the best answers according to the text. 1．Which of the following is NOT the feature of an epidemic? A．It spreads rapidly. B．The large number of people are affected. C．It can be caused by different factors. D．A large number of people will die. 2．What's the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The low baseline of epidemic. B．The classifications of an epidemic. C．The epidemic is different from the common flu. D．A few cases will also be classified as an epidemic. 3．What's the reason why the Spanish Flu was the most severe epidemic? A．People travelled and moved than ever before. B．People didn't think it could cause a threat at first. C．It broke out near the end of World War Ⅱ. D．All of above. 4．What's the purpose of the text? A．People should realize the effects of epidemics. B．Government worldwide have realized the disease. C．Countries should work together to solve epidemics. D．People should know the epidemics that have occurred. 5．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment.　　　　　 　B．Health. C．Education. 　D．Science. 答案：1～5　DBACB 1．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 (1)variations in/of ……的变化 without variation 没有变化，没有差异 (2)variety n. 多样化 a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的 the variety of ……的多样性； ……的种类 (3)vary v. 改变，使多样化 vary with 随……而变化 vary from ...to ... 从……到……的转变 (4)various adj. 不同的，各种各样的 ◆[经典佳句] They found a wide variation in the prices charged for service. 他们发现服务费用的价格相差很大。 The weather varied from very cold to quite mild. 天气变化很大，会从很冷变得相当暖和。 ◆[名师点津]　“a variety of/varieties of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；而“the variety of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Beijing is filled with people from 　various　 (vary) parts of China. ②The variety of the birds 　is　 (be) changing all the time. ③The colour of the leaves varies 　with　 the seasons. ④We have varieties 　of　 flowers in our garden. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤Teaching methods 　vary_greatly_from_school_to_school　. 各个学校的教学方法大不相同。 2．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 (1)classify sth. by/according to ... 依据……分类 classify ... into ... 把……分类成…… classify ... as ... 把……分类为…… (2)classified adj. 分类的，归类的 (3)classification n. 分类，归类，分级 ◆[经典佳句]　 American magazines are classified into low class and high class. 美国的杂志有低级和高级之分。 The computer classifies questions by level of difficulty. 电脑按照难易程度将问题分类。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He glanced his eyes down the 　classified　 (classify) advertisements while waiting for the bus. ②For the convenience of our 　classification　 (classify), any over eighteen years old counts as an adult. ③Properties are classified 　into　 two main groups, physical and chemical properties. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④The librarians 　classify_these_books_as　 novels. 图书管理员把这些书归类为小说。 3．rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 (1)rare animals 珍稀动物 (2)rarely adv.很少，难得 (3)rarely 是具有否定意义的词汇，置于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序。 ◆[经典佳句] He had the rare balance of fun and compassion. 他在快乐和同情之间找到了难得的平衡。 It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family. 它(展览)将持续到5月11日，展品是从他家里借来的罕见作品。 Rarely does he keep pace with his colleagues in his work. 他在工作上很少与同事同步。 ◆[名师点津]　常见的否定词还有： never，neither，nor，hardly，seldom，scarcely，little，barely等。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Taxis on a rainy New York night are 　________　 (rare) than sunshine. ②You shouldn't miss the opportunity to see the play—it's 　________　 (rare) put on. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③By pure chance he 　________________　 (发现了这本稀有的书)he needed in a little shop. ④Rarely 　________________________　(他看望) his parents，which surprised me very much. 答案：①rarer　②rarely　③found the rare book 　④did he visit 4．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 (1)be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 as opposed to 而；相对于 (2)oppose vt. 反对；抵制 oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 oppose oneself to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 oppose (sb.) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事 (3)opposition n. 反对，反抗 in opposition to 强烈反对 ◆[经典佳句]　 They came to conclusions completely opposed to ours. 他们得出了与我们完全相反的结论。 I would oppose changing the law. 我将反对改变这个法规。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The parents strongly opposed their daughter 　going　 (go) there alone. ②She is very much 　opposed　 (oppose) to his going abroad. ③Strangely，Mr Green，also 　opposed　 (oppose) to the new policy，made no remark in the discussion. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 句式升级 ④The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it. →　With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to_the_new_proposal　， the government postponed it.(with复合结构) 5．depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 (1)depress vt.使沮丧，使抑郁；使萧条，使不景气 (2)depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧郁的；萧条的，不景气的 feel depressed 感到沮丧 be/get depressed about sth. 对某事感到沮丧 (3)depression n．沮丧；抑郁；萧条 ◆[经典佳句] Looking for a job these days can be very depressing. 现如今求职可能会令人非常沮丧。 The more she thought about it，the more depressed she became. 这件事她越想越感到沮丧。 She suffered from severe depression after losing her job. 她失业后患上了严重的抑郁症。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Yesterday's unemployment figures were as 　________　 (depress)as those of the previous 22 months. ②They found her walking alone and 　________　 (depress) on the beach. ③The result later in life may be feelings of emptiness and 　________　 (depress)． ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④I know he is too optimistic but I don't want to 　____________________　(令他灰心丧气)． ⑤Hunger and cold can make people 　____________________　(感到压抑) and lose confidence. 答案：①depressing　②depressed　③depression ④depress him/make him depressed　⑤feel depressed 6．estimate n．&vi. 估计，估算 (1)estimate sth. at sth. 估计(费用或大小等)为 estimate for 对……估价 make an estimate of 估计…… It is estimated that... 据估计…… (2)estimation n. 判断；估计 make estimation 作出估计 in one's estimation 在某人看来 ◆[经典佳句] I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge. 我估计建造这座桥会用3个月的时间。 The medicare cost is estimated to be one billion dollars. 医疗保健费用估计为十亿美元。 It is estimated that total investment in the country will continue to increase this year. 据估计国内投资总额今年将持续增加。 We need to make accurate estimation beforehand. 我们需要事先作出准确的估计。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①I know him well enough to form 　________　 estimate of his abilities. ②The cost of building a railway 　________　 (estimate) at over one hundred thousand pounds last year. ③The man estimated 　________　 the repair of the car. ④It is estimated 　________　 up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts. ⑤The police estimated the number of tourists 　________　 about 20,000. ⑥In fact，the first group were absolutely correct in their 　________　 (estimate) of this man's height. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑦Without specific information，it's hard　__________________　(估算成本) and benefits of making different choices. ⑧　____________________　(据估计)the ice that broke off weighed three million tons. 答案：①an　②was estimated　③for　④that　⑤at　⑥estimation　⑦to estimate the costs　⑧It is estimated that 7．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 (1)bury ...in ... 把……埋到……里 bury one's face in hands 双手掩面 (2)be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 ◆[经典佳句] Their ambitions were finally dead and buried. 他们的雄心壮志最终被埋没了。 She decided to bury the secret deep within herself. 她决定把这个秘密深藏在内心。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He walked slowly，his hands 　buried　 (bury) in his pockets. ②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, 　burying　(bury) her head in the book in her hands. ③They think she 　was_buried　 (bury) in the desert，along with a few other things. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 句式升级 ④Because he buried himself in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world. →　Burying_himself_in_his_lessons　，he knew nothing about the outside world.(动词­ing形式作状语) →　Buried_in_his_lessons　，he knew nothing about the outside world.(动词­ed形式作状语) 8．get through用完，耗完；接通；完成 get on/along (well) with ... 进展状况/相处状况/身体状况(良好) get across (使)通过；(使)被理解 get away 离开 get down 下来；记下，写下 get over 越过，克服 get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真处理/对待某事 get in 收割，收获 get at 理解；到达；着手处理 get on 相处融洽；进展；上车 ◆[经典佳句] A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。 Do you get on well with your parents? 你和父母相处得好吗？ ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The farmers are getting the crops 　in　 now that they are ripe. ②He seems to be getting along well 　with　 his business. ③The boy was getting 　down　 a ladder. ④The thief robbed the bank and got 　away　 with a lot of money. ⑤It took me an hour to get 　across　 my plan to her. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑥I rang you several times yesterday but couldn't 　get_through　. 昨天我给你打了好几次电话，但都打不通。 9．as a result of由于……；作为……的结果 (1)as a result 因此，结果 without result 毫无结果地，徒劳地 (2)result in 导致，造成……结果(后接结果) result from 起因于，由于(后接原因) ◆[经典佳句] As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be cancelled. 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。 His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams. 他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①The terrible accident 　resulted_from_his_carelessness　. 这起可怕的事故起因于他的粗心大意。 ②　As_a_result_of_the_heavy_rain，　 we had to cancel the sports meeting. 由于下大雨，我们不得不取消了运动会。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 句型转换 ③Success results from hard work and good opportunities. →Hard work and good opportunities 　result_in　 success. ④He was absent. As a result, he was blamed. →He was blamed 　as_a_result_of　 his absence. 1．(教材P58)With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. 最近有新闻报道称，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行疾病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行疾病史中寻找线索，从而为我们创造一个远离流行疾病的美好未来。 [句式结构]　with＋宾语＋宾语补足语的组成的with复合结构。 ◆[规律总结] with复合结构的构成： with＋宾语＋doing (doing表示主动和进行动作) with＋宾语＋to do (to do表示将来动作) with＋宾语＋done (done表示被动或完成动作) with＋宾语＋形容词(形容词表示状态) with＋宾语＋副词(副词表示状态) with＋宾语＋介词短语(表示状态) ◆[经典佳句] I can't fall asleep with the noise going on outside. 外面持续噪音，我无法入睡。 With you to help us, we'll surely succeed. 有你来帮助我们，我们一定会取得成功。 ◆[名师点津]　在with复合结构中，动词­ing形式一般表示主动的、正在进行的动作；动词­ed形式往往表示被动的、完成的动作；而动词不定式则常常表示尚未发生的将来动作。 ◆[误区规避]　语法填空： We completely solved the problem with many scientific methods 　_____　(use)． (可能失误)填to use/using (正确表达)填used (错误分析)此处use 与method构成动宾关系，此空应填过去分词，表示被动。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The boy stood there, with a ball 　in　 his hand. ②I can't go out with all these clothes 　to_wash　 (wash)． ③He sat there with his eyes 　closed　 (close)． ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④The girl looked at me 　with_tears_in_her_eyes　. 小女孩眼含泪水看着我。 ⑤I like to live in the house 　with_its_windows_facing_the_sea　. 我喜欢住在窗户面向大海的房子里。 2．(教材P59)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行疾病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因之一。 [句式结构]　动词­ing形式短语作结果状语，表示结果。 ◆[规律总结] 动词­ing形式短语作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语或which引导的非限制性定语从句，这种结果是句中谓语动词表示的动作带来的，表示自然而然的结果。 ◆[经典佳句] His parents died early，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母早亡，他成了孤儿。 He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left. 他急急忙忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。 ◆[名师点津]　动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的、出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only，意为“结果却……”“只是……”。 ◆[误区规避]　完成句子： The rain poured down for three days，　___________________________　 a flood (引起洪灾)． (可能失误)填caused (正确表达)填causing (错误分析)引起洪灾是大雨自然而然的结果，故填causing。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①The cup dropped down to the ground, 　breaking_into_pieces　. 杯子掉到地上摔碎了。 ②Yesterday a street beggar bought a lottery ticket, just 　to_make_him_a_millionaire　 overnight. 昨天一个街头乞丐买了一张彩票，结果使他一夜之间成了一位百万富翁。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 翻译句子 ③他搜索了房间，结果什么都没找到。 　He_searched_the_room_only_to_find_nothing.　 3．教材(P58)With recent press reports drawing paralles...最近有新闻报道称……。 [句式结构]　with引导的独立主格结构：with＋宾语＋doing... ◆[规律总结] (1)with＋宾语＋ (2)此种结构在句中的功能：状语、定语。 (3)非谓语动词视其与宾语的逻辑关系进行选用。 ◆[经典佳句] The teacher came in with a globe in hand. 老师进来了，手里拿着一个地球仪。 With the winter drawing near. People began to store some cool. 随着冬天的来临，人们开始储存煤炭。 ◆[误区规避]　语法填空： With all the work　________　(finish)，the children went home happily. (可能失误)填finishing (正确表达)填finished (错误分析)finish与work构成动宾关系，且已完成，故填finished。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①I met a young girl 　with_a_big_toy_in_her_arms　(抱着一个大玩具)． ②　With_the_examinations_approaching　 (随着考试临近)，the students are busy reviewing their lessons. ③The boy left 　with_the_water_running　(水淌着)． ④　With_the_new_road_completed　(新路峻工了)，the villagers can enjoy a easier life. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The 　actual　 (实际的) cost was higher than we expected. 2．He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage the 　outbreak　 (爆发) effectively. 3．The interviews were given to a random 　sample　 (样本) of students. 4．Hackers are said to have started a computer 　virus　 (病毒)． 5．I 　estimate　 (估计) that total cost for treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500. 6．Physical activity is an important 　factor　(因素) in maintaining fitness. 7．The college is not an 　officially　(官方地) recognized English language school. 8．The plan received 　widespread　 (广泛的) support throughout the country. 9．The report u　nderlines　 the importance of pre­school education. 10．The men were arrested but not brought to t　rial　. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They went about their business in a 　systematic　 (system) way. 2．The work had not been done very 　thoroughly　 (thorough)． 3．　Estimations　 (estimate) of our total world sales are around $50 million. 4．The garden offers a 　variety　 (vary) of attractions. 5．There was a feeling of 　depression　 (depressing) in the office when the news of the job cuts was announced. 6．Doing garbage 　classification　 (classify) in a right way can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. 7．His mother had 　rarely　 (rare) criticized him or any of her other children. 8．She was strongly 　opposed　 (oppose) to her husband taking this trip. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．The novel written by him 　is_classified_as　 (被归类为) a science fiction. 2．The young boy has 　a_variety_of_hobbies　 (各种各样的爱好), such as listening to classical music and painting. 3．Many old men 　are_opposed_to　 (反对) cutting down the 100­year­old tree for rebuilding a shopping center. 4．The girl was sitting there，　burying_her_face_in_her_hands　(双手捂着脸)． 5．He fell asleep soon 　with_the_windows_closed　 (关着窗户)． 6．The child slipped and fell，　hitting_his_head_against_the_door　 (头撞到了门上)． [综合性] Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A There is little doubt that humans used herbs (药草) for healing well before anything could be written about them. Many authorities recognize Hippocrates as the “father of medicine” for the European tradition.The treatment of the Hippocratic physician reflected his fundamental approach.It was the treatment of an individual, not a disease, and the treatment of the whole body, not any part of it.Treatment was based on the fundamental idea that nature had a strong healing force of its own, and that the main role of the physician was to assist nature in this healing process, rather than to direct it.The main ally of the physician in assisting nature in this process was diet.Only if diet were drugs used, and surgery was a last resort. The great philosopher Aristotle was the son of a medical man and a medical man himself, but his main influence on the development of European medicine was through his student, Theophrastus, called the “father of botany (植物学)”．He was the first known author in Europe of a classification system for plants with accompanying comments about their medicinal value.He described about 450 different medicinal plants.However, this text has not come down through history, and is only noted in later commentaries. The first document of herbal medicine that is regarded as a medical classic in the European tradition was De Materia Medica by Dioscorides.Dioscorides was a surgeon accompanying the army.He travelled far, collected much information, and gained considerable medical experience.Dioscorides had recorded herb knowledge for 600 plants.The book's pictures were considered the only authoritative ones for European medicinal plants for over 1,000 years.The work was translated into English in 1655, and continued to be the primary reference on European herbs. Greek medicine continued to improve for several decades after Dioscorides, but it eventually began to 　stagnate　. 1．The treatment of the Hippocratic physician 　________　. A．usually didn't function well B．was based on the healing power of nature C．tended to replace diet with drugs D．relied heavily on surgery 2．What can we learn about Theophrastus from the passage? A．He was a student of Hippocrates. B．He is known as the “father of medicine”． C．He used a system to classify plants. D．He wrote a text that was proved wrong by later generations. 3．According to the passage, De Materia Medica by Dioscorides 　________　. A．has not come down through history B．recorded about 450 different medicinal plants C．was originally written in English D．promoted the development of European medicine 4．The underlined word “stagnate” in the last paragraph probably means “　________　”． A．stop developing B．keep growing C．enjoy fame D．reduce expenses [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。草药的使用在欧洲也有很长的历史。文章介绍了希腊医学史上的一些重要人物及著作。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Treatment was based on the fundamental idea that nature had a strong healing force of its own, and that the main role of the physician was to assist nature in this healing process ...”可知，故选B。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was the first known author in Europe of a classification system for plants ...”可知，故选C。] 3．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The first document of herbal medicine that is regarded as a medical classic in the European tradition was De Materia Medica by Dioscorides.”可知，故选D。] 4．A　[词义猜测题。根据转折连词but和eventually可知，事情向前一分句所描述的相反的方向发展了，前一分句说古希腊的医学持续发展，此处应该是表示“终止；停滞”。故选A。] B Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50­kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says.According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 5．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A．They must run long distances. B．They are qualified for the marathon. C．They have to follow special rules. D．They are good at swinging their legs. 6．What advantage does race walking have over running? A．It's more popular at the Olympics. B．It's less challenging physically. C．It's more effective in body building. D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries. 7．What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking? A．Getting experts' opinions. B．Having a medical check­up. C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises. 8．Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking? A．Skeptical.　　　 　B．Objective. C．Tolerant. 　D．Conservative. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步的优势以及从事这项运动的注意点。 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.”可知，这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员，是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C。] 6．D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖损伤，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D。] 7．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Dr.Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A。] 8．B　[观点态度题。根据第一段内容可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Disability 　　A disability is a physical or mental problem that makes it difficult or impossible for a person to walk, see, hear, speak, learn, or do other important things. Some disabilities last forever.　____1____　 A disability can be something that a person was born with. Or it can be the result of an illness or an accident. 　____2____　 Physical disabilities may affect the eyes, the ears and the muscles. Some people with physical disabilities may use wheelchairs to move around. A mental disability is a problem with the brain, or mind. Mental disabilities include developmental disabilities, mental illness, and learning disabilities.　____3____　 With medical treatment or other help, people with disabilities can do many of the things that non­disabled people can do.　____4____　Many kinds of mental illness can be treated with medicines or other treatment. Organizations in a community can help people with developmental disabilities to go to school, work or live on their own. 　____5____　 It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person's body and features of the society in which he or she lives. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires us to remove environmental and social barriers. A．Others last for only a short time. B．Disability is not just a health problem. C．A physical disability is a problem with the body. D．Disability doesn't mean “inability”， and it isn't sickness. E．Disabilities make it harder to do normal daily activities. F．A person with a missing leg can learn to walk with an artificial leg. G．People with mental disabilities have trouble learning or getting along with other people. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人体残疾的相关知识。 1．A　[由该空前的“Some disabilities last forever.”可知，此处在分别介绍不同类型的残疾的持续时间，所以A项符合语境。last是原词复现，Some disabilities和Others呼应。故选A。] 2．C　[由下文的描述可知，本段主要介绍身体残疾及其影响，C项是身体残疾的定义，结合下段首句可知C项符合语境。故选C。] 3．G　[由上一段中的“Some people with physical disabilities may...”以及本段对智力残疾的介绍可知，G项“智力残疾的人在学习和与他人和睦相处上有困难”符合语境。故选G。] 4．F　[由该空前的“With medical treatment or other help，people with disabilities can do many of the things that non­disabled people can do.”可知，此处介绍了医疗或其他帮助对残疾人的辅助，使他们可以做非残疾人能做的事情，空后是举例说明，故F项符合语境。故选F。] 5．B　[由空后的“It is a complex phenomenon...”可知，残疾是一种复杂的现象，反映了一个人的身体特征与他或她所生活的社会的特征之间的相互作用，克服残疾人面临的困难需要消除环境和社会方面的障碍。It 指代disability，本段是对disability的进一步阐述，所以B项符合语境。故选B。] Ⅲ. 语法填空 Many people lose their lives every year. 1.　________　(actual), tobacco (烟草) use is one of the killers all over the world. Indeed, lung cancer 2.　________　 (believe) to be the cause of the most cancer deaths worldwide, with tobacco being responsible 3.　________　 22% of all deaths from cancer. It is important for everyone to take steps to try to fight this by 4.　________　 (go) tobacco­free as much as possible. However, it is pretty obvious that we still have 5.　________　 long way to go when it comes to trying to get people to be as tobacco­free as possible. For decades，tobacco 6.　________　 (company)have used their marketing strategies (策略) on purpose 7.　________　(try) to aim at younger people, and this has led to a sharp rise in a lot of cancer deaths among young people. The idea of No Tobacco Day is to have a special day that people can use to give 8.　________　 (them) the motivation (动力) to get away from tobacco and tobacco­related products. So if you're one of the millions of people 9.　________　light up a cigarette, step out for a cancer stick, or have a smoke, then let No Tobacco Day be your chance for a freer, 10.　________　 (healthy) future. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是每年有许多人死于烟草导致的疾病，无烟日的设立给了我们远离烟草的机会和警示。 1．Actually　[考查副词。作状语用副词形式。故填Actually。] 2．is believed　[考查被动语态。lung cancer与believe之间是被动关系，用被动语态；根据上文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is believed。] 3．for　[考查介词。be responsible for...对……负责。故填for。] 4．going　[考查非谓语动词。介词by后用v.­ing形式作宾语。故填going。] 5．a　[考查冠词。have a long way to go有很长的路要走。故填a。] 6．companies　[考查名词。根据句子的谓语可知，主语用复数形式。故填companies。] 7．to try　[考查动词不定式。动词不定式作目的状语。故填to try。] 8．themselves　[考查反身代词。主语与宾语表示同一个人或者事物时，宾语用反身代词。故填themselves。] 9．who/that　[考查定语从句。people是先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。] 10．healthier　[考查形容词比较级。与freer并列，修饰名词作定语，用比较级形式。故填healthier。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $