复合句 03-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】定语从句 复合句专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型： 单项选择(23题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子逻 辑性与修饰准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词that/who/which/whose和关系副词where/when 的辨析及指代对象的判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系代词引导：that(指人物)、who(指人)、which(指物)、whose(表所属)的指代对象与句法 功能 ·关系副词引导：where(表地点)、when(表时间)的先行词特征与语境匹配 知识点一：定语从句：关系代词和关系副词引导的限定性定语从句 l.关系代词(that/who/which/whose)引导的定语从句 1.hat(指人/物，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)： ·例句： 1.This is the book that I bought yesterday.(指物，作宾语，可省略) 2.The girl that is singing is my sister..(指人，作主语) 2.wo(指人，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)： 。例句： l.The man who helped me is a doctor.(作主语) 2.Do you know the boy who we met at the park?(作宾语，可省略) 3.which(指物，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)： 。例句： 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 1.The car which is red belongs to my father.(作主语) 2.This is the pen which I lost last week.(作宾语，可省略) 4.whose（指人/物，作定语，表”…的”)： ·例句： l.This is the boy whose mother is a teacher.(指人，后接名词mother) 2.I live in a house whose windows face south.(指物，后接名词windows) 2.关系副词(where/when)引导的定语从句 1.where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语)： 。例句： 1.This is the school where I studied last year.(先行词为地点school,从句中不缺主语/宾语) 2.I visited the city where my grandparents live. 2.when（指时间，在从句中作时间状语)： 。例句： l.I still remember the day when we first met.(先行词为时间day,从句中不缺主语/宾语) 2.Do you know the time when the party will start? 知识点二：定语从句（关系代词与关系副词引导限定性定语从句） 1.关系代词(that/who/which/whose.)引导的定语从句 1.ht(指人/物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略) ·指人：The girl that is singing on the stage is my sister.(作主语，指人，不可省略) ·指物：This is the book that I bought yesterday.(作宾语，指物，可省略为This is the book I bought yesterday.) 2.who(指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略) ●作主语：The man who helped me is a doctor..(不可省略) ·作宾语：The boy who you met just now is Tom.(可省略为The boy you met just now is Tom.） 3.which(指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略) ·作主语：The car which is red belongs to my father.(不可省略) 。作宾语：I lost the pen which my mother gave me.(可省略为I lost the pen my mother gave me.) 4.whose(指人/物，在从句中作定语，后接名词，表示.的”) 2 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·指人：This is the student whose homework was praised by the teacher.(whose修饰homework,指， 学生的作业”) ·指物：I visited the house whose windows face south.(whose修饰windows,指”房子的窗户) 2.关系副词(where/when)引导的定语从句 1.where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常为表示地点的名词，如place,room,city等) ·例句：This is the school where I studied three years ago.（先行词是school,where在从句中作地点 状语，相当于in which) ·结构：先行词+where+主语+谓语 2.when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语，先行词通常为表示时间的名词，如time,day,year等) ·例句：I still remember the day when I first met you..(先行词是day,when在从句中作时间状语，相 当于on which) 。结构：先行词+when+主语+谓语 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词(that/who/which./whose)引导限定性定语从句 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ·who指人（作主语/宾语）→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(作主语) ·whom指人（作宾语，可省略)→例句：The man(whom)we met yesterday is a doctor..(作宾语) 。which指物（作主语/宾语）→例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语) 。hat指人W物（作主语/宾语，先行词为不定代词或被最高级修饰时只用that)→例句：He is the best student that I have ever taught.(指人，先行词被最高级修饰) 。whose指人/物（作定语，表所属关系）→例句：The boy whose father is a teacher studies very hard. (指人) 。关系代词省略规则（中考易错）：当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略→例句：The film(that/which) we saw last night was very interesting 2.关系副词(where/when/why)引导定语从句 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背)： ·where指地点（先行词为地点名词，在从句中作地点状语）→例句：This is the school where I studied three years ago 。when指时间（先行词为时间名词，在从句中作时间状语）→例句：I still remember the day when we first met. 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。why指原因（先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语）→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 。关系副词与”介词+关系代词'转换（中考常考）：where=in/on/at+which:when=in/on/at+ which::why=for+which→例句：This is the room where(in which)I lived last year. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的选择 核心：根据先行词类型及从句成分（主/宾/状语），选择正确的关系词（关系代词that/who/which/whose 或关系副词where/when) 真题1（语法填空）： This is the park we had a picnic last Sunday. 答案：where 解析：先行词为地点名词park,从句'we had a picnic”不缺主语或宾语，需用关系副词where作地 点状语。 真题2（单项选择)： Do you know the girl_is talking to our teacher? A who B whose C which D when 答案：A 解析：先行词为the girl(指人)，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who。 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的选择 核心：根据先行词类型及从句成分（是否缺主语/宾语/状语) ,选择合适的关系代词 (that/who/.which/whose)或关系副词(where/when) 真题1（语法填空)： This is the park_we had a picnic last Sunday. 答案：where 解析：先行词park为地点名词，从句'we had a picnic last Sunday”中不缺主语和宾语，需用关系副 词where作地点状语。 真题2（单项选择)： Do you remember the day_we met for the first time? A.which B.when C.who D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词day为时间名词，从句'we met for the first time'”中不缺主语和宾语，需用关系副词 4 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 when作时间状语。 考法三：关系代词与关系副词的综合辨析及运用 核心：结合先行词类型（人物/地点时间)及从句成分（主语/宾语/状语），准确选择关系代词 (that/who/which/whose)或关系副词(where/when/why) 真题1（单项选择）： I still remember the day we visited the museum and saw the paintings-were drawn by Van Gogh. A.when which B.which when C.that who D.where that 答案：A 解析：第一空先行词'day”表时间，从句we visited the museum”完整（主谓宾齐全），需用关系副 词when作时间状语；第二空先行词paintings”指物，从句'were drawn by Van Gogh'”缺主语，需用 关系代词which./hat,选项中A符合。 真题2（语法填空)： The girl-hair is black won the prize in the competition_was held last week 答案：whose which/that 解析：第一空先行词”gir”与”hair”为所属关系，需用whose作定语；第二空先行词'competition'”指 物，从句'was held last week”缺主语，用关系代词which/that。 解题小妙招 关系词选择妙招 关系词选看先行，人用who物用which: that可指人或物，从句成分是关键： 主宾残缺用代词，状语完整用副词： 地点状语用where,时间状语when来填。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.This is the school I studied three years ago. A where B when C which D who 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 2.Do you know the girl_istalking to our teacher? A who B whose C which D when 3.I still remember the day-we first met. A which B when C that D where 4.This is the book_my father bought for me last week. A who B whose C which D where 5.He is the first person_finished the task. A who B whom C which D that 6.The moviewe watched last night was very exciting. A who B which C where D when 7.Do you know the reason-he was late for class? A why B when C where D which 8.I will never forget the people and places_I visited in Beijing. A who B which C that D where 9.The boy_you met yesterday is my brother. A which B whom C whose D when 10.This is the house_windows face south. A which B who C whose D where 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.This is the pen-I lost last week.(which/that) 2.The girl-mother is a teacher studies very hard.(whose) 3.I visited the city-my grandparents live.(where) 4.Do you know the time-the party will start?(when) 5.The man_helped me is a doctor.(who/that) 6.This is the first book I have read this year.(that) 7.He lives in a house_doors are red.(whose) 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 8.We still remember the year he was born.(when) 9.The students_are in Class One will have a picnic tomorrow.(who/that) 10.This is the reason-she didn't come to school.(why) 演练三：语法填空（共10空) My name is Lily.I live in a small town-there are many beautiful parks.Last Sunday,I went to Green Park_I met my old friend Lucy.Lucy is a girl-hair is long and black.She told me about her new school-is in the center of the city.The school has a big library-we can read all kinds of books.Lucy also talked about the day-she first came to the school.She said it was the happiest day-shehad ever had. Later,we walked to a cafe_we often went together before.The cafe has a piano_Lucy's father bought for it.We stayed there until 5 pm,_my mother called me to go home.What a great day! (1.where 2.where 3.whose 4.which/that 5.where 6.when 7.that 8.which/that 9.which/that 10. when) 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A3.B4.C5D6.B7.A8.C9B10.C 1.which/that 2.whose 3.where 4.when 5.who/that 6.that 7.whose 8.when 9.who/that 10.why 1.where 2.where 3.whose 4.which/that 5.where 6.when 7.that 8.which/that 9.which/that 10.when 7