第4讲 Unit 4 A good read 单元核心知识（新课抢先学）-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2025-2026学年 译林版英语八年级上册寒假作业 快人一步系列

优秀生培养计划 第4讲 Unit 4 A good read 单元核心知识（新教材译林版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 1. read /riːd/n. 读物，书（或文章等） v. 阅读（过去式 / 过去分词 read /red/） 核心含义：作名词指可读的书籍、文章；作动词指看文字理解内容。 常见搭配：a good read（一本好书）、read a novel（读小说）、read aloud（大声读） 例句：This science fiction is a really good read for teenagers. 练习题 (1) This storybook is a wonderful ___ for kids. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read (2) He ___ a newspaper every morning to get news. (用 read 的适当形式填空) (3) Which sentence uses "read" as a noun? A. I read this book last week. B. It is a good read for all ages.  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：形容词 wonderful 后接名词，a good read 为固定表达，指 “一本好书”。 (2) reads 解析：主语 he 是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用 reads。 (3) B 解析：B 选项中 read 为名词，表 “读物”；A 选项中 read 为动词过去式。 2. novel /ˈnɒvl/n. （长篇）小说 核心含义：指篇幅较长、有完整情节和人物的虚构故事。 常见搭配：a science fiction novel（科幻小说）、write a novel（写小说）、read a novel（读小说） 例句：Lu Xun wrote many famous novels in his life. 练习题 (1) My favourite ___ is Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen. A. poem B. novel C. play D. essay (2) He spent five years writing a ___ about rural life. (用 novel 的适当形式填空) (3) Which is a type of novel? A. fairy tale B. science fiction C. short story  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：Pride and Prejudice（《傲慢与偏见》）是经典长篇小说，用 novel。 (2) novel 解析：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数 novel。 (3) B 解析：science fiction（科幻）是小说的一种类型；童话、短篇故事均非长篇小说。 3. tired /ˈtaɪəd/adj. 累极了；疲倦的 核心含义：指身体或精神上感到疲惫，无精力。 常见搭配：feel tired（感到疲惫）、be tired of sth.（厌倦某事）、tired out（筋疲力尽） 例句：I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately after dinner. 练习题 (1) After a long walk, all of us felt very ___. A. happy B. tired C. excited D. angry (2) She is ___ of doing the same work every day. (用 tired 的适当形式填空) (3) He was ___ out after climbing the mountain for four hours. A. tires B. tiring C. tire D. tired  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：长时间走路后会感到疲惫，tired 符合语境。 (2) tired 解析：be tired of 是固定短语，意为 “厌倦……”。 (3) D 解析：tired out 为固定搭配，意为 “筋疲力尽”。 4. stomach /ˈstʌmək/n. 腹部；胃 核心含义：指人体的胃部，也可泛指腹部。 常见搭配：have a stomachache（胃痛）、in the stomach（在腹部）、stomach ache（腹痛） 例句：He ate too much ice cream and got a stomachache. 练习题 (1) I have a pain in my ___ after eating something cold. A. head B. stomach C. back D. arm (2) She fell down and hurt her ___ on the ground. (用 stomach 的适当形式填空) (3) If you eat too quickly, you may get a ___ ache. A. stomach B. head C. tooth D. throat  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：吃凉的东西容易引发胃痛，用 stomach。 (2) stomach 解析：形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词 stomach，指 “腹部”。 (3) A 解析：stomach ache 为固定表达，意为 “胃痛；腹痛”。 5. fall /fɔːl/v. 摔倒；落下（过去式 fell；过去分词 fallen） n. 摔倒；秋天 核心含义：作动词指身体失去平衡摔倒，或物体从高处落下；作名词可指摔倒或秋季。 常见搭配：fall down（摔倒）、fall off（从…… 摔下）、have a fall（摔倒） 例句：The little girl fell down on the road and cried. 练习题 (1) He ___ off his bike and hurt his leg yesterday. A. fell B. fall C. falls D. falling (2) Be careful not to have a ___ on the wet floor. (用 fall 的适当形式填空) (3) The leaves ___ from the trees in autumn every year. A. fallen B. fell C. fall D. falling  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，fall 的过去式为 fell。 (2) fall 解析：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数 fall，have a fall 指 “摔倒”。 (3) C 解析：由 every year 可知用一般现在时，主语 leaves 是复数，用动词原形 fall。 6. continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/v. 继续（vt. & vi.） 核心含义：指中断后重新开始，或持续做某事，可直接接动词 - ing 形式，也可接 to do。 常见搭配：continue doing sth.（继续做某事）、continue to do sth.（继续做某事）、continue with sth.（继续某事） 例句：He continued reading the novel after dinner. 练习题 (1) Let's ___ our work after a short rest. A. continuing B. continues C. continued D. continue (2) She continued ___ (study) English even when she was ill. (用所给词的适当形式填空) (3) Which is correct? A. He continue to watch TV. B. She continued writing the letter.  答案与解析 (1) D 解析：let's 后接动词原形 continue。 (2) to study/studying 解析：continue 后可接 to do 或 doing 形式，均表示 “继续做某事”。 (3) B 解析：A 选项中主语 he 是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用 continues；B 选项用法正确。 7. also /ˈɔːlsəʊ/adv. 也 核心含义：用于肯定句中，表 “也”，位置通常在实义动词前，be 动词 / 情态动词后。 常见搭配：also like（也喜欢）、also know（也知道）、also can（也能，较少用，常用 can also） 例句：She likes reading and she also likes writing. 练习题 (1) He ___ plays the piano after finishing his homework. A. too B. also C. either D. as well (2) I can ___ speak a little French besides English. (用 also 的适当形式填空) (3) Which word is used in negative sentences to mean "also"? A. also B. too C. either D. as well  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：also 用于肯定句中，位置在实义动词前；too/as well 用于句末；either 用于否定句。 (2) also 解析：情态动词 can 后接 also，再接动词原形，表 “也能”。 (3) C 解析：either 用于否定句末，表 “也”；其他三个词均用于肯定句。 8. pull /pʊl/v. 抽出；拉，拖（vt. & vi.） n. 拉，拖 核心含义：作动词指用力拉、拖某物，或从某处抽出；作名词指拉的动作。 常见搭配：pull out（抽出）、pull the rope（拉绳子）、give a pull（拉一下） 例句：He pulled his hand out of the cold water quickly. 练习题 (1) Please ___ the door open and come in. A. push B. pull C. take D. bring (2) She ___ a piece of paper out of her bag and gave it to me. (用 pull 的适当形式填空) (3) He gave a hard ___ at the rope and it broke. A. pull B. push C. hit D. knock  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：pull the door open 指 “拉开门”；push 指 “推门”，与语境不符。 (2) pulled 解析：由 gave 可知用一般过去时，pull 的过去式为 pulled。 (3) A 解析：give a pull 为固定表达，指 “拉一下”。 9. rope /rəʊp/n. 绳；绳索 核心含义：指由纤维拧成的粗绳，为可数名词，复数形式 ropes。 常见搭配：a piece of rope（一根绳子）、pull the rope（拉绳子）、tie with a rope（用绳子绑） 例句：The climbers used a strong rope to climb the mountain. 练习题 (1) We need a long ___ to tie the big box. A. rope B. paper C. wood D. glass (2) They bought two ___ to make a swing in the garden. (用 rope 的适当形式填空) (3) He tied the dog to the tree with a ___. A. rope B. book C. pen D. desk  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：绑箱子需要绳子，rope 符合语境；其他选项均无此用途。 (2) ropes 解析：数词 two 后接可数名词复数 ropes。 (3) A 解析：tie...with a rope 指 “用绳子绑……”，为固定搭配。 10. discuss /dɪˈskʌs/v. 讨论，谈论，商量（vt.） 核心含义：指多人就某事交换意见，后直接接宾语，不加介词 about。 常见搭配：discuss a problem（讨论问题）、discuss the book（讨论这本书）、discuss with sb.（与某人讨论） 例句：We will discuss the new novel in our class meeting tomorrow. 练习题 (1) Let's ___ where to go for our school trip. A. talking B. discuss about C. discuss D. talk about (2) They ___ the book review for two hours yesterday. (用 discuss 的适当形式填空) (3) Which is correct? A. We discuss about the plan. B. They discussed the new film.  答案与解析 (1) C 解析：let's 后接动词原形，discuss 为及物动词，直接接宾语，不加 about；talk about 需用动词原形 talk。 (2) discussed 解析：由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，discuss 的过去式为 discussed。 (3) B 解析：discuss 是及物动词，后直接接宾语，不加 about，A 选项错误，B 选项用法正确。 11. clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 了解清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的 v. 清理 核心含义：作形容词有多重含义，可指 “清楚的、清澈的、晴朗的”；作动词指 “清理、清除”。 常见搭配：a clear sky（晴朗的天空）、clear water（清澈的水）、clear the table（清理桌子） 例句：It's a clear day today, let's go out to read books in the park. 练习题 (1) The water in the lake is so ___ that we can see the fish clearly. A. cloudy B. dirty C. dark D. clear (2) Please ___ the rubbish off the desk before class. (用 clear 的适当形式填空) (3) The teacher made the problem ___ to all the students. A. clear B. clearly C. clearing D. cleared  答案与解析 (1) D 解析：能看到水里的鱼，说明水很清澈，clear 符合语境。 (2) clear 解析：祈使句用动词原形 clear，clear the rubbish 指 “清理垃圾”。 (3) A 解析：make sth. + 形容词，意为 “使某物……”，用 clear 作宾语补足语。 12. suggest /səˈdʒest/v. 提出建议（vt.）；暗示 核心含义：表 “建议” 时，后接动词 - ing 形式，或 that 从句（从句用 should + 动词原形，should 可省）。 常见搭配：suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）、suggest a plan（提出一个计划）、suggest that...（建议……） 例句：She suggested reading this novel for our book report. 练习题 (1) He ___ going to the library to borrow some books. A. suggested B. suggested to C. advises D. advise to (2) My teacher ___ that I should read more classic novels. (用 suggest 的适当形式填空) (3) Which is correct? A. I suggest to go there by bus. B. She suggests staying here for a while.  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：suggest 后接 doing sth.，排除 B；主语 he 是第三人称单数，若用 advise 需用 advises，排除 C/D。 (2) suggests 解析：主语 my teacher 是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用 suggests。 (3) B 解析：suggest 后接 doing sth.，不接 to do，A 选项错误，B 选项用法正确。 13. end /end/n. 结尾，结局 v. 结束 核心含义：作名词指 “结尾、结局”，作动词指 “结束、终止”。 常见搭配：the end of...（…… 的结尾）、a happy end（一个圆满的结局）、end up（最终成为） 例句：I don't like the end of this novel, it's too sad. 练习题 (1) The ___ of the film is very surprising, everyone is shocked. A. start B. end C. middle D. beginning (2) The meeting ___ at five o'clock yesterday afternoon. (用 end 的适当形式填空) (3) She hopes to have a happy ___ to her story. A. ended B. ends C. ending D. end  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：由 “令人惊讶、大家都很震惊” 可知指电影的结局，end 符合语境。 (2) ended 解析：由 yesterday afternoon 可知用一般过去时，end 的过去式为 ended。 (3) D 解析：a happy end 指 “一个圆满的结局”，为固定表达。 14. lend /lend/v. （从图书馆等）借出；借给（过去式 lent；过去分词 lent） 核心含义：指把自己的东西借给别人，常用搭配 lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.，与 borrow（借入）相对。 常见搭配：lend a book（借书）、lend me a pen（借我一支笔）、lend sth. to sb.（把某物借给某人） 例句：The librarian lent me three novels yesterday. 练习题 (1) Can you ___ me your dictionary? I left mine at home. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. give (2) He ___ his bike to his friend last weekend. (用 lend 的适当形式填空) (3) The library ___ books to students for a month. A. lends B. borrows C. keeps D. gives  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：lend 指 “借出”，符合 “把字典借给我” 的语境；borrow 指 “借入”，与语境不符。 (2) lent 解析：由 last weekend 可知用一般过去时，lend 的过去式为 lent。 (3) A 解析：图书馆把书借给学生，用 lend，主语 the library 是第三人称单数，用 lends。 15. describe /dɪˈskraɪb/v. 描述；描绘（vt.） 核心含义：指用语言描绘人、事、物的特征，后接宾语，常用搭配 describe sth. to sb.。 常见搭配：describe a person（描述一个人）、describe the scene（描绘场景）、describe to sb. sth.（向某人描述某物） 例句：The writer describes the boy's inner world very well in this novel. 练习题 (1) Can you ___ your new school to us? A. describe B. tell C. speak D. say (2) She ___ the beautiful view of the lake in her article. (用 describe 的适当形式填空) (3) He tried his best to ___ what he saw in the park. A. describing B. description C. describe D. described  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：describe sth. to sb. 指 “向某人描述某物”，符合语境；tell 后需接 sb. about sth.。 (2) described 解析：描述过去的动作，用一般过去时 described。 (3) C 解析：try one's best to do sth. 指 “尽力做某事”，后接动词原形 describe。 1. a good read 一本好书；一本好读物 核心用法：名词短语，read 此处为名词，表 “读物”，可与 a wonderful/great 等形容词搭配。 例句：This adventure story is a good read for primary school students. 练习题 (1) This book about nature is ___ for all ages. A. a good read B. good read C. a good reads D. good reads (2) My father gave me a ___ (good read) on my birthday. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：a good read 为固定短语，read 是可数名词单数，需加不定冠词 a。 (2) good read 解析：不定冠词 a 后接 a good read，无需变形。 2. be worth reading 值得一读 核心用法：固定搭配，worth 后接动词 - ing 形式，主动形式表被动含义，不可接 to do。 例句：This classic novel is worth reading many times. 练习题 (1) The new book by this writer is worth ___. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads (2) This story about friendship is ___ (worth read). (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) C 解析：worth 后接动词 - ing 形式，为固定用法。 (2) worth reading 解析：worth 后接 reading，主动表被动，意为 “值得一读”。 3. fall down 摔倒；跌倒 核心用法：动词短语，表身体失去平衡摔倒，无宾语；fall off 后需接宾语，表 “从…… 摔下”。 例句：He fell down on the ice because the road was too slippery. 练习题 (1) The little boy ___ and hurt his knee when he ran on the road. A. fell down B. fell off C. fell over D. fell behind (2) Be careful on the wet floor, or you will ___ (fall down). (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：后无宾语，表 “摔倒” 用 fall down；fall off 后需接宾语，排除 B。 (2) fall down 解析：will 后接动词原形，直接用 fall down。 4. be tied to the ground 被绑在地上 核心用法：被动结构，tie...to... 指 “把…… 绑在…… 上”，被动形式为 be tied to...，可替换宾语（the tree/the chair）。 例句：In the novel, the hero was tied to the ground by the bad men. 练习题 (1) The horse ___ the tree by the farmer just now. A. tied to B. was tied to C. ties to D. is tied to (2) His hands ___ (tie to the desk) by the bad guy in the story. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) B 解析：horse 与 tie 之间是被动关系，由 just now 可知用一般过去时的被动 was tied to。 (2) were tied to the desk 解析：hands 与 tie 之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动 were tied to the desk。 5. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事；努力挣脱 核心用法：动词短语，强调 “经过努力最终做成某事”，与 try to do sth.（努力做某事，不一定成功）区分。 例句：He managed to get out of the small room after two hours. 练习题 (1) She ___ to finish the book review before the deadline. A. hoped B. tried C. wanted D. managed (2) They ___ (manage to escape) from the small island at last. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) D 解析：由 “在截止日期前完成” 可知是 “设法做成”，用 managed；try to do 不一定成功。 (2) managed to escape 解析：由 at last 可知是过去做成的事，用一般过去时 managed to escape。 6. a large army of 一大群……；大批…… 核心用法：数量短语，后接可数名词复数，可替换为 a big army of，也可单独用 an army of。 例句：A large army of little people came to him in the novel. 练习题 (1) ___ birds flew to the south for winter. A. A large army of B. A large army C. Large army of D. A large armys of (2) ___ (a large army of) fans waited for the writer at the bookstore. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：a large army of 为固定短语，后接可数名词复数，表 “一大群……”。 (2) A large army of 解析：句首首字母大写，短语无需变形，后接 fans（复数）。 7. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 核心用法：介词短语，作状语，可替换 one's 为形容词性物主代词（my/his/her/their），后接完整句子。 例句：To my surprise, he finished reading the 500-page novel in three days. 练习题 (1) ___ , the little boy could read this novel by himself. A. In my surprise B. To me surprise C. For my surprise D. To my surprise (2) ___ (to his surprise), he found his lost book in the library. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) D 解析：to one's surprise 为固定短语，one's 用形容词性物主代词 my。 (2) To his surprise 解析：句首首字母大写，短语无需变形。 8. at a time 一次；每次 核心用法：副词短语，作状语，表 “每次的数量或动作”，常与数词搭配（three books at a time）。 例句：You can borrow two books from the library at a time. 练习题 (1) You can take only one apple ___ from the basket. A. at a time B. at times C. at the time D. in time (2) Please read three pages ___ (at a time) when you study English. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：at a time 表 “一次”，符合 “每次只拿一个苹果” 的语境；at times 表 “有时”。 (2) at a time 解析：短语作状语，无需变形，表 “一次读三页”。 9. hand in 上交；提交 核心用法：动词短语，后接宾语，表 “上交作业 / 报告 / 书评等”，宾语为代词时放中间（hand it in）。 例句：We need to hand in our book reviews to the teacher next Monday. 练习题 (1) Please ___ your homework before class begins. A. hand over B. hand on C. hand out D. hand in (2) She ___ (hand in) her book report to the teacher yesterday. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) D 解析：hand in 表 “上交”，符合 “上交作业” 的语境；hand out 表 “分发”。 (2) handed in 解析：由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时 handed in。 10. be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事 核心用法：形容词短语，unwilling 为形容词，表 “不愿意的”，反义词为 be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事）。 例句：He is unwilling to read this novel because he thinks it's too boring. 练习题 (1) She ___ to go to the library with us because she has a lot of homework. A. is unwilling B. unwilling C. is willing D. willing (2) They ___ (unwilling to read) the history books because they are too dry. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：be unwilling to do sth. 为固定短语，意为 “不愿意做某事”，缺少 be 动词 is。 (2) are unwilling to read 解析：主语 they 是复数，be 动词用 are，后接 unwilling to read。 11. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 核心用法：固定搭配，difficulty 为不可数名词，后接 doing sth.，in 可省略；也可用于 have some/much difficulty (in) doing sth.。 例句：I have difficulty (in) understanding this classic novel. 练习题 (1) He has difficulty ___ English novels because his English is not good. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads (2) We have much difficulty ___ (finish) the book review in one day. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) C 解析：have difficulty (in) doing sth. 为固定用法，后接动词 - ing 形式 reading。 (2) (in) finishing 解析：difficulty 后接 doing 形式，in 可省略，用 finishing。 12. fight for 为…… 而斗争；为…… 努力 核心用法：动词短语，后接名词 / 代词 /what 从句，表 “为某个目标、正义、真理等而努力 / 斗争”。 例句：The hero in the novel fought for his freedom all his life. 练习题 (1) They are fighting ___ their dreams and never give up. A. for B. with C. against D. about (2) We should fight ___ (our rights) as students. (用所给短语的适当形式填空)  答案与解析 (1) A 解析：fight for 表 “为…… 而努力”，符合 “为梦想努力” 的语境；fight with 表 “与…… 打架”。 (2) for our rights 解析：fight for 后接宾语 our rights，表 “为我们的权利而斗争”。 1. But I’m not a fan of history books. I like reading novels. 句意翻译：但我不是历史书迷，我喜欢读小说。 句型结构：主语 + be not a fan of + 名词（某物 / 某事）；主语 + like doing sth.（喜欢做某事） 关键知识点：a fan of 后接名词，表 “…… 的爱好者”；like 后接 doing sth.，表长期的爱好。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：我不是漫画迷，我喜欢读散文。 I’m not a fan of cartoons. I like ___ (read) essays. 答案与解析：reading 解析：like 后接 doing sth.，表长期爱好，用 reading。 2. The writer explores the rich inner life of a boy in the first person. 句意翻译：作者以第一人称的视角，探索了一个男孩丰富的内心世界。 句型结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + in the first person（方式状语） 关键知识点：in the first person 为固定短语，表 “以第一人称”；in the third person 表 “以第三人称”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：这位作家以第一人称写了这本小说。 The writer wrote this novel ___ ___ ___ ___. 答案与解析：in the first person 解析：表 “以第一人称”，用固定短语 in the first person。 3. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 句意翻译：我们的船撞上礁石后，我拼命地往前游。 句型结构：After + 从句（过去时），主句（过去时）；主语 + 动词 + as far as sb. could（尽某人所能） 关键知识点：after 引导时间状语从句，主从句均用一般过去时；as far as sb. could 表 “尽某人所能做某事”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：他摔倒后，尽他所能爬到了路边。 After he fell down, he climbed to the road side ___ ___ ___ he could. 答案与解析：as far as 解析：as far as sb. could 为固定结构，表 “尽某人所能”。 4. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. 句意翻译：当我终于感觉到脚下踩到陆地时，我已经筋疲力尽了。 句型结构：By the time + 从句（一般过去时），主句（过去完成时 / 一般过去时）；主语 + be tired out（筋疲力尽） 关键知识点：by the time 引导时间状语从句，表 “到…… 的时候”；tired out 为固定短语，表 “筋疲力尽”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：到他到达图书馆的时候，他已经筋疲力尽了。 By the time he got to the library, he ___ ___ ___. 答案与解析：was tired out 解析：tired out 表 “筋疲力尽”，主句用一般过去时 was tired out。 5. He was just as big as my little finger! 句意翻译：他的个头和我的小拇指差不多大！ 句型结构：主语 + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + 比较对象 关键知识点：as...as... 表 “和…… 一样……”，中间用形容词 / 副词原级，否定形式为 not as/so...as...。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：这本书和那本书一样厚。 This book is ___ ___ ___ that one. 答案与解析：as thick as 解析：as...as... 中间用形容词原级 thick，表 “和…… 一样厚”。 6. You can borrow three books at a time, but you must return them within a month. 句意翻译：你一次可以借三本书，但必须在一个月内归还它们。 句型结构：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他；but + 主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他 关键知识点：can 表 “可以”，表许可；must 表 “必须”，表义务；at a time 表 “一次”，within 表 “在…… 之内”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：你一次可以拿两个苹果，但必须在教室吃完它们。 You can take two apples ___ ___ ___, but you ___ eat them in the classroom. 答案与解析：at a time; must 解析：at a time 表 “一次”；must 表 “必须”，表义务。 7. If you want to take a book home, you can just take it to the librarian to borrow it out. 句意翻译：如果你想把书带回家，只需把它拿给图书管理员办理借阅手续就行。 句型结构：If + 条件状语从句（一般现在时），主句（can/may/will + 动词原形） 关键知识点：if 引导条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现”，主句有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：如果你想读这本小说，你可以从图书馆借它。 ___ you want to read this novel, you ___ borrow it from the library. 答案与解析：If; can 解析：if 引导条件状语从句；can 表 “可以”，表许可。 8. He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble with his friends. 句意翻译：他热爱玩乐又很勇敢，尽管他经常和朋友们一起惹麻烦。 句型结构：主语 + be + 形容词 1 + and + 形容词 2, though + 让步状语从句 关键知识点：though 引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管”，不能与 but 连用；get into trouble 表 “惹麻烦”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：他很聪明又努力，尽管他有时会犯错误。 He is clever and hard-working, ___ he sometimes makes mistakes. 答案与解析：though 解析：though 引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管”，不能与 but 连用。 本单元核心语法为疑问词 + 动词不定式（Wh- + to do）和must 与 have to 的用法辨析 （一）疑问词 + 动词不定式（Wh- + to do） 1. 核心用法 o 定义：疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/how）后接动词不定式（to do），构成名词性短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语。 o 常见疑问词： ① 疑问代词：what, who, which, whose； ② 疑问副词：where, when, how。 o 语法功能：可直接替换主语、宾语、表语，主语一致时可替代宾语从句（He doesn't know how to do it. = He doesn't know how he can do it.）。 o 易错点：及物动词后接 Wh-+to do 时，需保证疑问词能作宾语，若不能需加 it（如 how to do it，不能说 how to do）；不可重复加宾语（如 which book to read，不能说 which book to read it）。 o 特殊注意：why不能与动词不定式连用。 练习题 (1) ___ to solve this problem is very important for us. A. How B. How to C. How to do D. How to do it (2) She doesn't know ___ to ask for help when she is in trouble. A. who B. who to C. how D. how to (3) The question is ___ to go for our weekend trip. A. where B. when to C. when D. where to (4) I don't know ___ the book. Can you tell me? A. how to read B. how to read it C. which to read it D. what to read it (5) Which word can't be used with "to do"? A. how B. why C. when D. where 答案与解析 (1) B 解析：疑问词 + to do 作主语，how to solve this problem 表 “如何解决这个问题”，solve 后已有宾语 this problem，无需加 it。 (2) A 解析：know 后接宾语，who to ask for help 表 “向谁求助”，who 作 ask 的宾语，to 后接动词原形 ask，无需加 to。 (3) D 解析：表语从句用疑问词 + to do，where to go 表 “去哪里”，符合 “周末旅行去哪里” 的语境。 (4) A 解析：how to read the book 表 “如何读这本书”，read 后已有宾语 the book，无需加 it；C/D 均重复宾语，错误。 (5) B 解析：why 不能与动词不定式连用，为固定规则。 （二）must 和 have to 的用法辨析 1. 核心用法 情态动词 语气 / 属性 含义 否定形式 时态变化 例句 must 主观，说话人认为 必须、得（义务 / 必要）；一定（推测，仅肯定） must not/mustn't（禁止，不准） 无过去式 / 将来式 You must finish your homework today. have to 客观，外界条件迫使 不得不、必须（客观需要） don't/doesn't/didn't have to（不必） 有人称 / 数 / 时态变化（has to/had to/will have to） He has to go to school early because he lives far away. o 核心区别：must 强调主观意愿，have to 强调客观条件； o 否定易混点：mustn't 表 “禁止”，语气强硬；“不必” 用 don't have to 或 needn't（语气更委婉）； o 时态拓展：must 无过去式，表达过去 “必须” 需用 had to。 练习题 (1) You ___ smoke in the library, it's against the rules. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. haven't to (2) He ___ get up early every morning because his school is far from his home. A. must B. has to C. have to D. must to (3) We ___ finish the work today, we can finish it tomorrow. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to (4) She ___ walk to school yesterday because her bike was broken. A. must B. has to C. had to D. musted (5) —Must I hand in the book review today? —No, you ___. You can hand it in tomorrow. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. have to D. must 答案与解析 (1) A 解析：图书馆禁止吸烟，表 “禁止” 用 mustn't；don't have to/needn't 表 “不必”，与语境不符。 (2) B 解析：因为家离学校远，是 “客观条件迫使” 早起，用 have to；主语 he 是第三人称单数，用 has to。 (3) D 解析：由 “可以明天完成” 可知 “不必今天完成”，表 “不必” 用 don't have to。 (4) C 解析：yesterday 表过去，must 无过去式，表达过去 “不得不” 用 had to。 (5) B 解析：must 的一般疑问句，否定回答用 don't have to/needn't，表 “不必”；mustn't 表 “禁止”，不符合语境。 13 / 14乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 第4讲 Unit 4 A good read 单元核心知识（新教材译林版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 1. read /riːd/n. 读物，书（或文章等） v. 阅读（过去式 / 过去分词 read /red/） 核心含义：作名词指可读的书籍、文章；作动词指看文字理解内容。 常见搭配：a good read（一本好书）、read a novel（读小说）、read aloud（大声读） 例句：This science fiction is a really good read for teenagers. 练习题 (1) This storybook is a wonderful ___ for kids. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read (2) He ___ a newspaper every morning to get news. (用 read 的适当形式填空) (3) Which sentence uses "read" as a noun? A. I read this book last week. B. It is a good read for all ages. 2. novel /ˈnɒvl/n. （长篇）小说 核心含义：指篇幅较长、有完整情节和人物的虚构故事。 常见搭配：a science fiction novel（科幻小说）、write a novel（写小说）、read a novel（读小说） 例句：Lu Xun wrote many famous novels in his life. 练习题 (1) My favourite ___ is Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen. A. poem B. novel C. play D. essay (2) He spent five years writing a ___ about rural life. (用 novel 的适当形式填空) (3) Which is a type of novel? A. fairy tale B. science fiction C. short story 3. tired /ˈtaɪəd/adj. 累极了；疲倦的 核心含义：指身体或精神上感到疲惫，无精力。 常见搭配：feel tired（感到疲惫）、be tired of sth.（厌倦某事）、tired out（筋疲力尽） 例句：I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately after dinner. 练习题 (1) After a long walk, all of us felt very ___. A. happy B. tired C. excited D. angry (2) She is ___ of doing the same work every day. (用 tired 的适当形式填空) (3) He was ___ out after climbing the mountain for four hours. A. tires B. tiring C. tire D. tired 4. stomach /ˈstʌmək/n. 腹部；胃 核心含义：指人体的胃部，也可泛指腹部。 常见搭配：have a stomachache（胃痛）、in the stomach（在腹部）、stomach ache（腹痛） 例句：He ate too much ice cream and got a stomachache. 练习题 (1) I have a pain in my ___ after eating something cold. A. head B. stomach C. back D. arm (2) She fell down and hurt her ___ on the ground. (用 stomach 的适当形式填空) (3) If you eat too quickly, you may get a ___ ache. A. stomach B. head C. tooth D. throat 5. fall /fɔːl/v. 摔倒；落下（过去式 fell；过去分词 fallen） n. 摔倒；秋天 核心含义：作动词指身体失去平衡摔倒，或物体从高处落下；作名词可指摔倒或秋季。 常见搭配：fall down（摔倒）、fall off（从…… 摔下）、have a fall（摔倒） 例句：The little girl fell down on the road and cried. 练习题 (1) He ___ off his bike and hurt his leg yesterday. A. fell B. fall C. falls D. falling (2) Be careful not to have a ___ on the wet floor. (用 fall 的适当形式填空) (3) The leaves ___ from the trees in autumn every year. A. fallen B. fell C. fall D. falling 6. continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/v. 继续（vt. & vi.） 核心含义：指中断后重新开始，或持续做某事，可直接接动词 - ing 形式，也可接 to do。 常见搭配：continue doing sth.（继续做某事）、continue to do sth.（继续做某事）、continue with sth.（继续某事） 例句：He continued reading the novel after dinner. 练习题 (1) Let's ___ our work after a short rest. A. continuing B. continues C. continued D. continue (2) She continued ___ (study) English even when she was ill. (用所给词的适当形式填空) (3) Which is correct? A. He continue to watch TV. B. She continued writing the letter. 7. also /ˈɔːlsəʊ/adv. 也 核心含义：用于肯定句中，表 “也”，位置通常在实义动词前，be 动词 / 情态动词后。 常见搭配：also like（也喜欢）、also know（也知道）、also can（也能，较少用，常用 can also） 例句：She likes reading and she also likes writing. 练习题 (1) He ___ plays the piano after finishing his homework. A. too B. also C. either D. as well (2) I can ___ speak a little French besides English. (用 also 的适当形式填空) (3) Which word is used in negative sentences to mean "also"? A. also B. too C. either D. as well 8. pull /pʊl/v. 抽出；拉，拖（vt. & vi.） n. 拉，拖 核心含义：作动词指用力拉、拖某物，或从某处抽出；作名词指拉的动作。 常见搭配：pull out（抽出）、pull the rope（拉绳子）、give a pull（拉一下） 例句：He pulled his hand out of the cold water quickly. 练习题 (1) Please ___ the door open and come in. A. push B. pull C. take D. bring (2) She ___ a piece of paper out of her bag and gave it to me. (用 pull 的适当形式填空) (3) He gave a hard ___ at the rope and it broke. A. pull B. push C. hit D. knock 9. rope /rəʊp/n. 绳；绳索 核心含义：指由纤维拧成的粗绳，为可数名词，复数形式 ropes。 常见搭配：a piece of rope（一根绳子）、pull the rope（拉绳子）、tie with a rope（用绳子绑） 例句：The climbers used a strong rope to climb the mountain. 练习题 (1) We need a long ___ to tie the big box. A. rope B. paper C. wood D. glass (2) They bought two ___ to make a swing in the garden. (用 rope 的适当形式填空) (3) He tied the dog to the tree with a ___. A. rope B. book C. pen D. desk 10. discuss /dɪˈskʌs/v. 讨论，谈论，商量（vt.） 核心含义：指多人就某事交换意见，后直接接宾语，不加介词 about。 常见搭配：discuss a problem（讨论问题）、discuss the book（讨论这本书）、discuss with sb.（与某人讨论） 例句：We will discuss the new novel in our class meeting tomorrow. 练习题 (1) Let's ___ where to go for our school trip. A. talking B. discuss about C. discuss D. talk about (2) They ___ the book review for two hours yesterday. (用 discuss 的适当形式填空) (3) Which is correct? A. We discuss about the plan. B. They discussed the new film. 11. clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 了解清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的 v. 清理 核心含义：作形容词有多重含义，可指 “清楚的、清澈的、晴朗的”；作动词指 “清理、清除”。 常见搭配：a clear sky（晴朗的天空）、clear water（清澈的水）、clear the table（清理桌子） 例句：It's a clear day today, let's go out to read books in the park. 练习题 (1) The water in the lake is so ___ that we can see the fish clearly. A. cloudy B. dirty C. dark D. clear (2) Please ___ the rubbish off the desk before class. (用 clear 的适当形式填空) (3) The teacher made the problem ___ to all the students. A. clear B. clearly C. clearing D. cleared 12. suggest /səˈdʒest/v. 提出建议（vt.）；暗示 核心含义：表 “建议” 时，后接动词 - ing 形式，或 that 从句（从句用 should + 动词原形，should 可省）。 常见搭配：suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）、suggest a plan（提出一个计划）、suggest that...（建议……） 例句：She suggested reading this novel for our book report. 练习题 (1) He ___ going to the library to borrow some books. A. suggested B. suggested to C. advises D. advise to (2) My teacher ___ that I should read more classic novels. (用 suggest 的适当形式填空) (3) Which is correct? A. I suggest to go there by bus. B. She suggests staying here for a while. 13. end /end/n. 结尾，结局 v. 结束 核心含义：作名词指 “结尾、结局”，作动词指 “结束、终止”。 常见搭配：the end of...（…… 的结尾）、a happy end（一个圆满的结局）、end up（最终成为） 例句：I don't like the end of this novel, it's too sad. 练习题 (1) The ___ of the film is very surprising, everyone is shocked. A. start B. end C. middle D. beginning (2) The meeting ___ at five o'clock yesterday afternoon. (用 end 的适当形式填空) (3) She hopes to have a happy ___ to her story. A. ended B. ends C. ending D. end 14. lend /lend/v. （从图书馆等）借出；借给（过去式 lent；过去分词 lent） 核心含义：指把自己的东西借给别人，常用搭配 lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.，与 borrow（借入）相对。 常见搭配：lend a book（借书）、lend me a pen（借我一支笔）、lend sth. to sb.（把某物借给某人） 例句：The librarian lent me three novels yesterday. 练习题 (1) Can you ___ me your dictionary? I left mine at home. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. give (2) He ___ his bike to his friend last weekend. (用 lend 的适当形式填空) (3) The library ___ books to students for a month. A. lends B. borrows C. keeps D. gives 15. describe /dɪˈskraɪb/v. 描述；描绘（vt.） 核心含义：指用语言描绘人、事、物的特征，后接宾语，常用搭配 describe sth. to sb.。 常见搭配：describe a person（描述一个人）、describe the scene（描绘场景）、describe to sb. sth.（向某人描述某物） 例句：The writer describes the boy's inner world very well in this novel. 练习题 (1) Can you ___ your new school to us? A. describe B. tell C. speak D. say (2) She ___ the beautiful view of the lake in her article. (用 describe 的适当形式填空) (3) He tried his best to ___ what he saw in the park. A. describing B. description C. describe D. described 1. a good read 一本好书；一本好读物 核心用法：名词短语，read 此处为名词，表 “读物”，可与 a wonderful/great 等形容词搭配。 例句：This adventure story is a good read for primary school students. 练习题 (1) This book about nature is ___ for all ages. A. a good read B. good read C. a good reads D. good reads (2) My father gave me a ___ (good read) on my birthday. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 2. be worth reading 值得一读 核心用法：固定搭配，worth 后接动词 - ing 形式，主动形式表被动含义，不可接 to do。 例句：This classic novel is worth reading many times. 练习题 (1) The new book by this writer is worth ___. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads (2) This story about friendship is ___ (worth read). (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 3. fall down 摔倒；跌倒 核心用法：动词短语，表身体失去平衡摔倒，无宾语；fall off 后需接宾语，表 “从…… 摔下”。 例句：He fell down on the ice because the road was too slippery. 练习题 (1) The little boy ___ and hurt his knee when he ran on the road. A. fell down B. fell off C. fell over D. fell behind (2) Be careful on the wet floor, or you will ___ (fall down). (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 4. be tied to the ground 被绑在地上 核心用法：被动结构，tie...to... 指 “把…… 绑在…… 上”，被动形式为 be tied to...，可替换宾语（the tree/the chair）。 例句：In the novel, the hero was tied to the ground by the bad men. 练习题 (1) The horse ___ the tree by the farmer just now. A. tied to B. was tied to C. ties to D. is tied to (2) His hands ___ (tie to the desk) by the bad guy in the story. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 5. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事；努力挣脱 核心用法：动词短语，强调 “经过努力最终做成某事”，与 try to do sth.（努力做某事，不一定成功）区分。 例句：He managed to get out of the small room after two hours. 练习题 (1) She ___ to finish the book review before the deadline. A. hoped B. tried C. wanted D. managed (2) They ___ (manage to escape) from the small island at last. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 6. a large army of 一大群……；大批…… 核心用法：数量短语，后接可数名词复数，可替换为 a big army of，也可单独用 an army of。 例句：A large army of little people came to him in the novel. 练习题 (1) ___ birds flew to the south for winter. A. A large army of B. A large army C. Large army of D. A large armys of (2) ___ (a large army of) fans waited for the writer at the bookstore. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 7. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 核心用法：介词短语，作状语，可替换 one's 为形容词性物主代词（my/his/her/their），后接完整句子。 例句：To my surprise, he finished reading the 500-page novel in three days. 练习题 (1) ___ , the little boy could read this novel by himself. A. In my surprise B. To me surprise C. For my surprise D. To my surprise (2) ___ (to his surprise), he found his lost book in the library. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 8. at a time 一次；每次 核心用法：副词短语，作状语，表 “每次的数量或动作”，常与数词搭配（three books at a time）。 例句：You can borrow two books from the library at a time. 练习题 (1) You can take only one apple ___ from the basket. A. at a time B. at times C. at the time D. in time (2) Please read three pages ___ (at a time) when you study English. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 9. hand in 上交；提交 核心用法：动词短语，后接宾语，表 “上交作业 / 报告 / 书评等”，宾语为代词时放中间（hand it in）。 例句：We need to hand in our book reviews to the teacher next Monday. 练习题 (1) Please ___ your homework before class begins. A. hand over B. hand on C. hand out D. hand in (2) She ___ (hand in) her book report to the teacher yesterday. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 10. be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事 核心用法：形容词短语，unwilling 为形容词，表 “不愿意的”，反义词为 be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事）。 例句：He is unwilling to read this novel because he thinks it's too boring. 练习题 (1) She ___ to go to the library with us because she has a lot of homework. A. is unwilling B. unwilling C. is willing D. willing (2) They ___ (unwilling to read) the history books because they are too dry. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 11. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 核心用法：固定搭配，difficulty 为不可数名词，后接 doing sth.，in 可省略；也可用于 have some/much difficulty (in) doing sth.。 例句：I have difficulty (in) understanding this classic novel. 练习题 (1) He has difficulty ___ English novels because his English is not good. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads (2) We have much difficulty ___ (finish) the book review in one day. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 12. fight for 为…… 而斗争；为…… 努力 核心用法：动词短语，后接名词 / 代词 /what 从句，表 “为某个目标、正义、真理等而努力 / 斗争”。 例句：The hero in the novel fought for his freedom all his life. 练习题 (1) They are fighting ___ their dreams and never give up. A. for B. with C. against D. about (2) We should fight ___ (our rights) as students. (用所给短语的适当形式填空) 1. But I’m not a fan of history books. I like reading novels. 句意翻译：但我不是历史书迷，我喜欢读小说。 句型结构：主语 + be not a fan of + 名词（某物 / 某事）；主语 + like doing sth.（喜欢做某事） 关键知识点：a fan of 后接名词，表 “…… 的爱好者”；like 后接 doing sth.，表长期的爱好。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：我不是漫画迷，我喜欢读散文。 I’m not a fan of cartoons. I like ___ (read) essays. 2. The writer explores the rich inner life of a boy in the first person. 句意翻译：作者以第一人称的视角，探索了一个男孩丰富的内心世界。 句型结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + in the first person（方式状语） 关键知识点：in the first person 为固定短语，表 “以第一人称”；in the third person 表 “以第三人称”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：这位作家以第一人称写了这本小说。 The writer wrote this novel ___ ___ ___ ___. 3. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 句意翻译：我们的船撞上礁石后，我拼命地往前游。 句型结构：After + 从句（过去时），主句（过去时）；主语 + 动词 + as far as sb. could（尽某人所能） 关键知识点：after 引导时间状语从句，主从句均用一般过去时；as far as sb. could 表 “尽某人所能做某事”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：他摔倒后，尽他所能爬到了路边。 After he fell down, he climbed to the road side ___ ___ ___ he could. 4. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. 句意翻译：当我终于感觉到脚下踩到陆地时，我已经筋疲力尽了。 句型结构：By the time + 从句（一般过去时），主句（过去完成时 / 一般过去时）；主语 + be tired out（筋疲力尽） 关键知识点：by the time 引导时间状语从句，表 “到…… 的时候”；tired out 为固定短语，表 “筋疲力尽”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：到他到达图书馆的时候，他已经筋疲力尽了。 By the time he got to the library, he ___ ___ ___. 5. He was just as big as my little finger! 句意翻译：他的个头和我的小拇指差不多大！ 句型结构：主语 + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + 比较对象 关键知识点：as...as... 表 “和…… 一样……”，中间用形容词 / 副词原级，否定形式为 not as/so...as...。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：这本书和那本书一样厚。 This book is ___ ___ ___ that one. 6. You can borrow three books at a time, but you must return them within a month. 句意翻译：你一次可以借三本书，但必须在一个月内归还它们。 句型结构：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他；but + 主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他 关键知识点：can 表 “可以”，表许可；must 表 “必须”，表义务；at a time 表 “一次”，within 表 “在…… 之内”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：你一次可以拿两个苹果，但必须在教室吃完它们。 You can take two apples ___ ___ ___, but you ___ eat them in the classroom. 7. If you want to take a book home, you can just take it to the librarian to borrow it out. 句意翻译：如果你想把书带回家，只需把它拿给图书管理员办理借阅手续就行。 句型结构：If + 条件状语从句（一般现在时），主句（can/may/will + 动词原形） 关键知识点：if 引导条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现”，主句有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：如果你想读这本小说，你可以从图书馆借它。 ___ you want to read this novel, you ___ borrow it from the library. 8. He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble with his friends. 句意翻译：他热爱玩乐又很勇敢，尽管他经常和朋友们一起惹麻烦。 句型结构：主语 + be + 形容词 1 + and + 形容词 2, though + 让步状语从句 关键知识点：though 引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管”，不能与 but 连用；get into trouble 表 “惹麻烦”。 练习题 (1) 翻译填空：他很聪明又努力，尽管他有时会犯错误。 He is clever and hard-working, ___ he sometimes makes mistakes. 本单元核心语法为疑问词 + 动词不定式（Wh- + to do）和must 与 have to 的用法辨析 （一）疑问词 + 动词不定式（Wh- + to do） 1. 核心用法 o 定义：疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/how）后接动词不定式（to do），构成名词性短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语。 o 常见疑问词： ① 疑问代词：what, who, which, whose； ② 疑问副词：where, when, how。 o 语法功能：可直接替换主语、宾语、表语，主语一致时可替代宾语从句（He doesn't know how to do it. = He doesn't know how he can do it.）。 o 易错点：及物动词后接 Wh-+to do 时，需保证疑问词能作宾语，若不能需加 it（如 how to do it，不能说 how to do）；不可重复加宾语（如 which book to read，不能说 which book to read it）。 o 特殊注意：why不能与动词不定式连用。 练习题 (1) ___ to solve this problem is very important for us. A. How B. How to C. How to do D. How to do it (2) She doesn't know ___ to ask for help when she is in trouble. A. who B. who to C. how D. how to (3) The question is ___ to go for our weekend trip. A. where B. when to C. when D. where to (4) I don't know ___ the book. Can you tell me? A. how to read B. how to read it C. which to read it D. what to read it (5) Which word can't be used with "to do"? A. how B. why C. when D. where （二）must 和 have to 的用法辨析 1. 核心用法 情态动词 语气 / 属性 含义 否定形式 时态变化 例句 must 主观，说话人认为 必须、得（义务 / 必要）；一定（推测，仅肯定） must not/mustn't（禁止，不准） 无过去式 / 将来式 You must finish your homework today. have to 客观，外界条件迫使 不得不、必须（客观需要） don't/doesn't/didn't have to（不必） 有人称 / 数 / 时态变化（has to/had to/will have to） He has to go to school early because he lives far away. o 核心区别：must 强调主观意愿，have to 强调客观条件； o 否定易混点：mustn't 表 “禁止”，语气强硬；“不必” 用 don't have to 或 needn't（语气更委婉）； o 时态拓展：must 无过去式，表达过去 “必须” 需用 had to。 练习题 (1) You ___ smoke in the library, it's against the rules. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. haven't to (2) He ___ get up early every morning because his school is far from his home. A. must B. has to C. have to D. must to (3) We ___ finish the work today, we can finish it tomorrow. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to (4) She ___ walk to school yesterday because her bike was broken. A. must B. has to C. had to D. musted (5) —Must I hand in the book review today? —No, you ___. You can hand it in tomorrow. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. have to D. must 12 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $