Unit3 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语外研版必修第三册

外研必修第三册Unit 3 The World of Science Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas （导学案） 1. 掌握 Unit 3 Period 1 阅读部分的重点词汇、短语和句型。 √ 单词：science, invention, virtual reality, wearable, flexible, battery √ 短语：recognise a problem, lead to, be inspired by, change the way of life √ 句型：People who invent new things often start with a problem. 2. 能够理解访谈类说明文的基本结构和主旨大意。 √ 把握文章围绕“过去的发明—当今的发明—发明的动因”展开的整体脉络 √ 获取并整合有关科技发明的关键信息 3. 提升阅读策略与信息处理能力。 √ 学会通过预测、略读和扫读获取文本关键信息 √ 借助思维导图梳理文章结构与核心观点 4. 在科学主题语境下发展思维品质与表达意识。 √ 初步思考科技发展与人类生活之间的关系 √ 能在讨论中用简单英语表达对“发明与创新”的看法 1、 词性转换 1. ________ n. 记忆力；回忆→________ vt.记忆，记住→________ adj. 难忘的；值得记忆的 2. ________ n．& vt. 伤害；损害→________ adj. 有害的→(反) ________ adj. 无害的 3. ________ adj. 道德的；道义上的　n. 品行；道德；寓意→________ adv. 道德上；确实地→________ n．道德准则；道义 4. ________ n. 节省物；节省；节约；(pl.)储蓄金；存款→________ vt.储蓄；攒钱 5. ________ n. 结婚；婚姻→________ v. (和某人)结婚，嫁，娶→________ adj. 已婚的 6. ________ n. 大部分；大多数→________ adj. 主要的；重要的n. 专业　vi. 主修 7. ________ n. 进口；进口商品　vt. 进口；输入；引进→(反) ________ n. 出口；出口商品　vt. 出口；输出；传播 8. ________ n. 手术；企业；经营→________ v. 手术；操作；经营→________ n. 操作员 9. ________ adj. 灵活的；可变通的→________ adv. 灵活地→________ n. 灵活 10. ________ vt. 发表(作品)；出版→________ n．出版；发表 11. ________ adj. (增长；下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→________ adv. 急剧地；尖刻地→________ vt. (使)变锋利 12. ________ vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→________ n. 插图；阐明 【知识梳理1】science fiction (Starting out) science fiction /ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 科幻小说；科幻作品 语境说明 在 Starting out 板块中，教材通过科幻作品片段引出“想象中的发明”和“现实中的科技”，帮助学生理解科学幻想与现实科技之间的联系。 【常用搭配】 science fiction novel 科幻小说 science fiction film/movie 科幻电影 science fiction writer 科幻作家 in science fiction 在科幻作品中 【即学即练】 1. Many inventions first appeared in _________ _________ before becoming real. 2. He is interested in reading __________ __________ novels. 3. 科幻作品常常激发人们对未来科技的想象。 Science fiction often ________________________________________ future technology. 【知识梳理2】become a reality成为现实 语境说明 该表达用于描述“科幻设想逐渐在现实生活中实现”，是连接“幻想—现实”的核心语言点，贯穿 Starting out 的讨论任务。 【常用搭配】 dreams become a reality 梦想成为现实 turn … into reality 把……变成现实 make … a reality 使……成为现实 【即学即练】 1. Some ideas in science fiction have already ________ ________ ________. 2. Scientists are trying to ________ new technology ________ reality. 3. 在过去，人类无法想象的视频通话如今已经成为现实。 In the past, people couldn’t imagine video calls, but now they __________________________. 【知识梳理3】recognise a problem recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认识到；意识到 recognise a problem 发现 / 意识到问题 语境说明 访谈中 Dr Fairhurst 指出：发明往往始于发现问题，这是理解全文“发明动因”的关键表达。 【常用搭配】 recognise a problem 发现问题 recognise the importance of 认识到……的重要性 be widely recognised as 被广泛认为是…… 【即学即练】 1. Great inventors often start by __________ a problem in daily life. 2. He didn’t __________ the importance of science until he grew older. 3. 爱迪生被广泛认为是一位伟大的发明家。 Edison ______________________________ a great inventor. 【知识梳理4】inspire sb to do sth inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 语境说明 文章中提到，科技发展和现实需求常常激发人们去发明和创造，该结构是表达“动因—行动”的重要句型。 【常用搭配】 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 be inspired by 受到……的启发 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 【即学即练】 1. The story of the scientist inspired many students ________ study science. 2. She was deeply inspired ________ the idea of solving real-life problems. 3. 这次采访激励我去思考科技与生活的关系。 The interview __________________________ think about the relationship between science and life. 【知识梳理5】the New Age of Invention the New Age of Invention 发明的新时代 语境说明 标题不仅指“新科技”，更强调以问题为导向、以需求为驱动的发明理念，是全文主题的高度概括。 【知识拓展】 the age of … ……的时代 enter a new age 进入新时代 in the modern age 在现代社会 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1.We are living in ________ new age of science and technology. 2. Modern inventions have helped human beings enter ________ new age. 3. 作者通过标题想表达什么？ The title shows that inventions today are ______________________________. 大卫利用了我的信任，拿走的比我想要给的还多。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Two players are out of the team because of _______ (injure) and we need subs. 2. We were _______(entire) confused by what he said in the meeting. 3. It is no longer _______ (desire) for adult children to live with their parents. 4. There are pictures made with _______ (press) flowers. 5. Temperature becomes uniform by heat _______ (conduct)． 6. Scientists know that all _______(experiment) results are variable and not fixed. 7. He took a very _______(science) way to deal with the trouble in his work. 8. They will sign the _______(declare) as soon as they arrive. 9. It is no longer _______ (desire) for adult children to live with their parents. 10. Scientists know that all _______(experiment) results are variable and not fixed. 二、课文语法填空     1     we all know, there are four great     2    （invent）in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking,     3    （print）and the compass. In today's world, most of the new great inventions     4    （be）tech-based. For instance,     5    （advance）in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon     6    （see）further developments. Look! This is     7    （new）invented stuff.     8     is capable of     9    （compute）complex numbers very quickly. In addition, if you press the button, it can shoot a blue light through a wall.     10     there is desire, there is invention. We will never say never. 三、七选五 VAR technology has been used in U.S. sports for years. Now it is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut(首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup this summer.     1    . It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee by watching video replays. The VAR team supported the referees from a centralised video room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from the relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras.     2    . They will communicate with the referees only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team.     3    , the referee would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.     4    . Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision.     5    . With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that. A．If one team is likely to win a game B．VAR stands for video assistant referee C．It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary D．Once they decide an incident is reviewable E．Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes F．The use of video technology is a hot topic among football watchers G．VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again 一、阅读理解 A The New Age of Invention Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages. This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. Welcome, Richard!  Richard: Thank you. It’s a pleasure to be here.  Interviewer: I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.  Richard: Well, that’s an interesting point. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. These things changed the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio. And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.  Interviewer: So are most of the new great inventions tech-based?  Richard: A lot, yes. For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.  Interviewer: Can you give us some examples?  Richard: Sure. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”. What’s more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly, too.  Interviewer: Impressive stuff! I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself. Is that correct?  Richard: Yes, I am, but I’m only one member of a big team — most inventors now work as part of big international teams.  Interviewer: I see. So what is it that inspires us to invent things? Richard: Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution. This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car. Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles. But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. Interviewer: One last question. This is the one everyone really wants to know: will anybody ever invent a time machine? Richard: I think you’ve been watching too many movies! Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment! But, as they say, “Never say never!” 1. Scan the text and find out the main idea of the text. The passage is mainly about_________________________________________________________________. 2. Why did Richard mention four great inventions in Ancient China? A．To prove the golden ages of invention in history. B．To tell us the importance of the four inventions. C．To share his knowledge of the inventions. D．To compare them with the great inventions of the West. 3. What do we know about Richard? A．He is an interviewer. B．He is the author of Between the Pages. C．He is writing a book called The New Age of Invention. D．His new book The New Age of Invention has come out. 4. According to Richard, what inspires us to invent things? A．The wheel in ancient times. B．Reduced energy supplies. C．Advances in technology. D．The desire to think and create. 5. What is people’s attitude towards the new age for inventions? A．Different. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Supportive. 6. Fill in the blanks according to the text.  Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention ________________   (publish), is an________________ (invent) himself. He thinks there have been golden ages of invention throughout history and the present day is ________________new age for inventions. Most of the new great inventions are ________________ (base) on advances in virtual reality, wearable tech and the flexible battery, ________________means we should soon be seeing ________________ (far) developments. What’s more, important advances have been made in medicine and ________________(environment) science. For example, 3D printers have been used   ________________(make) replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an   ________________ (intelligence) walking house, and solar technology can be eco-friendly, too. ________________ remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that is the real spirit of invention. B A recent survey found that the karaoke machine is regarded as the most boring gadget in Britain, because the timeless and classic songs are disturbed by some drunk people with tuneless, howling voice. A TNS Omnibus poll for the Department for Communities found this Japanese invention was topped a list of gadgets that people wished it had never been invented.  When people were asked what were the top boring inventions, nearly a quarter of them chose the karaoke machine, 17 percent said 24-hour sports channels, 12 percent chose video games, while 11 percent said mobile phones and seven percent said alarm clocks.  “Seeing the karaoke machine at the top of the list made me smile,” said Kane Kramer, a director of the British Inventors Society. “When people are singing karaoke they are enjoying themselves, but as a member of the audience you are just watching somebody who can’t perform, and have to bear the unpleasant songs. This doesn’t fit social orderliness. You might have 10 people who want to sing some karaoke, which means 150 people have to suffer. But the crazy thing is that people still go to be an audience for other people’s inability to sing.” Karaoke has turned into an industry with billions of dollars since it was invented in 1971 by Daisuke Inoue, a Japanese club keyboard instrument player, when he wanted to provide music for a customer who wanted to sing on a company trip.  When people were asked which gadgets invented they would like to see in the future, 18 percent said a robot cleaner, 16 percent said a time machine. 7. Why is the karaoke machine regarded as the most boring gadget in Britain?  ______________________________________________________ 8. When a person is enjoying himself by singing karaoke, how many have to suffer?  ______________________________________________________ C Although most hitchhikers (搭便车的人) are people, passers-by tend to ignore them because they are cautious about giving rides to strangers. But what will they do if they come across a hitchhiking robot? Will they take it to its destination or will they just leave the helpless machine by the wayside? That is the answer Canadian professors, David Harris Smith and Frauke Zeller, who study the relationship between humans and technology, are seeking for after they came up with the idea of building a hitchhiking robot. HitchBOT is built with cheap household items. Thanks to a PC tablet, GPS tracker and camera, hitchBOT not only can send its thoughts and pictures to the general public, but also can answer general questions and keep drivers entertained with small talks. The smart robot is even able to quote interesting facts about the areas it has passed through. Not surprisingly, many people are doubtful about hitchBOT’s ability. Most people think the cute robot will be damaged by someone. Actually, they are all wrong. The robot hitchhiked all the way from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Victoria, British Columbia, a distance of 3,700 miles. It was first picked up on July 27th by an elderly couple. It not only reached its destination on August 21st, but also had some amazing adventures along the way. It visited national parks, went fishing, went camping, and even attended a wedding where it experienced its first dance and interrupted the bride’s speech. In addition to helping it get to its destination, its Canadian fans have gone out to ensure its safety from covering the robot with a plastic cape (披肩) to help keep it dry to ensuring that it stays healthy with motor oil. 9. Why is the hitchhiking robot built? A．To help passers-by reach their destinations. B．To find out how people might react to it. C．To see if it will give rides to strangers. D．To entertain drivers on their way. 10. The hitchBOT can do all of the following except                 . A．talking with the driver B．dancing with people C．sending its thoughts and pictures D．answering any question raised 11. How long did it take the hitchBOT to reach its destination? A．Nearly a month. B．Over one month. C．Two months. D．One week. 12. What can we learn about the hitchBOT? A．It was ignored by an elderly couple. B．It didn’t meet with any danger along the way. C．It experienced a long and amazing journey. D．It will be put into the market quickly. 二、思维提升-观点分享 Topic: Share your ideas about inventions and talk about how inventions are connected with real-life problems. Tasks 1. Think of one invention mentioned in the text or in real life. Answer the following questions: · What problem does it solve? · Why is this invention important? 2. Prepare a short oral presentation (about 30–40 seconds) and share your ideas with your partner. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tom 正在做一份关于“现代发明”的英语作业。他写信向你请教： 为什么说“发明往往源于现实问题”，以及科技如何改变我们的生活。 请你根据 Unit 3 的学习内容，给他回信。 写作要点包括： ① 发明与现实问题之间的关系 ② 科技给人们生活带来的积极影响 二选一 1. 1. 写三句话回答 Tom 的问题 要求： · 至少使用 3 个本单元词汇或短语 · 内容完整，意思清楚 2. 写一封完整的回信（80–100 词） 要求： · 观点清楚，结构完整 · 紧扣“发明与现实生活”的主题 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研必修第三册Unit 3 The World of Science Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas （导学案） 1. 掌握 Unit 3 Period 1 阅读部分的重点词汇、短语和句型。 √ 单词：science, invention, virtual reality, wearable, flexible, battery √ 短语：recognise a problem, lead to, be inspired by, change the way of life √ 句型：People who invent new things often start with a problem. 2. 能够理解访谈类说明文的基本结构和主旨大意。 √ 把握文章围绕“过去的发明—当今的发明—发明的动因”展开的整体脉络 √ 获取并整合有关科技发明的关键信息 3. 提升阅读策略与信息处理能力。 √ 学会通过预测、略读和扫读获取文本关键信息 √ 借助思维导图梳理文章结构与核心观点 4. 在科学主题语境下发展思维品质与表达意识。 √ 初步思考科技发展与人类生活之间的关系 √ 能在讨论中用简单英语表达对“发明与创新”的看法 1、 词性转换 1. ________ n. 记忆力；回忆→________ vt.记忆，记住→________ adj. 难忘的；值得记忆的 2. ________ n．& vt. 伤害；损害→________ adj. 有害的→(反) ________ adj. 无害的 3. ________ adj. 道德的；道义上的　n. 品行；道德；寓意→________ adv. 道德上；确实地→________ n．道德准则；道义 4. ________ n. 节省物；节省；节约；(pl.)储蓄金；存款→________ vt.储蓄；攒钱 5. ________ n. 结婚；婚姻→________ v. (和某人)结婚，嫁，娶→________ adj. 已婚的 6. ________ n. 大部分；大多数→________ adj. 主要的；重要的n. 专业　vi. 主修 7. ________ n. 进口；进口商品　vt. 进口；输入；引进→(反) ________ n. 出口；出口商品　vt. 出口；输出；传播 8. ________ n. 手术；企业；经营→________ v. 手术；操作；经营→________ n. 操作员 9. ________ adj. 灵活的；可变通的→________ adv. 灵活地→________ n. 灵活 10. ________ vt. 发表(作品)；出版→________ n．出版；发表 11. ________ adj. (增长；下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→________ adv. 急剧地；尖刻地→________ vt. (使)变锋利 12. ________ vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→________ n. 插图；阐明 【答案】 1.memory memorize memorable 2. harm harmful harmless 3. moral morally morality 4. saving save 5. marriage marry married 6. majority major 7. import export 8. operation operate operator 9. flexible flexibly flexibility 10. publish publication 11.sharp sharply sharpen 12.illustrate illustration 【知识梳理1】science fiction (Starting out) science fiction /ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 科幻小说；科幻作品 语境说明 在 Starting out 板块中，教材通过科幻作品片段引出“想象中的发明”和“现实中的科技”，帮助学生理解科学幻想与现实科技之间的联系。 【常用搭配】 science fiction novel 科幻小说 science fiction film/movie 科幻电影 science fiction writer 科幻作家 in science fiction 在科幻作品中 【即学即练】 1. Many inventions first appeared in _________ _________ before becoming real. 2. He is interested in reading __________ __________ novels. 3. 科幻作品常常激发人们对未来科技的想象。 Science fiction often ________________________________________ future technology. 【答案】1. science fiction 2.science fiction 3. inspires people to imagine / inspires imagination about 【知识梳理2】become a reality成为现实 语境说明 该表达用于描述“科幻设想逐渐在现实生活中实现”，是连接“幻想—现实”的核心语言点，贯穿 Starting out 的讨论任务。 【常用搭配】 dreams become a reality 梦想成为现实 turn … into reality 把……变成现实 make … a reality 使……成为现实 【即学即练】 1. Some ideas in science fiction have already ________ ________ ________. 2. Scientists are trying to ________ new technology ________ reality. 3. 在过去，人类无法想象的视频通话如今已经成为现实。 In the past, people couldn’t imagine video calls, but now they __________________________. 【答案】1. become a reality 2. turn; into 3.have become a reality 【知识梳理3】recognise a problem recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认识到；意识到 recognise a problem 发现 / 意识到问题 语境说明 访谈中 Dr Fairhurst 指出：发明往往始于发现问题，这是理解全文“发明动因”的关键表达。 【常用搭配】 recognise a problem 发现问题 recognise the importance of 认识到……的重要性 be widely recognised as 被广泛认为是…… 【即学即练】 1. Great inventors often start by __________ a problem in daily life. 2. He didn’t __________ the importance of science until he grew older. 3. 爱迪生被广泛认为是一位伟大的发明家。 Edison ______________________________ a great inventor. 【答案】1. recognizing 2.recognise 3.is widely recognised as 【知识梳理4】inspire sb to do sth inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 语境说明 文章中提到，科技发展和现实需求常常激发人们去发明和创造，该结构是表达“动因—行动”的重要句型。 【常用搭配】 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 be inspired by 受到……的启发 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 【即学即练】 1. The story of the scientist inspired many students ________ study science. 2. She was deeply inspired ________ the idea of solving real-life problems. 3. 这次采访激励我去思考科技与生活的关系。 The interview __________________________ think about the relationship between science and life. 【答案】1.to 2. by 3. inspired me to 【知识梳理5】the New Age of Invention the New Age of Invention 发明的新时代 语境说明 标题不仅指“新科技”，更强调以问题为导向、以需求为驱动的发明理念，是全文主题的高度概括。 【知识拓展】 the age of … ……的时代 enter a new age 进入新时代 in the modern age 在现代社会 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1.We are living in ________ new age of science and technology. 2. Modern inventions have helped human beings enter ________ new age. 3. 作者通过标题想表达什么？ The title shows that inventions today are ______________________________. 大卫利用了我的信任，拿走的比我想要给的还多。 【答案】1.a 2.a 3. driven by real problems and needs / closely connected with real life 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Two players are out of the team because of _______ (injure) and we need subs. 【答案】injury 【解析】考查名词。句意：两名球员因伤缺阵，我们需要替补。空处作介词短语becauseof的宾语，应用名词injury“受伤〞。故填injury。 2. We were _______(entire) confused by what he said in the meeting. 【答案】entirely 【解析】考查副词。句意：他在会上所说的话把我们完全弄糊涂了。空处修饰形容词confused，应填副词形式，故填entirely。 3. It is no longer _______ (desire) for adult children to live with their parents. 【答案】desirable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：成年子女与父母同住已不再可取。句中用形容词作表语。desire的形容词为desirable，表示“值得做的”之意。故填desirable。 4. There are pictures made with _______ (press) flowers. 【答案】pressed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：有用压花制作的图片。设空处需用形容词修饰名词flowers，press的形容词形式是pressed，意“压平的；压扁的”，“pressed flowers”表示“压花”，故填pressed。 5. Temperature becomes uniform by heat _______ (conduct)． 【答案】conduction 【解析】考查名词。句意：温度通过热传导变得均匀。空前by是介词，表示方式，其后需要接名词。conduct的名词形式是conduction。heat conduction是固定搭配，是一个科学术语，指热量通过物质介质传递的过程。故填conduction。 6. Scientists know that all _______(experiment) results are variable and not fixed. 【答案】experimental 【解析】考查形容词。句意：科学家们明白，所有的实验结果都是具有变化性的，并非是固定不变的。修饰名词results，用形容词experimental，故填experimental。 7. He took a very _______(science) way to deal with the trouble in his work. 【答案】scientific 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他采取了一种非常科学的方法来解决工作中的难题。修饰名词way用形容词scientific，作定语。故填scientific。 8. They will sign the _______(declare) as soon as they arrive. 【答案】declaration 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们一到就会在声明上签字。空处作宾语，前面有冠词修饰，应填名词形式declaration，故填declaration。 9. It is no longer _______ (desire) for adult children to live with their parents. 【答案】desirable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：成年子女与父母同住已不再可取。句中用形容词作表语。desire的形容词为desirable，表示“值得做的”之意。故填desirable. 10. Scientists know that all _______(experiment) results are variable and not fixed. 【答案】experimental 【解析】】考查形容词。句意：科学家们明白，所有的实验结果都是具有变化性的，并非是固定不变的。修饰名词results，用形容词experimental，故填experimental。 二、课文语法填空     1     we all know, there are four great     2    （invent）in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking,     3    （print）and the compass. In today's world, most of the new great inventions     4    （be）tech-based. For instance,     5    （advance）in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon     6    （see）further developments. Look! This is     7    （new）invented stuff.     8     is capable of     9    （compute）complex numbers very quickly. In addition, if you press the button, it can shoot a blue light through a wall.     10     there is desire, there is invention. We will never say never. 【答案】1.As 2.inventions 3.printing 4.are 5.advances 6.beseeing 7.newly 8.It 9.computing 10.Where 三、七选五 VAR technology has been used in U.S. sports for years. Now it is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut(首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup this summer.     1    . It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee by watching video replays. The VAR team supported the referees from a centralised video room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from the relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras.     2    . They will communicate with the referees only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team.     3    , the referee would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.     4    . Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision.     5    . With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that. A．If one team is likely to win a game B．VAR stands for video assistant referee C．It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary D．Once they decide an incident is reviewable E．Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes F．The use of video technology is a hot topic among football watchers G．VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again 【答案】B E D F G 【解析】本文为应用说明文。VAR技术已在美国体育界应用多年。现在，它已与全球足球赛充分结合，并在今年夏天的2018年世界杯上首次亮相（第一次亮相）。VAR意为视频助理裁判，实际上他们通过观看录像回放，共同审查主裁判做出的某些决定并确保在球场上做出正确的决定。 【小题1】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上下文的内容可知，下一句中的“it”指的是VAR。那么下一句就是对VAR的解释。根据 下一句“实际上，这是一个团队，他们通过观看录像回放，共同审查主裁判做出的某些决定”。由此可知VAR就是帮助主裁判来做出正确的决 定，即裁判助理。分析选项可知B项（VAR就是视频频助理裁判）与此句意义一致。选项中的有词如“video”，"referee〞的复现，故选B项。 【小题2】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后的“他们仅限于有明显错误或严重遗漏事件时与裁判沟通”。分析选项可知，E项（在整个比赛中，他们不断地检查错误）二者的意义一致。放入文中，检测可知符合题意，故选E。 【小题3】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后的内容“裁判员将开始正式审查。然后，他们将根据从VAR团队收到的信息做出决 定”。可知，是先决定审查，才会正式审查，并根据VAR的信息做出决定。分析选项可知D项（一旦他们决定可以审查事件）符合题意，故D项。 【小题4】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本题是位于段首。分析本段的内容可知，有的球迷认为VAR是对比赛的干扰，有的认为无论怎样，只要公平比赛。可知VAR引起了人们的关注。分析选项可知F项（视频技术的使用是足球观看者们的热门话题。）与此意义一致，故选F项。 【小题5】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句" They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision. "和最后一句 "the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that."他们认为，有争议的决定之后，愤怒的球员们聚集在裁判周围，干扰发生了。要确保在球场上做出正确的决定，VAR是其中的一个可靠步骤。可判断出“就可以利用VAR的回放比赛，就可以观看比赛重新做出裁决”。故G项（可以回放这些场景，重新观看比赛）符合题意，故G项。 一、阅读理解 A The New Age of Invention Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages. This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. Welcome, Richard!  Richard: Thank you. It’s a pleasure to be here.  Interviewer: I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.  Richard: Well, that’s an interesting point. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. These things changed the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio. And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.  Interviewer: So are most of the new great inventions tech-based?  Richard: A lot, yes. For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.  Interviewer: Can you give us some examples?  Richard: Sure. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”. What’s more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly, too.  Interviewer: Impressive stuff! I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself. Is that correct?  Richard: Yes, I am, but I’m only one member of a big team — most inventors now work as part of big international teams.  Interviewer: I see. So what is it that inspires us to invent things? Richard: Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution. This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car. Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles. But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. Interviewer: One last question. This is the one everyone really wants to know: will anybody ever invent a time machine? Richard: I think you’ve been watching too many movies! Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment! But, as they say, “Never say never!” 1. Scan the text and find out the main idea of the text. The passage is mainly about_________________________________________________________________. 2. Why did Richard mention four great inventions in Ancient China? A．To prove the golden ages of invention in history. B．To tell us the importance of the four inventions. C．To share his knowledge of the inventions. D．To compare them with the great inventions of the West. 3. What do we know about Richard? A．He is an interviewer. B．He is the author of Between the Pages. C．He is writing a book called The New Age of Invention. D．His new book The New Age of Invention has come out. 4. According to Richard, what inspires us to invent things? A．The wheel in ancient times. B．Reduced energy supplies. C．Advances in technology. D．The desire to think and create. 5. What is people’s attitude towards the new age for inventions? A．Different. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Supportive. 6. Fill in the blanks according to the text.  Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention ________________   (publish), is an________________ (invent) himself. He thinks there have been golden ages of invention throughout history and the present day is ________________new age for inventions. Most of the new great inventions are ________________ (base) on advances in virtual reality, wearable tech and the flexible battery, ________________means we should soon be seeing ________________ (far) developments. What’s more, important advances have been made in medicine and ________________(environment) science. For example, 3D printers have been used   ________________(make) replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an   ________________ (intelligence) walking house, and solar technology can be eco-friendly, too. ________________ remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that is the real spirit of invention. 【答案】 【小题1】an interview with the author of the book The New Age of Invention 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】D 【小题5】A 【小题6】 has been published inventor a based which further environmental to make intelligent What 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章以访谈的形式让读者了解《新发明时代》的作者和其对新发明时代的观点。 【小题1】考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages. This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.（主持人：晚上好，欢迎来到《书页之间》。今 晚，我将与理查德-费尔赫斯特博士交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版）” 以及文章以访谈的形式让读者了解《新发明时代》的作者和其对新发明时代的观点。可知，这篇文章主要是关于对《新发明时代》一书作者的采访。故答案为an interview with the author of the book The New Age of Invention 【小题2】推理判断题。根据第四段" There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. These things changed the world forever.（历史上有很多发明的 黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。这些事情永远地改变了世界）”可知，理查德提到了中国古代的四大发明是为了证明历史上发明的黄金时代。故选A。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据第一段“This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.（今晚，我将与理查德•费尔赫斯特博士交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版）”可知，理查德的新书《新发明时代》出版了。故选D。 【小题4】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention.（但重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的渴望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神）”可知，思考和创造的欲望激励我们去发明东西。故选D。 【小题5】推理判断题。根据第三段“It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over. （这表明今天是一个发明的新时代，但是许多人可能认为伟大的发明时代已经结束了）”可知，人们对新发明时代的态度是不同的。故选A。 【小题6】1.考查时态语态。句意：理查德•费尔赫斯特博士的新书《新发明时代》已经出版，他本人就是一位发明家。主语new book The New Age of Invention与谓语构成被动关系，且表示动作发生在过去对现在产生影响用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been published. 2.考查名词。句意：理查德费尔赫斯特博士的新书《新发明时代》已经出版，他本人就是一位发明家。作表语，表示“发明家”应用名词inventor，不定冠词提示用单数。故填inventor。3.考查冠词。句意：他认为历史上有过发明的黄金时代，而今天是一个发明的新时代。此处age为泛指，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 4.考查固定短语。句意：大多数新的伟大发明都是基于虚拟现实、可穿戴技术和柔性电池的进步，这意味着我们很快就会看到进一步的发展。短语be based on表示“基于”。故填based。 5.考查定语从句。句意：大多数新的伟大发明都是基于虚拟现实、可穿戴技术和柔性电池的进步，这意味着我们很快就会看到进一步的发展。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故填which。 6.考查比较级。句意：大多数新的伟大发明都是基于虚拟现实、可穿戴技术和柔性电池的进步，这意味着我们很快就会看到进一步的发展。修饰名词developments，表示“进一步的”应用further。故填further。7.考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，在医学和环境科学方面取得了重要进展。修饰名词science用形容词environmental。故填environmental。8考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，3D打印机已被用于制造替代心脏和骨骼部件。短语be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事〞。故填to make. 9.考查形容词。句意：在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能行走的房子，太阳能技术也可以是环保的。修饰名词house用形容词intelligent，作定语。故填intelligent。 10.考查主语从句。句意：重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的渴望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用what，首字母大写。故填What。 B A recent survey found that the karaoke machine is regarded as the most boring gadget in Britain, because the timeless and classic songs are disturbed by some drunk people with tuneless, howling voice. A TNS Omnibus poll for the Department for Communities found this Japanese invention was topped a list of gadgets that people wished it had never been invented.  When people were asked what were the top boring inventions, nearly a quarter of them chose the karaoke machine, 17 percent said 24-hour sports channels, 12 percent chose video games, while 11 percent said mobile phones and seven percent said alarm clocks.  “Seeing the karaoke machine at the top of the list made me smile,” said Kane Kramer, a director of the British Inventors Society. “When people are singing karaoke they are enjoying themselves, but as a member of the audience you are just watching somebody who can’t perform, and have to bear the unpleasant songs. This doesn’t fit social orderliness. You might have 10 people who want to sing some karaoke, which means 150 people have to suffer. But the crazy thing is that people still go to be an audience for other people’s inability to sing.” Karaoke has turned into an industry with billions of dollars since it was invented in 1971 by Daisuke Inoue, a Japanese club keyboard instrument player, when he wanted to provide music for a customer who wanted to sing on a company trip.  When people were asked which gadgets invented they would like to see in the future, 18 percent said a robot cleaner, 16 percent said a time machine. 7. Why is the karaoke machine regarded as the most boring gadget in Britain?  ______________________________________________________ 8. When a person is enjoying himself by singing karaoke, how many have to suffer?  ______________________________________________________ 【答案】 【小题7】Because the timeless and classic songs are disturbed by some drunk people with tuneless, howling voice. 【小题8】About 15. 【解析】是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项调查发现卡拉OK机在英国被视为最无聊的小玩意，阐述了其被视为最无聊发明的原因，还提及了其他被 认为无聊的发明的排名情况，最后介绍了卡拉OK机自1971年被发明以来已成为一个价值数十亿美元的产业，以及人们希望未来看到的发明的调查情况。 【小题7】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“A recent survey found that the karaoke machine is regarded as the most boring gadget in Britain, because the timeless and classic songs are disturbed by some drunk people with tuneless, howling voice.（最近的一项调查发 现，卡拉OK机被认为是英国最无聊的小工具，因为一些醉汉用无调的嚎叫声打扰了永恒的经典歌曲）”可知，卡拉OK机被认为是英国最无聊的小工具，因为一些醉汉用无调的嚎叫声打扰了永恒的经典歌曲。故答案为Because the timeless and classic songs are disturbed by some drunk people with tuneless, howling voice. 【小题8】考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“but as a member of the audience you are just watching somebody who can’t perform, and have to bear the unpleasant songs. This doesn’t fit social orderliness. You might have 10 people who want to sing some karaoke, which means 150 people have to suffer.（但作为观众的一员，你只是在看一个不能表演的人，不得不忍受那些不愉快的歌曲。这不 符合社会的有序性。你可能会有10个人想唱卡拉OK，这意味着150个人不得不受罪）”可知，当一个人通过唱卡拉OK自娱自乐时，大约15个人不得不受罪。故答案为About 15. C Although most hitchhikers (搭便车的人) are people, passers-by tend to ignore them because they are cautious about giving rides to strangers. But what will they do if they come across a hitchhiking robot? Will they take it to its destination or will they just leave the helpless machine by the wayside? That is the answer Canadian professors, David Harris Smith and Frauke Zeller, who study the relationship between humans and technology, are seeking for after they came up with the idea of building a hitchhiking robot. HitchBOT is built with cheap household items. Thanks to a PC tablet, GPS tracker and camera, hitchBOT not only can send its thoughts and pictures to the general public, but also can answer general questions and keep drivers entertained with small talks. The smart robot is even able to quote interesting facts about the areas it has passed through. Not surprisingly, many people are doubtful about hitchBOT’s ability. Most people think the cute robot will be damaged by someone. Actually, they are all wrong. The robot hitchhiked all the way from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Victoria, British Columbia, a distance of 3,700 miles. It was first picked up on July 27th by an elderly couple. It not only reached its destination on August 21st, but also had some amazing adventures along the way. It visited national parks, went fishing, went camping, and even attended a wedding where it experienced its first dance and interrupted the bride’s speech. In addition to helping it get to its destination, its Canadian fans have gone out to ensure its safety from covering the robot with a plastic cape (披肩) to help keep it dry to ensuring that it stays healthy with motor oil. 9. Why is the hitchhiking robot built? A．To help passers-by reach their destinations. B．To find out how people might react to it. C．To see if it will give rides to strangers. D．To entertain drivers on their way. 10. The hitchBOT can do all of the following except                 . A．talking with the driver B．dancing with people C．sending its thoughts and pictures D．answering any question raised 11. How long did it take the hitchBOT to reach its destination? A．Nearly a month. B．Over one month. C．Two months. D．One week. 12. What can we learn about the hitchBOT? A．It was ignored by an elderly couple. B．It didn’t meet with any danger along the way. C．It experienced a long and amazing journey. D．It will be put into the market quickly. 【答案】B D A C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍行人搭便车有时会被忽视，如果是机器人又会怎么样？作者通过HitchBOT的经历告诉了我们，不但不会被忽视反而得到了很好的照顾和保护。 【小题1】推理判断题。根据第一段最后的问题will they just leave the helpless machine by the wayside?（他们会把它带到目的地，还是把这台无助的机器扔在路边？）及第二段That is the answer Canadian professors, David Harris Smith and Frauke Zeller, who study the relationship between humans and technology, are seeking for after they came up with the idea of building a hitchhiking robot.可知，这就是研究人类和技术之间关系的加拿大教授大卫•哈里斯•史密斯和弗劳克泽勒在提出制造搭便车机器人的想法后所寻求的答案。由此可知，创造搭便车的机器人是为了了解人们可能对它作出何种反应。故选B。 【小题2】细节理解题。根据第三段Thanks to a PC tablet, GPS tracker and camera, hitchBOT not only can send its thoughts and pictures to the general public, but also can answer general questions and keep drivers entertained with small talks.（由于有了PC平板电脑、GPS追踪器和摄像头，hitchBOT不仅可以将自己的想法和图片发送给普通大众，还可以回答普通问题，并通过简短的对话让司机们开心）以及It visited national parks, went fishing, went camping, and even attended a wedding where it experienced its first dance and interrupted the bride's speech.（它参观了国家公园，去钓鱼，去露营，甚至参加了一个婚礼，在那里它经历了它的第一次舞蹈， 并打断了新娘的演讲）可知，这个机器人可以与司机交谈，发送它的想法和图片，回答普通的问题和人们跳舞，但并不能回答全部的问题。故选D。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据第四段It was first picked up on July 27th by an elderly couple. It not only reached its destination on August 21st, but also had some amazing adventures along the way.可知，这个机器人从7月27日出发，在8月21日到达目的地，因此经历了接近一个月才到达了目的地。故选A。 【小题4】推理判断题。根据第四段The robot hitchhiked all the way from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Victoria, British Columbia, a distance of 3,700 miles. It was first picked up on July 27th by an elderly couple. It not only reached its destination on August 21st, but also had some amazing adventures along the way.（这个机器人一路搭便车从加拿大新斯科舍省的哈利法克斯到加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的维多 利亚，全程3700英里。它最初是在7月27日被一对老夫妇接起。它不仅在8月21日到达了目的地，而且一路上还经历了一些惊人的冒险）可知，这个机器人经历了一个漫长而惊人的旅程。故选C 二、思维提升-观点分享 Topic: Share your ideas about inventions and talk about how inventions are connected with real-life problems. Tasks 1. Think of one invention mentioned in the text or in real life. Answer the following questions: · What problem does it solve? · Why is this invention important? 2. Prepare a short oral presentation (about 30–40 seconds) and share your ideas with your partner. 【答案】 I want to talk about smartphones. They help people communicate more easily and quickly. Before smartphones, it was hard to stay in touch with others at any time. This invention has changed our daily life and made communication more convenient. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tom 正在做一份关于“现代发明”的英语作业。他写信向你请教： 为什么说“发明往往源于现实问题”，以及科技如何改变我们的生活。 请你根据 Unit 3 的学习内容，给他回信。 写作要点包括： ① 发明与现实问题之间的关系 ② 科技给人们生活带来的积极影响 二选一 1. 1. 写三句话回答 Tom 的问题 要求： · 至少使用 3 个本单元词汇或短语 · 内容完整，意思清楚 2. 写一封完整的回信（80–100 词） 要求： · 观点清楚，结构完整 · 紧扣“发明与现实生活”的主题 1.【参考答案】 Many inventions come from real-life problems. New technology can help people solve difficulties more efficiently. Inventions have changed our life and made the world more convenient. 2.【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I’m glad to share my ideas about inventions with you. In my opinion, many inventions are created to solve real-life problems. When people recognise a problem, they try to find better ways to improve their lives. Modern technology has changed our daily life in many ways. For example, smartphones make communication easier, and new machines help people work more efficiently. These inventions show that science is closely connected with real life. Best wishes, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $