专题06 选择性必修第三册 Unit 9（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期北师大版

专题06 选择性必修第三册Unit 9（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit 9中17个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit 9 中1个重点语法知识 1.进行时态 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 capability n. 能力；才能；性能 用法 (1) capable adj. 有能力的；incapable adj. 无能力的 (2) be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事 (3) develop practical capabilities 培养实操能力 写作佳句 Only by constant practice can students improve their core capabilities of analyzing complex reading passages. 唯有坚持练习，学生才能提升分析复杂阅读篇章的核心能力。 经典练 ① Every candidate must prove they are ______ (capability) of finishing the tough research task alone. ② Advanced equipment greatly expands the ______ (capable) of deep-space exploration. ③ He is incapable ______ controlling his temper when facing unreasonable criticism. 【答案】① capable ② capabilities ③ of 知识点2 justify v. 证明……合理；为……辩解 用法 (1) justification n. 正当理由；just adj. 公正的；justified adj. 合理的 (2) justify doing sth. 证明做某事有理 (3) find justification for sth. 为某事找借口 写作佳句 No selfish goal can justify cheating in vital examinations such as the college entrance exam. 任何私利都不能为高考等重大考试中的作弊行为开脱。 经典练 ① He tried his best ______ (justify) his rude behavior in front of the whole class. ② There is no reasonable ______ (justify) for giving up your dream halfway easily. ③ The policy is ______ (justify) considering the current social development situation. 【答案】① to justify ② justification ③ justified 知识点3 infer v. 推断；推论；暗示 用法 (1) inference n. 推论；结论；inferential adj. 推理的 (2) infer sth. from sth. 从某事中推断出某事 (3) draw an inference 得出推论 写作佳句 Senior three students are required to infer the writer’s hidden attitude from subtle textual details. 高三学生需要从文本细微细节中推断作者隐藏的态度。 经典练 ① Readers can infer the hero’s inner feelings ______ his words and body language. ② Don’t make hasty ______ (infer) without enough supporting evidence from the text. ③ This ______ (infer) question is designed to test students’ logical thinking ability. 【答案】① from ② inferences ③ inferential 知识点4 calculate v. 计算；预估；推测 用法 (1) calculation n. 计算；估算；calculator n. 计算器 (2) calculate the cost 核算成本 (3) calculate on sb./sth. 指望某人/某事 写作佳句 Economists calculate the potential influence of new policies on local consumption levels carefully. 经济学家仔细测算新政策对地方消费水平的潜在影响。 经典练 ① You need precise ______ (calculate) to work out the final answer of the math problem. ② Many people calculated ______ getting financial support from social charity organizations. ③ Students are forbidden to use electronic ______ (calculate) in the mid-term exam. 【答案】① calculation ② on ③ calculators 知识点5 participant n. 参与者；参加者 用法 (1) participate v. 参与；participation n. 参与 (2) participate in competitions/activities 参加比赛/活动 (3) active participant 积极参与者 写作佳句 Every active participant in the science contest gains precious experience beyond prize awards. 科创大赛的每位积极参与者都收获了比奖项更珍贵的历练。 经典练 ① All ______ (participate) must sign a safety agreement before entering the field competition venue. ② More teenagers are encouraged ______ (participate) in voluntary services in communities. ③ High student ______ (participate) makes campus cultural activities more lively and colorful. 【答案】① participants ② to participate ③ participation 知识点6 comparison n. 比较；对比 用法 (1) compare v. 对比；compared adj. 相比之下的 (2) compare A with/to B 把A和B对比 (3) in comparison with 与……相比 写作佳句 In comparison with rote memorization, understanding-based learning brings longer-lasting effects. 与死记硬背相比，理解式学习的效果更加持久。 经典练 ① Teachers often compare weak students ______ top ones to urge them to make progress. ② There is no fair ______ (compare) between individual growth paces of teenagers. ③ ______ (compare) with last year, this year’s college admission rate has risen slightly. 【答案】① with/to ② comparison ③ Compared 知识点7 accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 用法 (1) accuracy n. 准确度；inaccurate adj. 不准确的 (2) accurate data 精准数据 (3) improve writing accuracy 提升写作准确度 写作佳句 Accurate use of advanced vocabulary is a key scoring point in high-level English composition. 精准使用高级词汇是英语高分作文的得分关键点。 经典练 ① Pay attention to spelling rules to ensure the ______ (accurate) of your exam answers. ② This outdated measuring tool gives ______ (accurate) results and needs to be replaced. ③ Researchers must collect ______ (accuracy) experimental data to support their arguments. 【答案】① accuracy ② inaccurate ③ accurate 知识点8 treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理 用法 (1) treat v. 对待；治疗；款待 (2) treat sb. with respect 尊重对待某人 (3) receive medical treatment 接受医治 写作佳句 Equal treatment of every student helps build a harmonious and positive class atmosphere. 平等对待每一位学生，有助于营造和谐积极的班级氛围。 经典练 ① The hospital provides free ______ (treat) for poor patients with serious illnesses. ② We should treat animals ______ kindness rather than cruelty. ③ Experts are studying new ways ______ treatment of this rare infectious disease. 【答案】① treatment ② with ③ for 知识点9 bound adj. 必定的；受约束的 v. 束缚；弹跳 用法 (1) boundary n. 边界；界限 (2) be bound to do sth. 必定会做某事 (3) be bound by rules 受规则约束 写作佳句 Those who stick to daily review are bound to make steady progress in academic study. 坚持每日复盘的人，学业成绩必定稳步提升。 经典练 ① You are bound ______ fail the exam if you keep avoiding weak knowledge points. ② Moral rules set clear ______ (bound) for people’s social behaviors. ③ Citizens are bound ______ national laws no matter what social status they hold. 【答案】① to ② boundaries ③ by 知识点10 locate v. 定位；坐落于；找出位置 用法 (1) location n. 位置；场所；local adj. 当地的 (2) be located in/on/at 坐落于…… (3) locate the fault 排查故障位置 写作佳句 The new industrial park is located in the suburban area with convenient transportation links. 新建工业园区坐落于交通便捷的城郊地带。 经典练 ① The museum ______ (locate) beside the lake attracts thousands of tourists yearly. ② Rescue teams managed ______ (locate) the trapped hikers before midnight. ③ Local residents volunteer to protect the natural scenery of this scenic ______ (locate). 【答案】① is located ② to locate ③ location 知识点11 officially adv. 官方地；正式地 用法 (1) official adj. 官方的 n. 官员；office n. 办公室；公职 (2) official announcement 官方通告 (3) take office 就职 写作佳句 The education department officially released the adjustment plan for the college entrance exam subjects. 教育部门正式发布高考科目调整方案。 经典练 ① No ______ (office) document has proved the rumor about exam reform so far. ② The sports meeting was ______ (official) put off due to continuous heavy rain. ③ The new mayor will take ______ (office) at the beginning of next month. 【答案】① official ② officially ③ office 知识点12 classify v. 分类；划分等级 用法 (1) classification n. 分类；类别；classified adj. 分类的；保密的 (2) classify sth. into… 把某物划分为…… (3) classified files 机密文件 写作佳句 We can classify reading exercises into detail questions and inference questions for targeted training. 我们可以将阅读习题分为细节题与推断题，进行针对性训练。 经典练 ① Librarians classify books ______ different categories for readers to search easily. ① The clear ______ (classify) of grammar knowledge helps learners sort out key points fast. ③ Some ______ (classify) materials of the project can’t be shown to outsiders. 【答案】① into ② classification ③ classified 知识点13 opposed adj. 反对的；对抗的 用法 (1) oppose v. 反对；opposite adj. 相反的 n. 对立面 (2) be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事 (3) oppose unreasonable policies 抵制不合理政策 写作佳句 Most parents are opposed to teenagers spending too much spare time on short video platforms. 多数家长反对青少年把大量课余时间耗费在短视频平台上。 经典练 ① Citizens are strongly opposed ______ building a factory near the residential zone. ② She dares ______ (oppose) wrong opinions put forward by group leaders bravely. ③ His viewpoint is totally ______ (oppose) to the mainstream idea in academic circles. 【答案】① to ② to oppose ③ opposite 知识点14 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的；压抑的 用法 (1) depress v. 使消沉；depressed adj. 感到沮丧的；depression n. 低落；萧条 (2) depressing news 令人丧气的消息 (3) suffer from depression 患上抑郁症 写作佳句 Don’t let depressing exam scores stop you from making plans to improve yourself actively. 别让令人沮丧的考试分数阻碍你主动制定提升计划。 经典练 ① Students may feel ______ (depress) after failing several consecutive mock exams. ② The ______ (depress) economic situation forced many small shops to close down. ③ Sports and hobbies can effectively relieve mental ______ (depress) among teenagers. 【答案】① depressed ② depressing ③ depression 知识点15 bury v. 埋葬；埋头于；隐藏 用法 (1) buried adj. 埋藏的；专心的 (2) bury oneself in sth. 埋头专心做某事 (3) be buried in thought 陷入沉思 写作佳句 Top learners always bury themselves in reviewing knowledge rather than complaining about pressure. 学霸们总是埋头复盘知识，而非一味抱怨压力。 经典练 ① He buried himself ______ reviewing textbooks to prepare for the final examination. ② The ancient city ______ (bury) under sand was discovered by archaeologists recently. ③ She buried her face in arms to hide her ______ (bury) sadness from classmates. 【答案】① in ② buried ③ buried 知识点16 differ v. 有区别；相异；不同意 用法 (1) different adj. 不同的；difference n. 差异 (2) differ from 与……不同 (3) differ in 在……方面存在差异 写作佳句 Though twin sisters look alike, they differ greatly in hobbies and career goals. 这对双胞胎姐妹长相相似，但爱好与职业目标相差甚远。 经典练 ① Chinese customs differ greatly ______ western traditions in many social aspects. ② There are obvious ______ (differ) between written English and oral English expressions. ③ People hold ______ (differ) attitudes towards the same social hot topic naturally. 【答案】① from ② differences ③ different 知识点17 identify v. 识别；确认；认出 用法 (1) identification n. 识别；身份证明；identical adj. 完全相同的 (2) identify problems 找出问题 (3) be identical to/with 与……一模一样 写作佳句 It is vital for learners to identify weak knowledge points at the early stage of review. 备考初期，学习者及时找出薄弱知识点至关重要。 经典练 ① Witnesses helped police ______ (identify) the suspect from the surveillance footage. ② Your student ID card serves as legal ______ (identify) inside the campus area. ③ No two students’ handwriting styles are totally identical ______ each other. 【答案】① (to) identify ② identification ③ to/with 知识点18 进行时态 一、现在进行时 (一)构成和句式 肯定式：主语＋be(am，is，are)＋doing＋其他 否定式：主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋doing＋其他 疑问式：Be(Am，Is，Are)＋主语＋doing＋其他 (二)用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态 常与时间状语now，right now，at the moment等连用，如果句子中出现提示语如look，listen，hurry (up)等也经常用现在进行时。 Don't make any noise.The baby is sleeping now.不要吵，孩子正在睡觉。 Look！He is flying a kite.看！他正在放风筝。 2．表示现阶段正在进行，但说话时动作不一定进行 常与时间状语at present，these days，nowadays等连用。 How are you getting on with your study these days?近来你的学习怎样？ At present，scientists are looking for a cure for cancer.目前，科学家们正在寻找治愈癌症的方法。 3．表示反复出现或习惯性的动作 常与always，forever，constantly，all the time等搭配使用，隐含说话人的赞扬、喜好或厌恶等情绪。 She is always helping people.(赞扬)她总是乐于助人。 He is constantly talking loudly in public。(厌恶)他总是在公共场合大声说话。 4．表示按计划或安排即将发生的事 动词go，come，start，begin，move，win，leave，run out，take off，return等可用现在进行时表将来。 —Are you still very busy? —Yes，I am just finishing the report for the manager and it won't take long. 单句语法填空 ① —Hi，let's go skating. —Sorry，I'm busy right now.I (fill)in an application form for a new job. ②Hurry up！Mark and Carol (expect)us. 【答案】1.am filling2.are expecting 二、过去进行时 (一)构成和句式 1．构成：be (was，were)＋ doing。 2．句式：否定句把not加在be后，疑问句把be提到主语前。 He was not reading a novel when I came in.我进来时他没有在读小说。 (二)用法 1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用。 We were discussing the plan the whole morning yesterday.昨天整个上午我们一直在讨论这个计划。 2．表示过去某段时间内一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 He was writing a book last year，but I don't know if he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书，但我不知他是否已经完成。 3．表示按照计划、安排过去将要发生的情况。可以这样用的动词(短语)有come，go，plan，expect，look forward to，stay，leave，arrive，begin，start等。 He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他告诉我明天他将要去上海。 4．表示过去反复发生的行为、 动作。常与always，frequently，continually等词连用，带有赞美、厌烦等感情色彩。 He was continually asking her questions.他总是问她问题。 单句语法填空 ①The accountant (cycle)to work at 7: 30 this morning. ②The mobile phone rang when she (shop)in the nearby supermarket. 【答案】1.was cycling2.was shopping 三、现在完成进行时 (一)现在完成进行时的构成 现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成。 (二)现在完成进行时的用法 1．(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。 I have been waiting for an hour but he still hasn't turned up.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。 (2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。 He's been shaving since last year.他从去年开始就一直刮胡子。 2．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略 现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。 这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。 You've been working too hard.你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了) 3． 现在完成进行时的感情色彩 现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。 I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。 单句语法填空 ①Dashan，who (learn)crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand­up tradition. ②Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday. 【答案】1.has been learning2.has been working 四、过去完成进行时 (一)过去完成进行时的构成 过去完成进行时是由“had been＋现在分词”构成。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ (二)过去完成进行时的用法 1．过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到另一过去时间。动作是否继续下去，要由上下文而定。与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以过去某一时间为前提。 I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这个东西，我找了很多天才找着。 The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。 2．与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时可接具有“突然”意义的when从句(有些从句用一般过去时)。 I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。 She had only been studying her lesson for ten minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课不过十分钟，她的妹妹就把她打断了。 3．过去完成进行时和现在完成进行时一样，也可有一些特别的含义： (1)表示过去的“刚才，近来”发生的动作 My hands were dirty.I'd been painting the door.我的手很脏，我一直在漆门。 (2)表示过去的重复动作 He had been asking me the same question.他一直在问我同一个问题。 (3)表示某种感情色彩 What had he been doing？(不耐烦)他一直在做什么？ 单句语法填空 ①At last the bus came.I (wait)for half an hour. ②She (look)at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 【答案】1.had been waiting2.had been looking 基础通关练（测试时间：20分钟） 单句语法填空 1．He (serve) in the army for ten years before he worked in the company. 【答案】had served 【详解】句意：他在公司工作之前，曾在军队服役十年。由before he worked in the company可知，空格处用过去完成时，表示过去的过去完成的动作。 2．So far, great changes (take) place in our school and our learning environment has improved a lot. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：迄今为止，我们学校发生了巨大变化，学习环境也有了很大改善。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语标志词so far可知，句子强调动作从过去持续到现在，对当前造成影响，应使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”；主语great changes​为复数，故助动词用have，take的过去分词为taken。 3．The new smart devices   (able) people to work more efficiently since they were introduced. 【答案】have enabled 【详解】句意：自从新型智能设备推出以来，它们让人们得以更高效地工作。空处作主句谓语，able的动词形式为enable，意为“使能够”。句中含有since引导的时间状语从句，主句需要用现在完成时。主语The new smart devices是复数名词，助动词用have，enable的过去分词为enabled。 4．Please underline words to show (compare). 【答案】comparison 【详解】句意：请用下划线标出词语以表示比较。作动词show的宾语，用名词comparison。 5．We haven’t yet been told (official) about the advanced course. 【答案】officially 【详解】句意：我们还没有正式接到关于进阶课程的通知。空格处用来修饰动词told，修饰动词要用副词officially，表示“正式地，官方地”。 6．For (download) lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 【答案】downloadable 【详解】句意：可下载的课程，请访问儿童剧场的官方网站。修饰名词lessons，提示词的形容词形式downloadable“可下载的”符合题意。 7．…with the help of a number of good (chef), turned into excellent cuisine. 【答案】chefs 【详解】句意：……在众多优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了出色的菜肴。chef“厨师”是可数名词，被a number of修饰，用其复数形式。 8．We should be looking into upgrading drinking water (treat) plants so they remove micro plastics. 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意：我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能够去除微塑料。空处修饰名词plants，名词treatment“处理”符合题意，名词作定语，表类别，drinking water treatment plants是固定表达，意思为“饮用水处理厂”。 9．These experiences (enhance) her pursuit of visual abstraction layered with cultural and philosophical meaning. 【答案】have enhanced 【详解】句意：这些经历增强了她对蕴含文化与哲学内涵的视觉抽象艺术的追求。此处强调经历对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语These experiences为复数，所以谓语动词为have enhanced。 10．Reports of similar incidents (multiply) rapidly across the region over the past few months. 【答案】have multiplied 【详解】句意：在过去的几个月里，类似事件的报道在该地区迅速增多。时间状语over the past few months“过去的几个月里”是现在完成时的标志词，主语Reports为复数，故谓语用have multiplied。 11．I was having the time of my life with the incredible fifth-grade class this year. One day, a student raised her hand and asked if I (realize) I was wearing two different shoes. 【答案】had realized 【详解】句意：今年我和很棒的五年级班级共度了一段无比快乐的时光。有一天，一名学生举手问我是否意识到自己穿着两只不一样的鞋子。 主句为一般过去时，从句谓语“意识到”发生在asked之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时had realized。 12．No longer limited to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a (whole) new look. 【答案】wholly 【详解】句意：它不再局限于生病时服用的药方，如今出现在咖啡杯、面包篮和外卖饮品中，呈现出全新面貌。此处需用副词修饰形容词new，whole的副词形式为wholly意为“完全地”，作状语修饰形容词。 13．Despite its fragile appearance, the building (survive) many earthquakes over the centuries. 【答案】has survived 【详解】句意：尽管这座建筑外观脆弱，但在过去的几个世纪里，它经历了许多次地震。根据时间状语“over the centuries”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语the building是单数，谓语用has survived。 14．And these influences (enrich) his calligraphic practice up to the present moment. 【答案】have enriched 【详解】句意：直到现在，这些影响都丰富了他的书法实践。根据时间状语up to the present moment可知，句子应使用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，主语these influences是复数，助动词用have。 15．When I was young, that old box (contain) all my favorite toys and secret comics. 【答案】contained 【详解】句意： 我小时候，那个旧盒子里装着我所有心爱的玩具和秘密私藏的漫画书。根据句中时间状语从句使用一般过去时可知，此处描述过去的状态，空处也应用一般过去时。contain为动词，意为“包含，装有”，过去式为contained。 16．The changes in the climate have led to a (correspond) rise in temperature around the world. 【答案】corresponding 【详解】句意：气候的变化导致了全球气温相应的上升。此处需用形容词修饰名词rise，correspond的形容词形式为corresponding，表示“相应的、符合的”。 17．Situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this project aims to enhance the country’s (capability) in exploring the cold, hidden universe by establishing a high-precision facility that addresses a notable gap in its existing astronomical infrastructure. 【答案】capabilities 【详解】句意：该项目位于青藏高原，旨在通过建立一个高精度设施来增强国家在探索寒冷、隐蔽宇宙方面的能力，以解决现有天文基础设施中的一个显著缺口。根据the country’s可知，此处需用名词形式作宾语；capability为可数名词，意为“能力”，结合语境“国家在……方面的能力”通常指多方面的能力，应用复数形式。 18．Over the last half century, shark and ray populations (drop) 71 percent, largely due to increased fishing pressure. 【答案】have dropped 【详解】句意：在过去的半个世纪里，鲨鱼和鳐鱼的种群数量下降了百分之七十一，主要源于捕捞压力的增大。“Over the last half century”为现在完成时标志时间状语，主语是复数，所以谓语动词为have dropped。 19．The number of such sports businesses (see) a notable increase in recent years, indicating a promising outlook in the industry. 【答案】has seen 【详解】句意：近年来，这类体育企业的数量显著增长，预示着该行业前景广阔。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知应用现在完成时；主语The number of... 表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，所以助动词用has。 20．In both cases, potential problems should (identify), and the relative probability and impact of each risk should be estimated. 【答案】be identified 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：在这两种情况下，都应该找出潜在的问题，并评估每种风险的相对概率和影响。分析句子结构可知，主语potential problems与谓语动词identify之间为被动关系，情态动词should后接动词原形，应用be identified，符合语境。故填be identified。 21．Having a healthy body is a (bless) that we often forget to value. 【答案】blessing 【详解】考查名词。句意：拥有健康的身体是一种我们常常会忽略其重要性的福气。作表语，结合不定冠词可知用名词blessing，故填blessing。 22．Since autumn, the site (be) an attraction for visitors, with thousands arriving daily to capture photos and admire the golden tree leaves. 【答案】has been 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自入秋以来，这里就成了游客们的打卡胜地，每天都有成千上万的人前来拍照，欣赏金黄色的树叶。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为the site，为单数，根据时间状语Since autumn可知，句子应用现在完成时。故填has been。 23．They have been the active (participate) in the discussion. 【答案】participants 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们一直是讨论的积极参与者。本空作表语，用名词participant“参与者”，由主语They可知，不止一名参与者，应用复数形式。故填participants。 24．My father (go) to Beijing. He will be back in three days. 【答案】has gone 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我爸爸去北京了。他三天后回来。根据He will be back in three days可知，爸爸去了北京还没回来，应用现在完成时，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主语为My father，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has gone。 25．Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper umbrellas (suffer) from declining sales, while the number of craftsmen has been on the decrease. 【答案】have suffered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从现代机械雨伞出现以来，传统油纸伞的销量就不断下滑，与此同时，工匠的数量也在减少。句中since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句需用现在完成时；主语traditional oil-paper umbrellas为复数，因此谓语动词用have suffered。故填have suffered。 26．Scientists believe they have found a connection between the two mysterious (phenomenon). 【答案】phenomena 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：科学家们认为他们已经发现了这两种神秘现象之间的联系。分析句子结构可知，限定词two后接可数名词复数形式，phenomenon是不规则可数名词，其复数形式为phenomena。故填phenomena。 27．Recently, Chinese authorities have (steady) promoted the development of new-quality productive forces in agriculture, targeting smart agriculture as a technological break-through to enhance efficiency in farming. 【答案】steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：最近，中国政府一直在稳步推进农业新型生产力的发展，将智能农业作为提高农业生产效率的技术突破口。空处修饰动词promoted，应用副词steadily“稳定地”作状语。故填steadily。 28．Do you understand why the local people are (oppose) to the new dam up the river? 【答案】opposed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你明白为什么当地人反对在河的上游修建新水坝吗？空处作表语，需填形容词opposed。故填opposed。 29．Roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】have promised 【详解】考查时态。句意：自两年前这项行动启动以来，大约200名学者 —— 其中许多是气候科学家 —— 已经承诺尽量减少乘坐飞机出行。promise“承诺”。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，时态用现在完成时；主语200 academics为复数，助动词用have。故填have promised。 30．Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in what has become an international race to advance this technology. 【答案】have joined/have been joining 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自今年年初以来，百度和华为等中国科技巨头充分意识到其中的机遇，已与特斯拉和丰田等汽车行业领军企业联手，展开了一场推进这项技术的国际竞赛。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“Since the beginning of this year”可知，此处使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语“Chinese tech giants”为复数，助动词用have。故填have joined/have been joining。 重难突破练（测试时间：10分钟） 完成句子 31．我们听到了我们队赢了的消息。 We heard the news ________________________________________. 【答案】that our team had won 【详解】设空处用that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词the news的具体内容；主句谓语heard为一般过去时，“赢了”发生在“听到”之前，属于“过去的过去”，从句使用过去完成时had done；表示“我们队”用our team，“获胜”用win，其过去分词为won。 32．正如上面所提到的，高中女学生的数量正在上升。 ______________________________, the number of the girls in high schools is increasing. 【答案】As is mentioned above 【详解】表示“正如”应用as引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，表示“提到”应用mention，as指代的内容和mention为被动关系，需用被动语态，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，as指代整句话视为单数，因此谓语用一般现在时的被动形式is mentioned；表示“上面”应用副词above。 33．汤姆在完成作业后回家了。 ________________________________________, Tom went home. 【答案】Having finished his homework 【详解】空处为非谓语动词，“完成作业”为finish his homework，且先于谓语动词完成，且与Tom为主动关系，用having done形式。首字母大写。 34．我们坚持你收下这些礼物。 We insist that ________________________________________. 【答案】you (should) accept these gifts 【详解】根据insist可知，此处宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略；主语为you；表示“收下这些礼物”为accept these gifts。 35．It has ________________ be a positive influence on the lives of many people. 事实证明，它对很多人的生活都产生了积极的影响。 【答案】turned out to 【详解】表示“事实证明”，用固定结构turn out to be；本句为现在完成时，has后接过去分词，因此填turned out to。 36．我猜你最近用电脑太多了，该停下来让眼睛休息一下。 I guess you ________ ________ ________ the computer a lot recently. You should stop and rest your eyes. 【答案】 have been using 【详解】表示“用”可用动词use，在句中作谓语，句子时间状语是“recently”，表示“用电脑”这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去，应用现在完成时（have/has+been+现在分词），主语是you，所以搭配have，动词use的现在分词是using。 37．我不再拒绝我喜欢的食物，而是在三餐中添加健康食品。 ________________________, I added healthy foods to my meals. 【答案】Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“不再”即“而不是”，应用rather than；表示“拒绝”即“停止食用（某类食物）”，应用cut out，“不再做某事”表达为rather than doing sth.，用此处应用动名词形式cutting out；表示“食物”用the foods，用复数形式表示泛指，“我喜欢的”应用I enjoy，为省略引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词foods，时态与后文added保持一致用一般过去时，故“我喜欢的食物”为the foods I enjoyed。此处位于句首，首字母应大写为Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed。 38．由于下大雨，我们不得不取消了运动会。 ________________, we had to cancel the sports meeting. 【答案】As a result of the heavy rain 【详解】表示“由于……”用as a result of，“大雨”用heavy rain，作宾语，此处为特指，应用定冠词the修饰，句首单词首字母大写。 39．在这方面法语不同于英语。 French ________________ in this respect. 【答案】differs from English 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“不同于英语”，表示“不同于”使用动词短语differ from，“英语”使用名词English，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语为French，谓语动词使用三单形式。 40．新鲜空气改善了她的健康状况。 The fresh air has ________________ her health. 【答案】made a difference to 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“改善了”。此处表示“改善”可理解为“对……有影响”用make a difference to，结合句意以及空前has可知，句子为现在完成时，make用过去分词形式made。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （25-26高二下·江苏南通·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Over the past two years, many people 1 (purchase) new energy vehicles. They often describe 2 unique experience: with features like voice commands and autonomous driving, the car stops being “just a car” and begins to feel like a partner — able to perceive, think, and anticipate. At home, however, AI has long remained limited to relatively “not-so-smart” devices such as voice 3 (assistant). Interactions were largely rule-based: if you deviate (偏离) even slightly from preset commands, the system would often respond improperly or produce 4 (satisfactory) results That began to change with the rise of large language models, including ChatGPT and other 5 (advance) AI systems. Initially 6 (restrict) to chat interfaces (交互界面), these models were mainly used to answer questions or generate text. Now, AI is entering more natural, conversational spaces. Take ByteDance’s Doubao for example: it can speak fluently, understand context, respond 7 an intelligent and thoughtful manner, and even access real-time information. But voice interaction is only the beginning. The real leap forward comes with multimodal models such as vision-language models (VLMs), 8 integrate visual and auditory input, greatly 9 (enhance) AI’s ability to perceive and interpret its surroundings. Consider meal preparation. Smart recipes existed long before AI, but they were 10 (essential) digital versions of printed instructions — you still had to follow each step manually. Multimodal AI is beginning to change that. 【答案】 1．have purchased 2．a 3．assistants 4．unsatisfactory 5．advanced 6．restricted 7．in 8．which 9．enhancing 10．essentially 【导语】文章介绍近两年新能源汽车搭载智能AI深受欢迎，家用智能设备不断升级，大语言模型与多模态模型让人工智能交互能力实现大幅提升。 1．考查时态。句意：在过去两年里，很多人都购买了新能源汽车。此空为谓语动词，主语many people与purchase为主动关系，时间状语Over the past two years为现在完成时标志，主语many people为复数，所以应填have purchased。 2．考查冠词。句意：他们常常这样描述这段独特体验：凭借语音控制、自动驾驶等功能，这辆车不再只是单纯的交通工具，更像是一位伙伴 —— 它能够感知、思考并预判路况。此处泛指一段独特体验，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a， 3．考查名词复数。句意：然而在家中，人工智能长期以来仅应用在语音助手这类不算智能的设备上。assistant为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式assistants。 4．考查形容词。句意：互动在很大程度上遵循既定规则：只要你稍微偏离预设指令，系统常会回应失常或是给出不尽人意的结果。结合语境，此处表示“不满意的”，用形容词unsatisfactory作定语修饰名词results。 5．考查形容词。句意：随着ChatGPT以及其他先进人工智能系统等大语言模型兴起，情况开始发生改变。修饰名词AI systems需用形容词，advanced表示“先进的”，符合语境。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些模型起初仅局限于聊天交互界面，主要用来答疑和生成文本。此空为非谓语，句子主语these models与restrict为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词restricted作状语。 7．考查介词。句意：以字节跳动的豆包为例：它谈吐流畅、能够理解语境，以智能且周全的方式进行回应，甚至还可获取实时资讯。此处考查固定搭配in a...manner，表示“以……的方式”。 8．考查定语从句。句意：真正的突破来自视觉 - 语言模型等多模态模型，这类模型可整合视觉与听觉信息，大幅提升人工智能感知和解读周遭环境的能力。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词multimodal models， 指物，关系词从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导， 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：真正的突破来自视觉 - 语言模型等多模态模型，这类模型可整合视觉与听觉信息，大幅提升人工智能感知和解读周遭环境的能力。此处为非谓语，前面的句子和enhance为主动关系，再由语境可知，此处应用现在分词enhancing作结果状语，表自然而然产生的结果。 10．考查副词。句意：智能菜谱早在人工智能出现之前就已存在，但它们本质上只是纸质菜谱的电子版，使用者仍需一步步手动操作。修饰整个句子需用副词作状语，essentially，表示“本质上、实际上”，符合语境。 （25-26高二下·广东·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese research ship Tansuo 1 returned to Guangzhou on Sunday after completing the first China-Chile joint manned deep-sea expedition 1 the Atacama Trench (海沟), 2 (mark) a major step forward in international marine cooperation and China’s role in global ocean governance. The 156-day expedition, 3 (lead) by the Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, set sail from Sanya, Hainan Province, on December 6th. It covered more than 40,000 kilometers 4 involved 83 researchers from six countries. Due to severe pressure, 5 (extreme) low visibility and freezing temperatures, deep-sea exploration is considered even more 6 (challenge) than space exploration. However, China’s home-grown submersible (载人潜水器) Fendouzhe has addressed many of these challenges, enabling operations at full ocean depth. The expedition focused on the Atacama Trench, 7 reaches a depth of over 8,000 meters and holds significant scientific value for biodiversity and geology. During the mission, China’s domestically developed manned submersible Fendouzhe, carried by Tansuo 1, 8 (complete) 63 dives, 50 of which exceeded 6,000 meters. The team collected a large number of biological and geological 9 (sample). Thanks to these capabilities, researchers discovered several species of deep-sea snailfish and captured numerous images of seafloor animals, and most of 10 (they) were identified as new species, highlighting the region’s rich fish biodiversity. 【答案】 1．to 2．marking 3．led 4．and 5．extremely 6．challenging 7．which 8．completed 9．samples 10．them 【导语】文章主要介绍“探索一号”科考船完成中智联合阿塔卡马海沟载人深海科考返航广州，介绍此次科考时长、航程、深海探测难点、奋斗者号潜水器作业成果以及科考带来的深海新物种发现，彰显中国国际海洋合作与深海科研实力。 1．考查介词。句意：中国科考船“探索一号”周日完成首次中智联合阿塔卡马海沟载人深海科考后返回广州，标志着国际海洋合作与中国参与全球海洋治理迈出重要一步。expedition to + 地点，表示“前往某地的考察”。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。逗号前主谓结构完整，空格处需填非谓语动词，主句所指的整件事与mark是主动关系，用现在分词marking作结果状语。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这场为期156天、由中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所牵头的科考于12月6日从海南三亚启航。名词expedition与lead是被动关系，表示“由…… 牵头”，用过去分词led作后置定语。 4．考查连词。句意：此次航程超4万公里，有来自六个国家的83名科研人员参与。covered、involved为并列谓语，用并列连词and连接。 5．考查副词。句意：由于巨大水压、极低能见度和严寒低温，深海探测被认为比太空探索更具挑战性。空格修饰形容词low，需用副词extremely。 6．考查形容词。句意同上。more后接形容词原形构成比较级，challenge的形容词形式challenging，意为“有挑战性的”。 7．考查定语从句。句意：本次科考聚焦阿塔卡马海沟，这片海沟深度超8000米，在生物多样性与地质学领域具备极高科研价值。空格引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the Atacama Trench指物，从句缺少主语，用关系代词which。 8．考查时态。句意：任务期间，搭载于“探索一号”、我国自主研发的载人潜水器“奋斗者号”完成63次下潜，其中50次下潜深度超6000米。空处为主句谓语，全文叙述已完成的科考事件，整体为一般过去时，complete过去式为completed。 9．考查名词复数。句意：科考团队采集了大量生物与地质样本。a large number of后接可数名词复数，sample复数形式为samples。 10．考查代词。句意：借助这些设备，科研人员发现多种深海狮子鱼，拍摄大量海底生物影像，其中大部分被认定为新物种，凸显该海域丰富的鱼类生物多样性。介词of后用人称代词宾格，they的宾格形式是them。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 选择性必修第三册Unit 9（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit 9中17个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit 9 中1个重点语法知识 1.进行时态 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 capability n. 能力；才能；性能 用法 (1) capable adj. 有能力的；incapable adj. 无能力的 (2) be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事 (3) develop practical capabilities 培养实操能力 写作佳句 Only by constant practice can students improve their core capabilities of analyzing complex reading passages. 唯有坚持练习，学生才能提升分析复杂阅读篇章的核心能力。 经典练 ① Every candidate must prove they are ______ (capability) of finishing the tough research task alone. ② Advanced equipment greatly expands the ______ (capable) of deep-space exploration. ③ He is incapable ______ controlling his temper when facing unreasonable criticism. 知识点2 justify v. 证明……合理；为……辩解 用法 (1) justification n. 正当理由；just adj. 公正的；justified adj. 合理的 (2) justify doing sth. 证明做某事有理 (3) find justification for sth. 为某事找借口 写作佳句 No selfish goal can justify cheating in vital examinations such as the college entrance exam. 任何私利都不能为高考等重大考试中的作弊行为开脱。 经典练 ① He tried his best ______ (justify) his rude behavior in front of the whole class. ② There is no reasonable ______ (justify) for giving up your dream halfway easily. ③ The policy is ______ (justify) considering the current social development situation. 知识点3 infer v. 推断；推论；暗示 用法 (1) inference n. 推论；结论；inferential adj. 推理的 (2) infer sth. from sth. 从某事中推断出某事 (3) draw an inference 得出推论 写作佳句 Senior three students are required to infer the writer’s hidden attitude from subtle textual details. 高三学生需要从文本细微细节中推断作者隐藏的态度。 经典练 ① Readers can infer the hero’s inner feelings ______ his words and body language. ② Don’t make hasty ______ (infer) without enough supporting evidence from the text. ③ This ______ (infer) question is designed to test students’ logical thinking ability. 知识点4 calculate v. 计算；预估；推测 用法 (1) calculation n. 计算；估算；calculator n. 计算器 (2) calculate the cost 核算成本 (3) calculate on sb./sth. 指望某人/某事 写作佳句 Economists calculate the potential influence of new policies on local consumption levels carefully. 经济学家仔细测算新政策对地方消费水平的潜在影响。 经典练 ① You need precise ______ (calculate) to work out the final answer of the math problem. ② Many people calculated ______ getting financial support from social charity organizations. ③ Students are forbidden to use electronic ______ (calculate) in the mid-term exam. 知识点5 participant n. 参与者；参加者 用法 (1) participate v. 参与；participation n. 参与 (2) participate in competitions/activities 参加比赛/活动 (3) active participant 积极参与者 写作佳句 Every active participant in the science contest gains precious experience beyond prize awards. 科创大赛的每位积极参与者都收获了比奖项更珍贵的历练。 经典练 ① All ______ (participate) must sign a safety agreement before entering the field competition venue. ② More teenagers are encouraged ______ (participate) in voluntary services in communities. ③ High student ______ (participate) makes campus cultural activities more lively and colorful. 知识点6 comparison n. 比较；对比 用法 (1) compare v. 对比；compared adj. 相比之下的 (2) compare A with/to B 把A和B对比 (3) in comparison with 与……相比 写作佳句 In comparison with rote memorization, understanding-based learning brings longer-lasting effects. 与死记硬背相比，理解式学习的效果更加持久。 经典练 ① Teachers often compare weak students ______ top ones to urge them to make progress. ② There is no fair ______ (compare) between individual growth paces of teenagers. ③ ______ (compare) with last year, this year’s college admission rate has risen slightly. 知识点7 accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 用法 (1) accuracy n. 准确度；inaccurate adj. 不准确的 (2) accurate data 精准数据 (3) improve writing accuracy 提升写作准确度 写作佳句 Accurate use of advanced vocabulary is a key scoring point in high-level English composition. 精准使用高级词汇是英语高分作文的得分关键点。 经典练 ① Pay attention to spelling rules to ensure the ______ (accurate) of your exam answers. ② This outdated measuring tool gives ______ (accurate) results and needs to be replaced. ③ Researchers must collect ______ (accuracy) experimental data to support their arguments. 知识点8 treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理 用法 (1) treat v. 对待；治疗；款待 (2) treat sb. with respect 尊重对待某人 (3) receive medical treatment 接受医治 写作佳句 Equal treatment of every student helps build a harmonious and positive class atmosphere. 平等对待每一位学生，有助于营造和谐积极的班级氛围。 经典练 ① The hospital provides free ______ (treat) for poor patients with serious illnesses. ② We should treat animals ______ kindness rather than cruelty. ③ Experts are studying new ways ______ treatment of this rare infectious disease. 知识点9 bound adj. 必定的；受约束的 v. 束缚；弹跳 用法 (1) boundary n. 边界；界限 (2) be bound to do sth. 必定会做某事 (3) be bound by rules 受规则约束 写作佳句 Those who stick to daily review are bound to make steady progress in academic study. 坚持每日复盘的人，学业成绩必定稳步提升。 经典练 ① You are bound ______ fail the exam if you keep avoiding weak knowledge points. ② Moral rules set clear ______ (bound) for people’s social behaviors. ③ Citizens are bound ______ national laws no matter what social status they hold. 知识点10 locate v. 定位；坐落于；找出位置 用法 (1) location n. 位置；场所；local adj. 当地的 (2) be located in/on/at 坐落于…… (3) locate the fault 排查故障位置 写作佳句 The new industrial park is located in the suburban area with convenient transportation links. 新建工业园区坐落于交通便捷的城郊地带。 经典练 ① The museum ______ (locate) beside the lake attracts thousands of tourists yearly. ② Rescue teams managed ______ (locate) the trapped hikers before midnight. ③ Local residents volunteer to protect the natural scenery of this scenic ______ (locate). 知识点11 officially adv. 官方地；正式地 用法 (1) official adj. 官方的 n. 官员；office n. 办公室；公职 (2) official announcement 官方通告 (3) take office 就职 写作佳句 The education department officially released the adjustment plan for the college entrance exam subjects. 教育部门正式发布高考科目调整方案。 经典练 ① No ______ (office) document has proved the rumor about exam reform so far. ② The sports meeting was ______ (official) put off due to continuous heavy rain. ③ The new mayor will take ______ (office) at the beginning of next month. 知识点12 classify v. 分类；划分等级 用法 (1) classification n. 分类；类别；classified adj. 分类的；保密的 (2) classify sth. into… 把某物划分为…… (3) classified files 机密文件 写作佳句 We can classify reading exercises into detail questions and inference questions for targeted training. 我们可以将阅读习题分为细节题与推断题，进行针对性训练。 经典练 ① Librarians classify books ______ different categories for readers to search easily. ① The clear ______ (classify) of grammar knowledge helps learners sort out key points fast. ③ Some ______ (classify) materials of the project can’t be shown to outsiders. 知识点13 opposed adj. 反对的；对抗的 用法 (1) oppose v. 反对；opposite adj. 相反的 n. 对立面 (2) be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事 (3) oppose unreasonable policies 抵制不合理政策 写作佳句 Most parents are opposed to teenagers spending too much spare time on short video platforms. 多数家长反对青少年把大量课余时间耗费在短视频平台上。 经典练 ① Citizens are strongly opposed ______ building a factory near the residential zone. ② She dares ______ (oppose) wrong opinions put forward by group leaders bravely. ③ His viewpoint is totally ______ (oppose) to the mainstream idea in academic circles. 知识点14 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的；压抑的 用法 (1) depress v. 使消沉；depressed adj. 感到沮丧的；depression n. 低落；萧条 (2) depressing news 令人丧气的消息 (3) suffer from depression 患上抑郁症 写作佳句 Don’t let depressing exam scores stop you from making plans to improve yourself actively. 别让令人沮丧的考试分数阻碍你主动制定提升计划。 经典练 ① Students may feel ______ (depress) after failing several consecutive mock exams. ② The ______ (depress) economic situation forced many small shops to close down. ③ Sports and hobbies can effectively relieve mental ______ (depress) among teenagers. 知识点15 bury v. 埋葬；埋头于；隐藏 用法 (1) buried adj. 埋藏的；专心的 (2) bury oneself in sth. 埋头专心做某事 (3) be buried in thought 陷入沉思 写作佳句 Top learners always bury themselves in reviewing knowledge rather than complaining about pressure. 学霸们总是埋头复盘知识，而非一味抱怨压力。 经典练 ① He buried himself ______ reviewing textbooks to prepare for the final examination. ② The ancient city ______ (bury) under sand was discovered by archaeologists recently. ③ She buried her face in arms to hide her ______ (bury) sadness from classmates. 知识点16 differ v. 有区别；相异；不同意 用法 (1) different adj. 不同的；difference n. 差异 (2) differ from 与……不同 (3) differ in 在……方面存在差异 写作佳句 Though twin sisters look alike, they differ greatly in hobbies and career goals. 这对双胞胎姐妹长相相似，但爱好与职业目标相差甚远。 经典练 ① Chinese customs differ greatly ______ western traditions in many social aspects. ② There are obvious ______ (differ) between written English and oral English expressions. ③ People hold ______ (differ) attitudes towards the same social hot topic naturally. 知识点17 identify v. 识别；确认；认出 用法 (1) identification n. 识别；身份证明；identical adj. 完全相同的 (2) identify problems 找出问题 (3) be identical to/with 与……一模一样 写作佳句 It is vital for learners to identify weak knowledge points at the early stage of review. 备考初期，学习者及时找出薄弱知识点至关重要。 经典练 ① Witnesses helped police ______ (identify) the suspect from the surveillance footage. ② Your student ID card serves as legal ______ (identify) inside the campus area. ③ No two students’ handwriting styles are totally identical ______ each other. 知识点18 进行时态 一、现在进行时 (一)构成和句式 肯定式：主语＋be(am，is，are)＋doing＋其他 否定式：主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋doing＋其他 疑问式：Be(Am，Is，Are)＋主语＋doing＋其他 (二)用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态 常与时间状语now，right now，at the moment等连用，如果句子中出现提示语如look，listen，hurry (up)等也经常用现在进行时。 Don't make any noise.The baby is sleeping now.不要吵，孩子正在睡觉。 Look！He is flying a kite.看！他正在放风筝。 2．表示现阶段正在进行，但说话时动作不一定进行 常与时间状语at present，these days，nowadays等连用。 How are you getting on with your study these days?近来你的学习怎样？ At present，scientists are looking for a cure for cancer.目前，科学家们正在寻找治愈癌症的方法。 3．表示反复出现或习惯性的动作 常与always，forever，constantly，all the time等搭配使用，隐含说话人的赞扬、喜好或厌恶等情绪。 She is always helping people.(赞扬)她总是乐于助人。 He is constantly talking loudly in public。(厌恶)他总是在公共场合大声说话。 4．表示按计划或安排即将发生的事 动词go，come，start，begin，move，win，leave，run out，take off，return等可用现在进行时表将来。 —Are you still very busy? —Yes，I am just finishing the report for the manager and it won't take long. 单句语法填空 ① —Hi，let's go skating. —Sorry，I'm busy right now.I (fill)in an application form for a new job. ②Hurry up！Mark and Carol (expect)us. 二、过去进行时 (一)构成和句式 1．构成：be (was，were)＋ doing。 2．句式：否定句把not加在be后，疑问句把be提到主语前。 He was not reading a novel when I came in.我进来时他没有在读小说。 (二)用法 1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用。 We were discussing the plan the whole morning yesterday.昨天整个上午我们一直在讨论这个计划。 2．表示过去某段时间内一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 He was writing a book last year，but I don't know if he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书，但我不知他是否已经完成。 3．表示按照计划、安排过去将要发生的情况。可以这样用的动词(短语)有come，go，plan，expect，look forward to，stay，leave，arrive，begin，start等。 He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他告诉我明天他将要去上海。 4．表示过去反复发生的行为、 动作。常与always，frequently，continually等词连用，带有赞美、厌烦等感情色彩。 He was continually asking her questions.他总是问她问题。 单句语法填空 ①The accountant (cycle)to work at 7: 30 this morning. ②The mobile phone rang when she (shop)in the nearby supermarket. 三、现在完成进行时 (一)现在完成进行时的构成 现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成。 (二)现在完成进行时的用法 1．(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。 I have been waiting for an hour but he still hasn't turned up.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。 (2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。 He's been shaving since last year.他从去年开始就一直刮胡子。 2．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略 现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。 这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。 You've been working too hard.你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了) 3． 现在完成进行时的感情色彩 现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。 I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。 单句语法填空 ①Dashan，who (learn)crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand­up tradition. ②Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday. 四、过去完成进行时 (一)过去完成进行时的构成 过去完成进行时是由“had been＋现在分词”构成。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ (二)过去完成进行时的用法 1．过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到另一过去时间。动作是否继续下去，要由上下文而定。与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以过去某一时间为前提。 I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这个东西，我找了很多天才找着。 The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。 2．与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时可接具有“突然”意义的when从句(有些从句用一般过去时)。 I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。 She had only been studying her lesson for ten minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课不过十分钟，她的妹妹就把她打断了。 3．过去完成进行时和现在完成进行时一样，也可有一些特别的含义： (1)表示过去的“刚才，近来”发生的动作 My hands were dirty.I'd been painting the door.我的手很脏，我一直在漆门。 (2)表示过去的重复动作 He had been asking me the same question.他一直在问我同一个问题。 (3)表示某种感情色彩 What had he been doing？(不耐烦)他一直在做什么？ 单句语法填空 ①At last the bus came.I (wait)for half an hour. ②She (look)at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 基础通关练（测试时间：20分钟） 单句语法填空 1．He (serve) in the army for ten years before he worked in the company. 2．So far, great changes (take) place in our school and our learning environment has improved a lot. 3．The new smart devices   (able) people to work more efficiently since they were introduced. 4．Please underline words to show (compare). 5．We haven’t yet been told (official) about the advanced course. 6．For (download) lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 7．…with the help of a number of good (chef), turned into excellent cuisine. 8．We should be looking into upgrading drinking water (treat) plants so they remove micro plastics. 9．These experiences (enhance) her pursuit of visual abstraction layered with cultural and philosophical meaning. 10．Reports of similar incidents (multiply) rapidly across the region over the past few months. 11．I was having the time of my life with the incredible fifth-grade class this year. One day, a student raised her hand and asked if I (realize) I was wearing two different shoes. 12．No longer limited to prescriptions taken in times of sickness, it now appears in coffee cups, bread baskets and takeaway drinks, taking on a (whole) new look. 13．Despite its fragile appearance, the building (survive) many earthquakes over the centuries. 14．And these influences (enrich) his calligraphic practice up to the present moment. 15．When I was young, that old box (contain) all my favorite toys and secret comics. 16．The changes in the climate have led to a (correspond) rise in temperature around the world. 17．Situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this project aims to enhance the country’s (capability) in exploring the cold, hidden universe by establishing a high-precision facility that addresses a notable gap in its existing astronomical infrastructure. 18．Over the last half century, shark and ray populations (drop) 71 percent, largely due to increased fishing pressure. 19．The number of such sports businesses (see) a notable increase in recent years, indicating a promising outlook in the industry. 20．In both cases, potential problems should (identify), and the relative probability and impact of each risk should be estimated. 21．Having a healthy body is a (bless) that we often forget to value. 22．Since autumn, the site (be) an attraction for visitors, with thousands arriving daily to capture photos and admire the golden tree leaves. 23．They have been the active (participate) in the discussion. 24．My father (go) to Beijing. He will be back in three days. 25．Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper umbrellas (suffer) from declining sales, while the number of craftsmen has been on the decrease. 26．Scientists believe they have found a connection between the two mysterious (phenomenon). 27．Recently, Chinese authorities have (steady) promoted the development of new-quality productive forces in agriculture, targeting smart agriculture as a technological break-through to enhance efficiency in farming. 28．Do you understand why the local people are (oppose) to the new dam up the river? 29．Roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 30．Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in what has become an international race to advance this technology. 重难突破练（测试时间：10分钟） 完成句子 31．我们听到了我们队赢了的消息。 We heard the news ________________________________________. 32．正如上面所提到的，高中女学生的数量正在上升。 ______________________________, the number of the girls in high schools is increasing. 33．汤姆在完成作业后回家了。 ________________________________________, Tom went home. 34．我们坚持你收下这些礼物。 We insist that ________________________________________. 35．It has ________________ be a positive influence on the lives of many people. 事实证明，它对很多人的生活都产生了积极的影响。 36．我猜你最近用电脑太多了，该停下来让眼睛休息一下。 I guess you ________ ________ ________ the computer a lot recently. You should stop and rest your eyes. 37．我不再拒绝我喜欢的食物，而是在三餐中添加健康食品。 ________________________, I added healthy foods to my meals. 38．由于下大雨，我们不得不取消了运动会。 ________________, we had to cancel the sports meeting. 39．在这方面法语不同于英语。 French ________________ in this respect. 40．新鲜空气改善了她的健康状况。 The fresh air has ________________ her health. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （25-26高二下·江苏南通·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Over the past two years, many people 1 (purchase) new energy vehicles. They often describe 2 unique experience: with features like voice commands and autonomous driving, the car stops being “just a car” and begins to feel like a partner — able to perceive, think, and anticipate. At home, however, AI has long remained limited to relatively “not-so-smart” devices such as voice 3 (assistant). Interactions were largely rule-based: if you deviate (偏离) even slightly from preset commands, the system would often respond improperly or produce 4 (satisfactory) results That began to change with the rise of large language models, including ChatGPT and other 5 (advance) AI systems. Initially 6 (restrict) to chat interfaces (交互界面), these models were mainly used to answer questions or generate text. Now, AI is entering more natural, conversational spaces. Take ByteDance’s Doubao for example: it can speak fluently, understand context, respond 7 an intelligent and thoughtful manner, and even access real-time information. But voice interaction is only the beginning. The real leap forward comes with multimodal models such as vision-language models (VLMs), 8 integrate visual and auditory input, greatly 9 (enhance) AI’s ability to perceive and interpret its surroundings. Consider meal preparation. Smart recipes existed long before AI, but they were 10 (essential) digital versions of printed instructions — you still had to follow each step manually. Multimodal AI is beginning to change that. （25-26高二下·广东·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese research ship Tansuo 1 returned to Guangzhou on Sunday after completing the first China-Chile joint manned deep-sea expedition 1 the Atacama Trench (海沟), 2 (mark) a major step forward in international marine cooperation and China’s role in global ocean governance. The 156-day expedition, 3 (lead) by the Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, set sail from Sanya, Hainan Province, on December 6th. It covered more than 40,000 kilometers 4 involved 83 researchers from six countries. Due to severe pressure, 5 (extreme) low visibility and freezing temperatures, deep-sea exploration is considered even more 6 (challenge) than space exploration. However, China’s home-grown submersible (载人潜水器) Fendouzhe has addressed many of these challenges, enabling operations at full ocean depth. The expedition focused on the Atacama Trench, 7 reaches a depth of over 8,000 meters and holds significant scientific value for biodiversity and geology. During the mission, China’s domestically developed manned submersible Fendouzhe, carried by Tansuo 1, 8 (complete) 63 dives, 50 of which exceeded 6,000 meters. The team collected a large number of biological and geological 9 (sample). Thanks to these capabilities, researchers discovered several species of deep-sea snailfish and captured numerous images of seafloor animals, and most of 10 (they) were identified as new species, highlighting the region’s rich fish biodiversity. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $