Unit 9 Section Ⅱ 语法学习课（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语短语动词核心知识点，通过情境探究对话引入，系统梳理动词+介词、动词+副词、动词+名词/代词+介词、动词+副词+介词四类结构，明确宾语位置、被动语态等关键用法，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以情境化设计与分层训练为特色，通过对话情境培养学生语言理解与表达能力，分类详解结合名师点津提升思维品质，即学活用和翻译练习强化学习能力。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

短语动词 [情境探究] 观察以下对话中的黑体部分。 1．—I don't know why we have to go to the supermarket tonight. You see I have a lot of work to do. —We are running out of our food! ——我不知道为什么我们今晚一定要去超市。你看， 我有很多工作要做。 ——我们的食物快吃完了！ 2．—Why will the sports meet be called off? —Because the weather report says it will be raining. ——运动会为什么要取消？ ——因为天气预报说要下雨。 [要义详析] 短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组， 其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词， 有些则相当于不及物动词。 1．动词＋介词(verb ＋ preposition) 这类短语动词的宾语不论是名词还是人称代词， 都要放在短语动词的后面。例如： *He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper. 在签署该项文件之前， 他想跟他的秘书商议一下。 *He has been asked to account for his absence. 他被要求说明缺席的原因。 *The murderer did not reckon on the policeman's finding the gun. 杀人犯没料到警察会发现那把枪。 *The marquis will succeed to the dukedom at his father's death. 在其父死后， 侯爵就将继承公爵的爵位。 [名师点津] ①“不及物动词＋介词”具有原来的字面含义， 或一种或者多种引申的意义。例如： to go into the laboratory 进入实验室 to go into the figures carefully 仔细检查数字 to go into the question 调查这个问题 to go into that scheme 参与那项计划 to go into operation 开始运转 to go into a subject 研究某个题目 to come to a close 结束 to come to a decision 作出决定 to come to four million 达到四百万 to come to life 活跃起来 to come to a full stop 骤然停止 to come into use 开始被使用 to come into effect 生效， 实行 to come into being 形成， 产生 ②有的短语动词却不能用被动语态， 如： consist of, serve as等。例如： *It consists of more than 400 elements. 它包括超过400种元素。 2．动词＋副词(verb ＋ adverb) 这类短语动词， 有的相当于一个及物动词。例如： to turn up the radio 把收音机(声音)调大 to turn up the soil 把地翻起 to take up water 吸水 to take up a new tool 拿起新工具 to take up this question 谈到这个问题 to take up space 占据空间 *They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly. 他们离得那么远， 我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。 [名师点津] ①此类短语动词一般都可以构成被动语态。例如： *Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only. →Trains stop here in order that passengers are picked up only. 火车在这里停， 只是为了接送旅客。 ②这类短语动词相当于及物动词时， 若宾语为名词， 一般既可放在短语动词之后， 也可放在动词和副词之间。若短语动词的直接宾语为代词， 则位于动词与副词之间。例如： to give it (指 heat) out 放出它(热量); to keep them (指 the molecules) apart 使它们(分子)保持分离。 ③某些表示及物的短语动词却具有自己的固定模式： 不允许随便将副词放在宾语之后(除非宾语为代词); 有时有的不允许随便将副词放在宾语之前。例如： *They had given up hope. (√) They had given hope up. (×) 他们已经放弃了希望。 3．动词＋名词/代词＋介词(verb ＋ noun/pronoun ＋ preposition) (1)在这类结构中间的名词前有时可加冠词或形容词。例如： take (an active) part in积极参加 put an end to结束； 终止 to take an interest in this problem 对该问题感兴趣 to play a role in machine­building industry在机械制造工业中起作用 to take care of production 负责管理生产 to keep somebody from smoking 阻止某人抽烟 to protect somebody from danger 保护某人免受危险 (2)这类短语动词常可用于被动语态， 并且可以有两种形式。例如： *The heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries. ＝Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries. 一些国家正在利用地球中心的热量。 *(Good) care was taken of the children. ＝The children were taken (good) care of. 孩子们受到了很好的照顾。 (3)直接宾语可变为被动式短语动词的主语， 例如： *He was accused of the crime by me. 我指控他犯了这一罪。 4．动词＋副词＋介词(verb＋adverb＋preposition) (1)这类短语动词常用于被动语态。 *Have the court proceedings been checked up by the lawyers? 法庭程序已经由律师检查过了吗？ *There are some things that will not be put up with by teachers. 有些事情是老师们不会容忍的。 (2)有的动词＋副词＋介词要求跟直接宾语， 且其直接宾语可变为被动式短语动词的主语。例如： *Can you possibly fix me up with your manager this week? →Can I be possibly fixed up with your manager this week (by you)? 这星期你能安排我和你们经理见面吗？ *They were taking it out on one another because of their hopeless dissatisfaction. →It was being taken out on one another because of their hopeless dissatisfaction (by them). 他们因为没有希望获得满足而彼此恶声恶气地拿对方泄怒。 ⊙即学活用 单句语法填空 (1)The neighbors asked them to stop making a noise at night, but they kept on doing it. (2)—As we know, keeping positive is beneficial to the process of our work and study. —You can say that again. Struggle not to let negative ideas take over. (3)Children are likely to pick up some bad habits when playing the piano if they don't have proper lessons. (4)Criticized as online games are, they never fail to appeal to a large number of teenagers. (5)The Chinese volleyball team won Olympic champion again; Their efforts paid off. (6)When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. (7)I stayed up all night to complete the project before the deadline, and now I need to catch up__on some sleep. (8)Having given up medicine, he took up writing. (9)Seeing the world­famous pianist standing in front of her, the young pianist let out__ a cry of joy and surprise. (10)The company is going through a period of great change, and no one knows if their job is safe. [语法主题应用] 使用本单元所学动词短语知识翻译下面小语段。 1．I hope that more student associations will be set up in our school and thus our students will take advantage of the opportunities to develop their good virtues and qualities. 我希望我们学校能建立更多的学生社团，__这样我们的学生就能利用机会发展自己的美德和品质。 2．I'd take into account his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. 我想考虑他与社区其他农民和商人交往的名声之后再决定是否同意为他提供贷款。 3．The incident aroused public concern and thousands of letters poured into the newspaper office in answer to the appeal for suggestions. 这一事件引起了公众的关注，__数以千计的信件涌入报社，__以回应征求意见的呼吁。 4．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 最终，__在20世纪，__爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，__形成了我们如今所看到的全名：__大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。__ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $