UNIT 9 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语完成时和完成进行时核心语法点，系统梳理现在/过去完成时、现在/过去完成进行时的构成、意义及用法，通过语境美文引入，结合语法感悟总结，构建从基础用法到对比辨析的递进式学习支架。 该资料以语境化设计提升语言能力，如通过家庭生活美文直观呈现时态应用；对比完成时与完成进行时的延续性、反复性差异，培养思维品质；设置分层练习（基础性、应用性、综合性），课中辅助教师讲解重难点，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 完成时和完成进行时 语境美文 语法感悟 Her husband 1.has just quit smoking because of the newly­born baby，which makes her and parents very happy.She 2.has been looking after the baby in her room alone.At midnight，she 3.has been waking up by some noises from somewhere.Today，she 4.has finally discovered that it is her husband who 5.has been making the noise，turning to the addiction to computer games. (1)完成时属于一种高考考查项目，包括现在完成时和现在完成进行时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时、(将来完成时和将来完成进行时)。 (2)美文中1、4是现在完成时，表示结果。 (3)美文中2、3、5是现在完成进行时，表示动作一直发生。 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态。不同时间发生的动作或情况用不同的动词形式表示，这就是英语的时态。英语常考时态主要有以下几种： 一般式(现在、过去和将来) 完成式(现在、过去和将来) 进行式(现在、过去和将来) 过去将来式 完成进行式 Ⅰ.现在完成时 1．构成和意义：have/has＋done，表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或结果。 2．用法 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet，recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。 In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown. 在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 (2)下列情况下常用现在完成时： ①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句 ②This/That/It is the first/second ...time that＋现在完成时 ③It/This is the best/worst/most interesting等＋名词＋从句＋现在完成时 It is/has been twenty years since I last saw her. 我已经二十年没见过她了。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema as a family. 这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。 This is the most interesting novel he has ever written. 这是他写过得最有趣的一部小说。 ◆[名师点津]　在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。 When you have learned English，you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. 当你学习英语之后，你将会找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。 [即学活用1]——单句语法填空 ①—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry，I 　haven't_played　 (not，play) the piano for years. ②—Look! Somebody 　has_cleaned　 (clean) the sofa. —Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it. ③This is the first time the company 　has_ventured　 (venture) into movie production. ④In order to find the missing child，villagers 　have_done　(do) all they can over the past five hours. ⑤Recently，the CCTV and some TVs 　have_begun　 (begin) to take some measures. Ⅱ.现在完成进行时 1．构成和意义：have/has＋been＋doing，现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 2．用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并有可能继续进行下去。 He has been playing computer games all day. 他一整天都在玩电脑游戏。 I have been working for this company for three years. 我在这个公司已工作三年了。 (2)表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。 The teacher has been telling us to be careful all the term. 这个学期，老师一直在告诉我们要细心。 (3)表达较重的感情色彩。 You have been daydreaming but never make an effort. 你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。 [即学活用2] 1．单句语法填空 ①I 　have_been_working　 (work) in this school since I graduated from college.Now I am still working here. ②You know，I 　have_been_looking　 (look) for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview. ③The little boy is dirty all over because he 　has_been_playing/has_played　 (play) in the mud all the morning. 2．完成句子 ①Tom 　has_been_working_hard　 (一直在努力学习) since the new term began. ②I 　have_been_playing_football　 (一直在踢足球) all the morning, so I'm sweating heavily. Ⅲ.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 1．现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性；而现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔细考虑。(延续性) I have thought it over. 我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。 2．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示动作的反复性。 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近经常见到他吗？(反复性) Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ 3．现在完成进行时有时含有某种感情色彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(表示不满) I have waited for you for two hours. 我已经等了你两个小时。 [即学活用3]——完成句子 ①He 　has_developed_a_good_habit　 (养成了好习惯) of independent learning.No wonder he ranks first in every exam in his class. ②Now that Lucy is out of work, she 　has_been_considering_going_back　 (一直考虑回去) to school, but she 　hasn't_decided　 (未决定) yet. Ⅳ.过去完成时 1．构成和意义： had＋done，过去完成时的基本用法与现在完成时相似，有所不同的是：现在完成时的动作需在现在以前完成，过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间以前完成，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。 2．用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常用by, by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time, before, when, until等引导的状语从句。 —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? ——你们找到安的家有困难吗？ —Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. ——算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的具体的位置，我们能够很容易地找到它。 By the end of 2022, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 截至到2022年年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。 (2)过去完成时表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for, since等词连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟才来了一辆公交车。 (3)过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 ①在no sooner ...than, hardly ...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意为“一……就；刚……就”。 I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang. 我一踏入教室的门，上课铃就响了。 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ②在“It was the first/second/...time that ...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ③It was＋一段时间＋since 从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 ④主句(过去完成时)＋by the time＋表示过去的从句 By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone. 当我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 ⑤表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train. 我本来打算昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。 [即学活用4]——单句语法填空 ①Helen 　had_left　 (leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. ②By the time I left the school, he 　had_taught　 (teach) the class for 3 years. ③She asked me whether I 　had_returned　(return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. ④—Did you have to do much for the dinner party? —Helen 　had_finished　 (finish) everything by the time I got home. ⑤It was the second time that he 　had_rushed　 (rush) out of the classroom without permission. Ⅴ.过去完成进行时 1．构成和意义：had been＋动词­ing形式，表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。 2．用法 (1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以某一过去时间为前提。 I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着的。 (2)表示反复进行的动作。 He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。 [即学活用5]——单句语法填空 ①They 　had_been_expecting　 (expect) the anecdote for some time before I came. ②The doctor asked what he 　had_been_eating　 (eat)． ③She came back at seven. He 　had_been_waiting　 (wait) for her for 2 hours. ④We didn't go shopping yesterday because it 　had_been_raining　 (rain) all day. ⑤When Alice came to, she did not know how long she 　had_been_lying　 (lie) there. Ⅵ.过去完成时和过去完成进行时的区别 1．过去完成时 表示动作在过去的某一时间已经完成。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当汤姆到达晚会的时候，大部分客人都走了，他很失望。 2．过去完成进行时 表示在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个特定时间，或是刚刚结束，或是还要延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。 It had been raining hard for three weeks. Nearly all the little trees on the mountain were washed away. 大雨一连下了三个星期，山上的小树几乎都给冲走了。 [即学活用6]——完成句子 ①She 　had_been_studying_English　 before entering the college. 她上大学以前一直在学习英语。 ②She 　had_cleaned_the_office，　 so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过了，所以办公室很整洁。 ③The heavy rain 　has_been_pouring_for_about_two_days　 and it may lead to a big flood. 大雨已连续下了大约两天，这有可能造成洪灾。 ④I heard 　you'd_been_looking_for_me　. 我听说你一直在找我。 [基础性] Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows 　have_played　 (play) a leading part so far. 2．Tom was shocked to realize that the two­month summer vacation 　had_passed　 (pass) before he knew it. 3．Facial recognition technology 　has_been_extended　 (extend) into many areas of school life so far. 4．This is the first time she 　has_experienced　 (experience) disappointment. 5．By the end of last term, more than 3,000 English words 　had_been_learnt　 (learn) by us. 6．It was really annoying; I couldn't get access to the data bank you 　had_recommended　 (recommend)． 7．I 　had_been_studying　 (study) at home before my mother came back. 8．He 　has_been_coughing　 (cough) a lot recently. He ought to give up smoking and go to see a doctor. 9．He 　has_been_listening　 (listen) to English programs since he came to the US, so he 　has_made　 (make) great progress. 10．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who 　had_been_trapped　 (trap) in the mountains for two days. 11．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan 　had_been_carried　 (carry) out in the past two years. 12．China's high­speed railways 　have_grown　 (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. [应用性] Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Enough 　has_been_done_for_you　，but you've made little progress. 为你做了很多，然而你的进步却很小。 2．　Hardly_had_she_fallen_asleep_when　 a knock at the door woke her up. 她刚要睡着，忽然被敲门声吵醒了。 3．　It_is_the_first_time_that　 she has driven a car. 这是她第一次开车。 4．　It_was_the_second_time_this_week_that　 plane crash had happened. 这是本周第二次发生飞机坠毁事件。 5．　I_had_meant_to_help_you　，but I was too busy at that moment. 我本打算帮你的，但我当时太忙了。 6．Since this morning 　I_have_been_writing_the_letter　. 从今天早上到现在，我一直都在写信。 [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It is said that if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise — and as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or economical faculties. Contraction (萎缩) of front and side parts — as cells die off — was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty­and seventy­year­olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to the contraction normally connected with age — using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the town. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants. Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need.“The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain，” he says. “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don't rely on pocket calculators.” 1．The team of doctors wanted to find out 　________　. A．the size of certain people's brains B．how to slow down the process of aging C．which people are most intelligent D．why certain people are aging sooner than others 2．On what are their research findings based? A．The study of brain volumes of different people. B．The study of brain volumes of old people. C．The latest development of computer technology. D．A survey of farmers in northern old people. 3．The doctors' tests show that 　________　. A．our brains shrink as we grow older B．the front section of the brain does not shrink C．sixty­year­olds have better brains than thirty­year­olds D．some people's brains have contracted more than other people's 4．According to the passage, which people seem to age more slowly than the others? A．Lawyers.　　　 　B．Farmers. C．Clerks. 　D．Shop assistants. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了日本医生的一项新发现：要想大脑不萎缩，就要勤思考。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的首句可知， 医生想发现日本北方的健康农民为什么就失去了思考的能力， 以及如何减缓大脑的衰老。故选B。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知，他们是通过测量一千个不同职业、不同年龄的人的脑容量进行研究发现的。故选A。] 3．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，乡下人的大脑比城里人的大脑衰老得早；所以推出有的人大脑萎缩得早，有的人晚。故选D。] 4．A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors.可知，大脑萎缩最慢的是律师， 其次是教授和医生。根据第三段的最后一句可知，职员和农民、公交车司机、销售员一样大脑萎缩得早。因此推出大脑萎缩最慢的是律师。故选A。] B A billionaire has recently made one of the biggest charitable donations to a university in China's history. Chen Tianqiao donated $115 million to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to help advanced brain research. The donation will be spent deepening the understanding of how the brain works. Chen has been interested in brain research, believing it can shape the industries such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality. However, this huge donation has caused heated discussions among Chinese scholars and Internet users alike. Many criticized him for choosing to give money to a foreign university rather than home institutes for brain research, which are developing fast and are on track to catch up with the US in just a few years. Rao Yi, a biologist at Peking University, even said the donation was a typical mistake. Others, however, support his choice. They believe Caltech is a reasonable choice compared to Chinese research institutes. Caltech has a long history and has taken a leading position in biology, and therefore it produces more efficient results. In addition, the results of the research benefit not only the American people, but also the rest of the world. A similar controversial case started two years ago when Pan Shiyi, chairman of SOHO China, donated $15 million to Harvard University to help disadvantaged Chinese students. Many believe that China is still behind in the management and use of donated money, and that as a result, Chinese charity donators are looking abroad.In comparison, Western countries like the US, which have a long history of donating money, have well­developed systems that use money efficiently. They can also provide full access for donors who want to track the use of the money. To get more donations, Chinese universities should be braver and more honest. They need self­reflection rather than envy. 5．Why did Chen's huge donation draw criticism? A．It was not used efficiently. B．It was one of the largest to Caltech. C．It should have been given away to a Chinese college. D．It was used in brain research rather than on unfortunate people. 6．Some people are in favor of Chen's choice because 　________　. A．the Chinese are just too envious B．the achievements benefit the whole world C．Caltech is a university with a longer history D．the fund can help disadvantaged Chinese students 7．Pan Shiyi is mentioned to　________　. A．suggest the Chinese are enthusiastic about universities B．show off the generosity of Chinese billionaires C．inform some Chinese students are poor at academy D．prove the widespread disagreement over donating abroad 8．What is the main advice the author gives to Chinese universities? A．Exploring artificial intelligence. B．Growing fast to catch up with the US. C．Developing systems to use the donations efficiently. D．Educating braver and more honest graduates. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。陈天桥给加州理工学院捐赠了1.15亿美元以进行大脑研究。潘石屹也曾捐巨款给哈佛大学。这些事情引发了人们的争议。 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知， 许多人指责他把钱捐给国外的学院而不是国内的大脑研究学院。故选C。] 6．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知， 有些人支持陈天桥的做法， 是因为这样会产生更有效的结果，而且结果不只是美国人受益。故选B。] 7．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知， SOHO中国的董事长潘石屹向哈佛大学捐款也引起了类似的争议。提及此事进一步证明大家不认同把钱捐给国外的大学。故选D。] 8．C　[细节理解题。最后一段作者认为为了获得更多的捐款， 中国的大学应该建立有效的系统来使用捐款。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read：“　____1____　”With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person.　____2____　Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.　____3____　If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.　____4____　 You and your partner will probably have different skills.　____5____　Over time, both of you will benefit－your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。讲述了寻找健身伙伴的几个办法。注意本题中的“关键词定位”“段尾总结”“上下文逻辑衔接”等解题策略和技巧。 1．C　[文章讲述的是“How do you find a workout partner？(如何找到一个健身伙伴？)”，本文开篇就点出了《体线》杂志刊登了题为“感谢健身伙伴的五个理由”的文章。由第一个理由“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym”和本段最后一句中的“With a workout partner”可以定位到C项“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”。C项中的“train with someone else”与“with a workout partner”匹配。故选C。] 2．D　[本段说“判定你想从那个人身上得到什么”。由“Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？(或者你只是想身体健康，运动起来有力量和灵活性？)”可以定位到两个问句选项。结合上下文句意。故选D。] 3．B　[“If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym.”是讨论选择什么样的伙伴比较合适。B项“A workout partner usually needs to live close by，”也是属于这种适合一起锻炼的伙伴的范畴。故选B。] 4．G　[本段是段尾设空。段尾设空一般是总结性的。本段核心词是notice，讲述张贴在布告栏上的寻找健身伙伴的要求。由notice定位到带着notice的选项E和G。G项作为本段总结更合适。故选G。] 5．F　[本题用关键词定位选择。由different skills中的different可以定位到F项中的differences。大意：你和你的伙伴可能会有不同的技能，所以需要接受彼此的不同，学会彼此合作，久而久之，你们都会受益。故选F。] Ⅲ.语法填空 It was in 1897 that a European chemist 1.　________　 (call) Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from a chemical.The first trial of this medicine took place soon. Within a short time, aspirin became 2.　________　 best­selling medicine in the world for pain 3.　________　 (relieve). Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things 4.　________　 aspirin can help with. Penicillin 5.　________　 (discover) by accident in 1928, which was considered 6.　________　 (be) one of the most important medicines in contemporary society. Due 7.　________　 the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved in the war. If penicillin had not been available，many people 8.　________　 (die)from sickness or even small wounds. Penicillin became the 9.　________　 (great) drug of the 20th century,10.　________　 (save) millions of lives. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了阿司匹林和青霉素的发现以及它们对人类的影响。 1．called　[考查过去分词。chemist和call之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填called。] 2．the　[考查定冠词。此处表特指，应该用定冠词the。故填the。] 3．relief　[考查词性转换。结合句意可知此处是名词pain作定语修饰名词。故填relief。] 4．that/which　[考查定语从句。things作先行词，指物，that/which在定语从句中作介词with的宾语。故填that/which。] 5．was discovered　[考查时态和语态。主句主语Penicillin和discover之间是被动关系，再根据in 1928 可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。] 6．to be　[考查固定结构。be considered to be...意为“被认为是……”。故填to be。] 7．to　[考查固定词组。due to意为“由于”。故填to。] 8．would have died　[考查虚拟语气。该句是含有if 引导的虚拟条件句的主从复合句，与过去事实相反，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done 结构。故填would have died。] 9．greatest　[考查最高级。结合句意可知此处应用形容词最高级，故填greatest。] 10．saving　[考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词短语作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填saving。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $