Unit 6 Disaster and hope核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年高一英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 6 Disaster and hope 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→ n．爆发 2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→ adj.立刻的 3．occur v．发生→ n．发生 4．announcement n．通告，公告→ v．宣告 5．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→ v．依靠 6．emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件→ adj.紧急的；突发的 7．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→ adj.杰出的，卓越的；特别的 8．threaten v．威胁到，危及→ n．威胁；可能带来威胁的人(事) 9．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→ adj.精确的，准确的 10．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→ adv.足够地，充足地 一、单句语法填空 1．On hearing the doorbell, she rushed out from the room and opened the door. (immediate) 2．Researchers claim that young people may risk going deaf if (expose) to very loud music on a daily basis. 3．The pilot made an (announce) that there would be a slight delay before landing. 4．Only if it were to snow (exceptional) heavily might railway services be temporarily dislocated. 5．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on (warm) for decades or centuries. 6．They could do (precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure. 7．The twins cheered up and did as (tell). 8．The desert appeared completely empty, which was calming and (threaten) at the same time. 9．It never occurred to her (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble. 10．An earthquake,which may cause great damage,is one of the most common natural (disaster). 11．Seeing the snake winding around the branch, I felt a bit (scary) and ran away. 12．Suddenly a good idea (occur) to me, but I couldn’t find any paper to write on. 13．Messi’s talents stand out in (compare)with other football players. 14．She does not think it’s necessary to stay home every day with the children and she knows a (rely) babysitter who’s willing to come to her house. 15．Once (face) with difficulties, we should try to overcome them instead of escaping. 16．Though (leave) behind, Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line. 17．When (face) with a problem, she always tries to solve it with optimism. 18．With the help of the local guide, the mountain climber (rescue) in the end. 19．For unexpected (emergency), we still have a “little bank” to depend on. 20． (grab) your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 二、单词拼写 21．The program is under (威胁) of closure due to lack of funding. 22．It is highly necessary to protect ourselves against the dangers of the coming (台风). 23．In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until (午夜). 24．Here is (充足的)evidence to show that plastic bags have caused white pollution to the environment. 25．Dog owners should be responsible if their pets cause damage to other people’s (所有物). 26．The (县) has been lifted out of poverty with the help of the local government. 27．Hollywood shows 14 (十亿) images of smoking to young people every year. 28．There are only 35 staff to serve 30,000- (多,余) customers. 29．Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it (否则). 30．According to a weather report, a (飓风) called Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida. 三、完成句子 31．我知道你参与了很多海外救援行动。 I know you have taken part in . 32．当查找信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。 some information, we can operate by touching the screen. 33．当被问到这次旅行对他意味着什么时，他说这是他“一生都难以忘怀的经历”。 When what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “ ”. 34．即使被邀请,他也不会来我们的聚会。 He won’t come to our party . 35．而且，我也没做充分的训练和准备。 , I haven’t done enough practice for them.    36．她不仅歌唱得好, 而且舞跳得也好。 She beautifully wonderfully. 37．如果有必要,我可以马上来。 , I can come at once. 38．我突然想到我可以把书捐给慈善机构。 that I could donate the books to charities. 39．苏格兰人被问到这个问题会很恼怒。 The Scots get very annoyed . 40．我们要求立即推迟会议。 We request . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some 4, 000 years ago, the Liangzhu culture, known for its sophisticated city of canals 41 (call) “China’s Venice of the Stone Age,” suddenly disappeared. Historians debated whether war, disease, or starvation caused its collapse, but recent research points to climate change 42 a key factor. Located near the East China Sea, Liangzhu 43 (be) home to an advanced Stone Age civilization for about 1,000 years, supporting an active agricultural system through its canals. Liangzhu City was listed as 44 UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019. Researchers from the University of Innsbruck had long sought to explain 45 Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of a thin layer of clay on the ruins suggested a possible connection between the ends of the advanced civilization 46 floods of the Yangtze River or floods from the East China Sea. However, no clear conclusions on the cause were possible from the mud layer 47 (it). A breakthrough came when scientists studied stalagmites (石笋) from two nearby underwater caves. As Dr. Peter Dockrill reported for Science Alert, their team discovered chemical signatures from about 4,300 years ago that showed 48 (extreme) high rainfall, probably caused by the 49 (warm) of ocean waters in the Pacific - an event known as the El Nino (厄尔尼诺). The study notes that wet conditions lasted for several hundred years following the collapse of Liangzhu, eventually paving the way for the rise of the Xia dynasty in 2070 B．C．E. It’s celebrated 50 (found), Yu the Great, introduced more extensive flood-control methods and is known as the “Tamer of the Flood.” 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped and changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers 51 (stick) in airports. Grimstvotn is one of the largest and most active 52 (volcano) in Europe. 53 makes Grimstvotn different is that it lies under 54 huge glacier of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, 55 then forms a layer of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water 56 (flow) out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is 57 (exact) what happened today. Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not 58 (fly) through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of the European’s biggest airlines, airplanes can neither go under the cloud nor over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting caught in the airplane’s engines, 59 (cause) damage to the plane. The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to keep them 60 eating ash-covered grass or the sharp object. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Disaster and hope 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发 2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立刻的 3．occur v．发生→occurrence n．发生 4．announcement n．通告，公告→announce v．宣告 5．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→rely v．依靠 6．emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件→emergent adj.紧急的；突发的 7．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→exceptional adj.杰出的，卓越的；特别的 8．threaten v．威胁到，危及→threat n．威胁；可能带来威胁的人(事) 9．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→precise adj.精确的，准确的 10．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv.足够地，充足地 一、单句语法填空 1．On hearing the doorbell, she rushed out from the room and opened the door. (immediate) 【答案】immediately 【详解】考查副词。句意：一听到门铃响，她就立刻冲出房间，然后打开了门。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用副词immediately“立刻”，作状语，修饰rushed。故填immediately。 2．Researchers claim that young people may risk going deaf if (expose) to very loud music on a daily basis. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：研究人员声称，如果年轻人每天接触非常吵闹的音乐，可能会面临失聪的风险。此处是if引导的状语从句的省略，当从句主语和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，主语young people和exposed是被动关系，完整从句为if they are exposed to very loud music on a daily basis，省略they are，故填exposed。 3．The pilot made an (announce) that there would be a slight delay before landing. 【答案】announcement 【详解】考查名词。句意：飞行员通知着陆前会有一点延迟。不定冠词an提示，用单数名词announcement作宾语。故填announcement。 4．Only if it were to snow (exceptional) heavily might railway services be temporarily dislocated. 【答案】exceptionally 【详解】考查副词。句意：只有在下雪特别大的情况下，铁路服务才会暂时中断。空格处应该用副词exceptionally作状语，修饰后面的副词heavily。故填exceptionally。 5．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on (warm) for decades or centuries. 【答案】warming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量，气候变暖仍将持续几十年或几个世纪。此处考查固定搭配keep on doing something“继续做某事”，所以，空格处应该用动名词作宾语。故填warming。 6．They could do (precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure. 【答案】precisely 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。空处修饰动词do，应用副词形式，故填precisely。 7．The twins cheered up and did as (tell). 【答案】told 【详解】考查省略句。句意：双胞胎高兴起来，照吩咐做了。此处为状语从句的省略，从句主语twins与tell构成被动关系，省略主语和be动词，故填told。 8．The desert appeared completely empty, which was calming and (threaten) at the same time. 【答案】threatening 【详解】考查形容词。句意：沙漠看起来完全空无一人，既平静又充满威胁。本空用形容词threatening，意为“险恶的”，作表语。故填threatening。 9．It never occurred to her (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble. 【答案】to ask 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她遇到困难时从未想过向任何人求助。it occurs to sb to do sth“某人想起做某事”为固定句型，it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填to ask。 10．An earthquake,which may cause great damage,is one of the most common natural (disaster). 【答案】disasters 【详解】考查名词。句意：地震是最常见的自然灾害之一，可能造成巨大的破坏。此处应填名词作宾语，disaster是可数名词，one of后接名词的复数，故填disasters。 11．Seeing the snake winding around the branch, I felt a bit (scary) and ran away. 【答案】scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到蛇缠绕在树枝上，我感到有点害怕，就跑开了。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；scared为形容词，意为“害怕的、恐惧的”，符合句意。故填scared。 12．Suddenly a good idea (occur) to me, but I couldn’t find any paper to write on. 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：突然，我想到了一个好主意，但我找不到可以写字的纸。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据“couldn’t find”和句意可知，应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；动词短语occur to sb表示“某人突然想到”，符合句子和句意，故应用主动语态。故填occurred。 13．Messi’s talents stand out in (compare)with other football players. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查名词。句意：与其他足球运动员相比，梅西的天赋很突出。根据介词“in”可知，空处应用名词，作宾语；comparison为名词，表示“比较”，介词短语in comparison with意为“与……作比较”，符合句意。故填comparison。 14．She does not think it’s necessary to stay home every day with the children and she knows a (rely) babysitter who’s willing to come to her house. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她认为没有必要每天呆在家里带孩子，而且她认识一个可靠的保姆，愿意来她家。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，rely的形容词形式是reliable意为“可靠的”。故填reliable。 15．Once (face) with difficulties, we should try to overcome them instead of escaping. 【答案】faced 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦遇到困难，我们就应该设法克服，而不是逃避。在时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。be faced with意为“面对”，为固定搭配。Once引导的时间状语从句省略主语we和be动词，其完整形式为：Once we are faced with difficulties，因此空处应用过去分词faced。故填faced。 16．Though (leave) behind, Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line. 【答案】left 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：杰克虽然落在后面，但他还是继续跑，直到到达终点线。分析句子结构可知，Though引导的让步状语从句省略了主语和be动词，完整形式应为Though Jack was left behind，主语“Jack”和“leave behind”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，由于主从句主语一致，故从句省略了主语和be动词，留下过去分词。故填left。 17．When (face) with a problem, she always tries to solve it with optimism. 【答案】faced 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当面对问题时，她总是以乐观的态度去解决。when引导的时间状语从句主语为she，be faced with“面临”为固定搭配，此从句为When she is faced with a problem，when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，从句谓语中有be动词时，从句主语与be动词可以省略，故填faced。 18．With the help of the local guide, the mountain climber (rescue) in the end. 【答案】was rescued 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，登山者终于获救了。分析句子结构可知，rescue作本句谓语，和主语the mountain climber之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数。故填was rescued。 19．For unexpected (emergency), we still have a “little bank” to depend on. 【答案】emergencies 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：对于突发事件，我们仍然有一个“小银行”可以依靠。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词emergency“突发事件，紧急情况”，空前无冠词，结合句意可知，突发事件不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作For的宾语。故填emergencies。 20． (grab) your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 【答案】Grabbing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：另一只手紧紧抓住拳头，快速向内向上一次推至他的腹部。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是省略主语you的祈使句，grab作非谓语动词，与祈使句中隐含的逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，空处应用现在分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Grabbing。 二、单词拼写 21．The program is under (威胁) of closure due to lack of funding. 【答案】threat 【详解】考查名词。句意：因为缺乏资金，这个项目面临关闭的威胁。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用名词threat，作宾语，不可数名词。故填threat。 22．It is highly necessary to protect ourselves against the dangers of the coming (台风). 【答案】typhoon 【详解】考查名词。句意：保护自己免受即将到来的台风危险是非常必要的。根据汉语提示及“the coming”可知，空处需填名词，typhoon作名词，表示“台风”，这里特指即将到来的台风，故用名词单数。故填typhoon。 23．In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until (午夜). 【答案】midnight 【详解】考查名词。句意：除了这些安排外，额外的救护车将一直值班到午夜。表示“午夜”应用名词midnight。故填midnight。 24．Here is (充足的)evidence to show that plastic bags have caused white pollution to the environment. 【答案】sufficient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有足够的证据表明塑料袋对环境造成了白色污染。表示“充足的”应用形容词sufficient，此处作定语修饰名词evidence。故填sufficient。 25．Dog owners should be responsible if their pets cause damage to other people’s (所有物). 【答案】property 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果宠物对他人财产造成损害，养狗人应承担责任。表示“所有物”应用名词property，意为“所有物；财产”，此处在句中作宾语。故填property。 26．The (县) has been lifted out of poverty with the help of the local government. 【答案】county 【详解】考查名词。句意：在当地政府的帮助下，这个县已经摆脱了贫困。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作主语。表示“县”应用county。故填county。 27．Hollywood shows 14 (十亿) images of smoking to young people every year. 【答案】billion 【详解】考查名词。句意：好莱坞每年向年轻人播放140亿张吸烟的图片。根据汉语提示可知，billion十亿，其前有具体数字时，billion后不加s，故填billion。 28．There are only 35 staff to serve 30,000- (多,余) customers. 【答案】plus 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有35名员工为30000多名客户提供服务。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，形容词plus符合题意，常用于数字后表示实际数量较大。故填plus。 29．Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it (否则). 【答案】otherwise 【详解】考查副词。句意：谢谢你指路到这个房子；否则我们就找不到它。结合汉语提示可知，otherwise否则，副词，在句中作状语。故填otherwise。 30．According to a weather report, a (飓风) called Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida. 【答案】hurricane 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据天气预报，一场名为贝蒂的飓风正在接近佛罗里达海岸。根据汉语提示以及空前的a可知，空处需要名词作主语，hurricane“飓风”。空前为不定冠词a，所以空处需要可数名词的单数形式。故填hurricane。 三、完成句子 31．我知道你参与了很多海外救援行动。 I know you have taken part in . 【答案】many rescue operations overseas 【详解】考查名词短语等。表示“很多救援行动”可用名词短语many rescue operations，作宾语；表示“海外”可用副词overseas，作地点状语。故填many rescue operations overseas。 32．当查找信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。 some information, we can operate by touching the screen. 【答案】 When searching for 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。根据汉语提示和句子结构，设空处为“当查找信息时”，“当……时”表达为连接词when，“查找信息”表达为动词短语search for，可表达为“when we are searching for some information”，当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，且从句的主语后为系动词，从句可省略主语和系动词，句首单词首字母大写。故填：①When；②searching；③for。 33．当被问到这次旅行对他意味着什么时，他说这是他“一生都难以忘怀的经历”。 When what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “ ”. 【答案】 asked an experience of a lifetime 【详解】考查省略句和固定短语。表示“问”用ask，第一空在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用asked；第二空表示“一生都难以忘怀的经历”短语为an experience of a lifetime。故填①asked；②an experience of a lifetime。 34．即使被邀请,他也不会来我们的聚会。 He won’t come to our party . 【答案】even if invited 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。根据句意可知，此处表示“即使”应为even if引导让步状语从句，表示“邀请”应为invite与句子主语为被动关系，在让步状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语均为he，且谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be动词”。故填even if invited。 35．而且，我也没做充分的训练和准备。 , I haven’t done enough practice for them.    【答案】What’s more/In addition 【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“而且”，是固定短语what’s more/in addition，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填What’s more/In addition。 36．她不仅歌唱得好, 而且舞跳得也好。 She beautifully wonderfully. 【答案】 not only sings but also dances 【详解】考查固定句型和动词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为固定句型not only…but also…“不但……而且……”，满足句意，表示“唱歌”为动词sing；表示“跳舞”为动词dance，结合主语She第三人称单数形式，所以为动词三单形式。故分别填not only sings；but also dances。 37．如果有必要,我可以马上来。 , I can come at once. 【答案】 If necessary 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，空处缺少if necessary“如果有必要”，固定短语，故填If necessary。 38．我突然想到我可以把书捐给慈善机构。 that I could donate the books to charities. 【答案】It struck me/ It hit me/ It occurred to me 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“某人突然想到”可用固定句型it struck sb. that或it hit sb. that或it occurred to sb. that。故填It struck me或 It hit me或 It occurred to me。 39．苏格兰人被问到这个问题会很恼怒。 The Scots get very annoyed . 【答案】when asked this question 【详解】考查省略句。本句为状语从句的省略句，还原为：when  the Scots  are asked。省略了 the Scots  are。 故答案为when asked this question。 40．我们要求立即推迟会议。 We request . 【答案】that the meeting (should) be put off immediately 【详解】考查虚拟语气。request表示要求所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略。从句主语为meeting，表示“立即推迟”应用be put off immediately。故填that the meeting (should) be put off immediately。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some 4, 000 years ago, the Liangzhu culture, known for its sophisticated city of canals 41 (call) “China’s Venice of the Stone Age,” suddenly disappeared. Historians debated whether war, disease, or starvation caused its collapse, but recent research points to climate change 42 a key factor. Located near the East China Sea, Liangzhu 43 (be) home to an advanced Stone Age civilization for about 1,000 years, supporting an active agricultural system through its canals. Liangzhu City was listed as 44 UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019. Researchers from the University of Innsbruck had long sought to explain 45 Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of a thin layer of clay on the ruins suggested a possible connection between the ends of the advanced civilization 46 floods of the Yangtze River or floods from the East China Sea. However, no clear conclusions on the cause were possible from the mud layer 47 (it). A breakthrough came when scientists studied stalagmites (石笋) from two nearby underwater caves. As Dr. Peter Dockrill reported for Science Alert, their team discovered chemical signatures from about 4,300 years ago that showed 48 (extreme) high rainfall, probably caused by the 49 (warm) of ocean waters in the Pacific - an event known as the El Nino (厄尔尼诺). The study notes that wet conditions lasted for several hundred years following the collapse of Liangzhu, eventually paving the way for the rise of the Xia dynasty in 2070 B．C．E. It’s celebrated 50 (found), Yu the Great, introduced more extensive flood-control methods and is known as the “Tamer of the Flood.” 【答案】 41．called 42．as 43．was 44．a 45．why 46．and 47．itself 48．extremely 49．warming 50．founder 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍良渚文化消失之谜，指出气候变化引发的洪水或为其消亡主因，及相关研究发现。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：大约4000年前，以有着“中国石器时代威尼斯”之称的复杂运河之城闻名的良渚文化突然消失了。此处为非谓语动词作定语，a sophisticated city of canals与call为被动关系，用过去分词called。故填called。 42．考查介词。句意：历史学家曾争论是战争、疾病还是饥荒导致了它的衰落，但近期研究指出气候变化是一个关键因素。此处为固定搭配point to...as...，意为“指出……作为……”，用介词as。故填as。 43．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：良渚位于中国东海附近，在约1000年的时间里是先进石器时代文明的发祥地，通过其运河维系着发达的农业体系。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的事实，用一般过去时，主语Liangzhu为单数，所以用was。故填was。 44．考查冠词。句意：良渚古城于2019年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。此处泛指“一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产”，UNESCO是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 45．考查宾语从句。句意：因斯布鲁克大学的研究人员长期以来一直试图解释良渚为何被废弃，而遗址上发现的一层薄薄的黏土层表明，这个先进文明的消亡可能与长江洪水或东海洪水有关。此处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处缺少原因状语，表示“为什么”，用连接副词why。故填why。 46．考查连词。句意：因斯布鲁克大学的研究人员长期以来一直试图解释良渚为何被废弃，而遗址上发现的一层薄薄的黏土层表明，这个先进文明的消亡可能与长江洪水或东海洪水有关。此处为固定搭配between...and...，意为“在……和……之间”，用连词and。故填and。 47．考查代词。句意：然而，仅从黏土层本身无法得出关于其消亡原因的确切结论。此处指代the mud layer自身，用反身代词itself。故填itself。 48．考查副词。句意：正如彼得·多克里尔博士为《科学警报》所报道的那样，他们的团队发现了大约4300年前的化学特征，这些特征表明当时降雨量极大，这可能是由太平洋海水升温——一种被称为厄尔尼诺的现象——引起的。此处修饰形容词high，用extreme的副词形式extremely。故填extremely。 49．考查名词。句意：正如彼得·多克里尔博士为《科学警报》所报道的那样，他们的团队发现了大约4300年前的化学特征，这些特征表明当时降雨量极大，这可能是由太平洋海水升温——一种被称为厄尔尼诺的现象——引起的。此处位于定冠词the之后，用warm的名词形式warming，意为“升温”符合句意。故填warming。 50．考查名词。句意：该研究指出，良渚文化衰落后，湿润的气候持续了数百年，最终为公元前2070年夏朝的兴起铺平了道路。夏朝的开国君主大禹引进了更广泛的治水方法，被称为“治水英雄”。此处指“夏朝的开国君主”，用found的名词形式founder，意为“创立者，奠基者”。故填founder。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped and changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers 51 (stick) in airports. Grimstvotn is one of the largest and most active 52 (volcano) in Europe. 53 makes Grimstvotn different is that it lies under 54 huge glacier of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, 55 then forms a layer of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water 56 (flow) out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is 57 (exact) what happened today. Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not 58 (fly) through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of the European’s biggest airlines, airplanes can neither go under the cloud nor over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting caught in the airplane’s engines, 59 (cause) damage to the plane. The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to keep them 60 eating ash-covered grass or the sharp object. 【答案】 51．stuck 52．volcanoes 53．What 54．a 55．which 56．flows 57．exactly 58．to fly 59．causing 60．from 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了冰岛格里姆火山喷发导致火山灰扩散，引发欧洲航班停飞、农业受损，并介绍了该火山因其特殊冰川覆盖结构而具有的独特喷发机制。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：航空公司暂停或调整跨大西洋航班，数百名乘客被困机场。空处作宾语补足语，stick“卡住”和hundreds of passengers逻辑上是被动关系，因此用stick的过去分词形式，“leave sb.+过去分词”表示“使某人处于某种状态”。故填stuck。 52．考查名词复数。句意：格里姆火山是欧洲最大、最活跃的火山之一。根据“one of the largest and most active”可知，此处用固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”。故填volcanoes。 53．考查主语从句。句意：格里姆火山的独特之处在于它位于一座厚达12米的巨大冰川之下。空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“that it lies under ____4____ huge glacier of ice up to 12 meters thick”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 54．考查冠词。句意：格里姆火山的独特之处在于它位于一座厚达12米的巨大冰川之下。空处表示泛指，意为“一座厚达12米的巨大冰川”，应用不定冠词，且huge的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 55．考查定语从句。句意：火山的热量融化上方冰层，这在冰川与火山之间形成水层。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子进行补充说明，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 56．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当水从冰川下流出时，压力减小。空处作从句的谓语，结合“the pressure lifts”可知，时态应用一般现在时，描述通常的情况，主语the water是不可数名词，flow“流淌”应用第三人称单数形式。故填flows。 57．考查副词。句意：这正是今天发生的情况。空处修饰作表语的名词性从句，应用副词exactly，意为“恰好，完全”，表示强调。故填exactly。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，航空公司必须调整航线以避免飞越火山灰云。so as not to do是固定搭配，表示“为了不做某事”。故填to fly。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：穿过火山灰云可能导致火山灰进入引擎，损坏飞机。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用cause“导致”的现在分词形式。故填causing。 60．考查介词。句意：农民将动物圈养起来，防止它们食用被火山灰覆盖的草或尖锐物体。根据“eating ash-covered grass or the sharp object”可知，此处用短语keep sb./sth. from doing表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”。故填from。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $