词法 01-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】代词用法全解 词法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，代词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项 选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子指代 明确性与语法正确性)。在语境理解类题目中，代词的人称一致性、格的正确使用及不定代词的辨 析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·人称代词：主格与宾格的句法功能辨析（作主语、宾语）及语境选择 ·物主代词：形容词性与名词性的用法区别（后接名词/独立使用）及指代一致性 。指示代词：this/that/these/those的指代范围（近指/远指、单数/复数）与语境匹配 。不定代词：some/any的基本用法（肯定句/否定句/疑问句）及常见搭配辨析 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 1.人称代词（表示人或事物的代词） 1.主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they ·例句：She is a student./They play football every Sunday. 2.宾格（作宾语)：me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them ●例句：My mother bought me a gift./The teacher helped us with our lessons. 2.物主代词（表示所属关系） 1.形容词性（后接名词)：my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their 。例句：This is my book./Their classroom is big and bright. 2.名词性（独立使用）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/yours/theirs 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 。例句：The red pen is mine./These toys are theirs.. 3.指示代词（指示人或事物） 1.常见指示代词：his(这个)、hat(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些) 。例句：This is a cat../Those are apples.. 4.不定代词（不特指某个人或事物） 1.some(一些，用于肯定句或表请求的疑问句)：I have some books./Would you like some tea? 2.any（一些/任何，用于否定句或疑间句)：He doesn't have any pens./Do you have any questions? 知识点二：代词核心用法分类及辨析 1.人称代词（主格/宾格) 1.主格（作主语，位于动词前) 。第一人称：I(我)、we(我们) ·第二人称：you(你/你们) 。第三人称：he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、hey(他们/她们/它们) ●例句：She is my best friend./They often play football after school.. 2.宾格（作宾语，位于动词或介词后） ●第一人称：me(我)、us(我们) ·第二人称：you(你/你们) 。第三人称：him(他)、her（她)、it(它)、them(他们/她们/它们) ·例句：My mother bought a gift for me../The teacher praised him yesterday,. 2.物主代词（形容词性/名词性） 1.形容词性物主代词（后接名词，表所属） ·第一人称：y(我的)、our(我们的) 。第二人称：your(你的/你们的) ·第三人称：his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、heir(他们的/她们的/它们的) ●例句：This is my new schoolbag./Their classroom is bigger than ours. 2.名词性物主代词（后不接名词) ●第一人称：mine(我的)、ours(我们的) 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·第二人称：yours(你的/你们的) ●第三人称：his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的) 。例句：The red pen is mine../-Is this your book?—No,it's hers. 3.指示代词（近指/远指/复数） 1.近指：his(这个，单数)、these(这些，复数) ●例句：This is a map of China./These apples are very sweet.. 2.远指：hat(那个，单数)、those（那些，复数) ●例句：That building is our library./Those students are from Class Three. 4.不定代词(some/any/no/every系列基础用法) 1.some（肯定句，表”一些”：疑问句中表请求、建议) ●例句：I have some storybooks./Would you like some tea? 2.any（否定句/疑问句，表”一些”；肯定句表”任何) .There aren't any eggs in the fridge./Do you have any questions?/Any student can answer this question 3.o(表”没有’，相当于”not any”) ●例句：There is no water in the bottle./He has no brothers or sisters.. 4.evey（表”每一个”，修饰可数名词单数) ●例句：Every student must follow the school rules./She goes to the park every Sunday.. 知识点三：不定代词 1.some/any的用法对比（中考基础） 1.肯定句中用some→例句：There are some books on the desk. 2.否定句中用any→例句：Idon't have any brothers or sisters. 3.疑问句中用any→例句：Do you have any questions'? 4.特殊用法(some用于表请求/建议的疑间问句)→例句：Would you like some tea? 2.复合不定代词（中考高频） 1.指人：someone(某人)、anyone(任何人)、everyone(每个人) 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 .Someone is knocking at the door.Is there anyone in the room?/Everyone likes the new teacher. 2.指物：something（某物)、anything(任何事物)、everything（一切事物) .I have something important to tell you.Can you see anything in the box?/Everything is ready for the party. 。注：复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3.不定代词的替代用法（中考易错） l.one/ones替代前文提到的可数名词→例句：I prefer the red pen to the blue one. 2.that/those替代前文提到的不可数名词或可数名词复数一→例句：The weather in Beijing is better than that in Shanghai 3.both/either/neither(两者)→例句：Both of my parents are teacher's./Either answer is correct./Neither of them likes sports. 考法精析 考法一：人称代词主格与宾格辨析 核心：根据代词在句中作主语或宾语的成分，选择对应的主格或宾格形式 真题1（语法填空)： My mother often tells_(I)stories before bedtime. 答案：me 解析：此处代词作动词tells的宾语，应用第一人称宾格形式me。 真题2（单项选择）： -are good friends and always help each other. A.I and Tom B.Tom and I C.Tom and me D.Me and Tom 答案：B 解析：句子缺少主语，应用主格形式；多个人称代词并列时，第二、三人称在前，第一人称在后，故 选Tom andI。 考法二：代词用法辨析 核心：根据语境判断代词的种类及具体形式，区分主格/宾格、形容词性/名词性物主代词、指示代 词单复数及不定代词some/any的用法 真题1（语法填空)： -Is this bike一(you)? 4 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 -No,it's not mine.It's_(she). 答案：yours hers 解析：第一空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词yous表示”你的（自行车）”：第二空同样后无名词， 用名词性物主代词hers表示”她的（自行车）”。 真题2（完形填空）： -are my books and_are yours.Can you pass_to me? A.This that it B.These those them C.This those they D.These that them 答案：B 解析：第一空后为are,主语应用复数指示代词These:第二空后为are,用复数指示代词those:第 三空作pass的宾语，用人称代词宾格hem指代books。. 考法三：代词综合辨析与语境应用 核心：结合人称代词主宾格、物主代词及不定代词的用法，根据上下文语境选择正确代词形式 真题1（单项选择）： -Is this pencil?I found it on the desk. -No,it isn't_.Maybe it's Lucy's.is blue. A.yours,mine;Hers B.your;my,Her C.yours;my;Hers D.your;mine;Her 答案：A 解析：第一空后无名词，用名词性物主代词y0us(你的)：第二空后无名词，用名词性物主代词 mine(我的)：第三空后无名词，指代Lucy的铅笔，用名词性物主代词Hers(她的)。 真题2（语法填空）： Could you give_(1)(some/any)water?-(This/These)bottles are empty. 答案：me some These 解析：第一空作动词give的宾语，用人称代词宾格me;第二空为表请求的疑问句，用some:第三 空修饰复数名词bottles,.用复数指示代词These。 解题小妙招 5 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 代词辨析妙招 代词主宾看成分，主格作主宾格宾： 物主代词分两种，形代名代要分清： 形代后面必加名，名代独立指事物： 指示代词看单复，are搭配复数词： someany表一些，肯定some疑问any。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.My parents often tellstories about their childhood. AI Bme Cmy Dmine 2.are good friends and we always study together. A Tom and me B Me and Tom C Tom andI D I and Tom 3.—Is this red pen_? -No,it's not_.It's Lily's. A yours mine B your my Cyours my D your mine 4.is a cat over there,and_are dogs near the door. A This these B That those C This those D That these 5.There isn't milk in the fridge.Let's buy some. A some B any Cmany Dmuch 6.My brother doesn't havefriends in his new school. A some B any Cmuch Da little 7.Could you please give mewater?I'm very thirsty. A some B any Cmany D a few 8.of the students has a dictionary in our class. A Each B Every C All D Some 9.-Are-your books on the desk? -Yes,they are.Can you pass_to me? A this it B that them C these it D those them 10.My sister often helpswith English AI my Bme mine Cme my DImine 演练二：填空 1.My teacher always encourages_(I)to study hard. 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.This is not my pencil.It's(she) 3.-Are these books(you)? -No,they are(they). 4.-(this)are my new shoes,and(that)are my father's. 5.There are(some/any)apples on the table. 6.He doesn't have(some/any)brothers or sisters. 7.Would you like(some/any)coffee? 8.(each)student in our class has a schoolbag. 9.My mother bought_(we)a big cake yesterday. 10.The little girl is crying because she can't find(she)mother. 演练三：语法填空 This is my friend Tom.(he)is from England.We often play football after school.Last Sunday,I went to (he)house.His mother cooked delicious food for_(we).There were-(some/any)apples and oranges on the table.I ate two apples.Tom's father asked(I)about my family.I told(he)that my parents are teachers. After lunch,Tom showed-(I)his new toys.-(this)were toy cars and_(that)were toy planes.I liked them very much.Tom said,"You can take(some/any)of them home."I was very happy. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3.A4.B5.B6B7.A8.A9D10.C 演练二：1.me2.hers3.yours theirs4.These those5.some6.any7.some8.Each9.us10.her 演练三：He his us some me him me These those some 7