2026届高三英语二轮复习非谓语动词之分词导学案

高三二轮复习非谓语动词之分词 分词： 1. 分词的种类及构成: 过去分词: 现在分词: (以write为例) 一般式主动: ________________ 一般式被动: ________________ 完成式主动: ________________ 完成式被动: ________________ 现在分词的否定形式在__________________加not. 现在分词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作_______________________________。 He came to school running. The student being scolded told a lie to the teacher. Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help. 现在分词完成式表示的动作___________________________________发生。 Having realized his mistake, he apologized to the teacher. Having been told many times, he remembered the usage of the word. Not having received his reply, I decided to write again. 2．现在分词和过去分词主要差别：现在分词表示________和________，过去分词表示________和________ (不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 a developing country ____________ a developed country ___________ the rising sun ____________ the risen sun ___________ changing situation ____________ changed situation ___________ a _________(move) film 感人的电影 a _________(move) girl 受感动的姑娘 a ___________ machine 一台转动的机器 a ___________ car 一辆被盗的汽车 The _______ (fall) leaves look beautiful and the ground is covered with ________(fall) leaves. We can drink _________(boil) water, but no one can drink __________(boil) water. Their house was destroyed by a ___________(fall) tree. The __________ (fall) tree blocked the road. 3．分词在句子中的作用： 1）分词作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, obviously disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与_____________的关系：主动关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 _______________ (not know) his address, I can’t send this book to him.   _______________ (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.  _______________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.  _______________ (accept) by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.         Given another chance, he will do better. Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. If ______________ (heat), water can be turned into steam.       Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.   The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. _____________ (seat) at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.  _____________ (work) hard, and you will succeed. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. A. having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed ____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A. Being published B. Published C. Publishing D. To be published 注意: ①有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, unless, if等连词。 When (she was) leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While ______________ (wait for) the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. Once ___________ (lose), time will never come back again. Although ___________ (work) very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If _________________ (translate) word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. ②分词的独立主格结构做状语,其构成是:_________________或_________________+分词,使用什么分词,取决与分词与______________________的主被动关系.在句子中只做状语。 He being absent, we had no choice but to wait. More time given, I can do it better. Everything taken into consideration, it can save money in the long run. ________________________ (天气允许), we’ll go climbing tomorrow. __________ so hot, I don’t want to eat anything. A. Being B. It being C. It is D. Because it is E. It was It is reported that it will be ___________ cold this winter. A. freezing B. frozen C. froze D. freezes 2）分词作定语，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词________，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词_______。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an ______________ (bore) day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon _____________ (light) by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries. The young __________ (sit) between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack. The _____________ (puzzle) look on his face suggested that he was puzzled. 分词在句子中做定语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与_____________的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 3）分词作宾语补足语:：分为动词宾语的补足语和介词宾语的补足语，使用什么分词取决与分词与__________的主被动关系，此外，注意能接宾语再接宾补的介词是__________。 When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. Later on they had a great many new trees planted. I’m glad to see the problem ____________ (solve) so soon. With so much work ______________ (unfinish), I can’t go with you. He likes to sleep with windows __________ (close). With his eyes ___________ (stare) into the sky, he didn’t notice it. With his eyes ___________ (fix) on the plane in the sky, he didn’t hear my calling him. With the little boy ___________ (lead) the way, I had no difficulty finding his house. 注意: a. see / hear / notice / watch / observe / find / look at / listen to b. have / make / let / get / keep / leave have sb. do sth. , have sb. doing sth. 与have sth. done的区别： 4）分词作表语：分词通常被看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的_________，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或_________，主语多为人。 Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.   The news is very surprising.   They were ______________ (frighten) to hear the frightening sound. At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were ___________ (move) to tears. 此类动词有：amuse, disappoint, excite, puzzle, satisfy, worry, tire, please, interest, astonish, surprise, bore (使厌烦), delight, discourage, encourage, frighten, move (使感动), shock, trouble, upset (使不安), worry, inspire 注意:1.dress, seat, hide (hid, hidden, hiding), bury, lose 2.分词的完成形式只能做状语,不能做定语。 Exercises: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The news sounds quite ____________ (encourage) to all the students preparing for the exam. 2. ____________ (give) more time, I could have done the work better. 3. The audience remained ____________ (seat) throughout the performance. 4. ____________ (absorb) in reading, he didn’t hear the doorbell ring. 5. She felt ____________ (disappoint) at the result of the competition. 6. The ____________ (fall) leaves covered the ground like a golden carpet. 7. The bridge ____________ (build) last year has greatly improved our traffic. 8. The teacher caught Tom ____________ (cheat) in the exam. 9. Although ____________ (defeat), they were not discouraged at all. 10. ____________ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 11. I won’t have you ____________ (speak) to your parents like that. 12. There is a car ____________ (park) in front of our building. 13. The ____________ (worry) look on her face suggested something was wrong. 14. His explanation was so ____________ (confuse) that nobody understood it. 15. The house ____________ (belong) to my uncle is being repaired now. 16. Anyone ____________ (touch) that wire will get an electric shock. 17. With all the lights ____________ (turn) on, the hall looked bright and beautiful. 18. The ____________ (disappoint) expression on his face showed his dissatisfaction. 19. The ____________ (retire) professor still gives lectures to young teachers. 20. ____________ (work) hard all day, he felt exhausted when he got home. 21. He stood there, with his back ____________ (lean) against the wall. 22. ____________ (compare) with developed countries, we still have a long way to go. 23. ____________ (invite) to the party, she was very happy. 24. The problem ____________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday was very important. 25. ____________ (surround) by a crowd of fans, the movie star felt a bit nervous. 26. ____________ (provide) with enough evidence, the police arrested the suspect. 27. We found the the village ____________ (surround) by mountains on all sides. 28. With winter ____________ (come), the weather is getting colder and colder. 29. When I returned, I found all my books ____________ (pack) in boxes. 30. The last bus ____________ (go), we had to walk home. 31. The problem ____________ (settle), we all felt relieved. 32. Can you smell something ____________ (burn) in the kitchen? 33. With the guide ____________ (lead) the way, we got there without difficulty. 34. I watched the plane ____________ (rise) higher and higher until it disappeared. 35. We want this work ____________ (finish) by Friday. 36. Keep the fire ____________ (burn) all night to keep the room warm. 37. Weather ____________ (permit), we will go for a picnic tomorrow. 38. All things ____________ (consider), his proposal is worth adopting. 39. The guide ____________ (lead) the way, we had no trouble finding the village. 40. The sun ____________ (rise), the fog began to disappear. 41. While ____________ (read) the newspaper, Father nodded from time to time. 42. The ____________ (excite) children couldn’t wait to open their presents. 43. If ____________ (give) another chance, I will do it much better. 44. The students are ____________ (absorb) in the experiment and don’t notice us. 45. When ____________ (ask) about his family, he made no answer. 46. While ____________ (walk) along the street, I came across an old friend. 47. The ____________ (develop) countries need more help from the international community. 48. Whether ____________ (invite) or not, I won’t go to his wedding. 49. Though ____________ (suffer) from a bad cold, he went to work as usual. 50. He sat there, with his eyes ____________ (fix) on the blackboard. 51. The little girl looked ____________ (frighten) when she saw the snake. 52. The thief was brought in, with his hands ____________ (tie) behind his back. 53. Though ____________ (tell) many times, he still made the same mistake. 54. With so much work ____________ (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you. 55. Once ____________ (publish), the book will be very popular. 56. ____________ (judge) from his accent, he must be from the south. 57. She used to sleep with the window ____________ (open) even in winter. 58. ____________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 59. With the key ____________ (lose), she couldn’t enter the room. 60. The difficult problem made all the people present ____________ (puzzle). 参考答案 分词： 1. 分词的种类及构成: 过去分词: 现在分词: (以write为例) 一般式主动: writing 一般式被动: being written 完成式主动: having written 完成式被动: having been written 现在分词的否定形式在分词前加not. 现在分词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或紧接着发生（不强调先后顺序）。 He came to school running. The student being scolded told a lie to the teacher. Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help. 现在分词完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词动作发生。 Having realized his mistake, he apologized to the teacher. Having been told many times, he remembered the usage of the word. Not having received his reply, I decided to write again. 2．现在分词和过去分词主要差别：现在分词表示进行和主动，过去分词表示完成和被动 (不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 a developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 changing situation 正在改变的形势 changed situation 已经改变的形势 a moving (move) film 感人的电影 a moved (move) girl 受感动的姑娘 a running machine 一台转动的机器 a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车 The falling (fall) leaves look beautiful and the ground is covered with fallen (fall) leaves. We can drink boiled (boil) water, but no one can drink boiling (boil) water. Their house was destroyed by a falling (fall) tree. The fallen (fall) tree blocked the road. 3．分词在句子中的作用： 1）分词作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, obviously disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 Not knowing (not know) his address, I can’t send this book to him.   Seeing (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.  Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.  Accepted (accept) by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.         Given another chance, he will do better. Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. If heated (heat), water can be turned into steam.       Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.   The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. Seated (seat) at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.  Work (work) hard, and you will succeed. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed ____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A. Being published B. Published C. Publishing D. To be published 注意: ①有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, unless, if等连词。 When (she was) leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for (wait for) the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. Once lost (lose), time will never come back again. Although working (work) very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated (translate) word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. ②分词的独立主格结构做状语,其构成是:名词或代词+分词,使用什么分词,取决与分词与前边的名词或代词的主被动关系.在句子中只做状语。 He being absent, we had no choice but to wait. More time given, I can do it better. Everything taken into consideration, it can save money in the long run. Weather permitting (天气允许), we’ll go climbing tomorrow. __________ so hot, I don’t want to eat anything. A. Being B. It being C. It is D. Because it is E. It was It is reported that it will be ___________ cold this winter. A. freezing B. frozen C. froze D. freezes 2）分词作定语，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词之后。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an boring (bore) day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted (light) by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries. The young sitting (sit) between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack. The puzzled (puzzle) look on his face suggested that he was puzzled. 分词在句子中做定语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与所修饰的词的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 3）分词作宾语补足语:：分为动词宾语的补足语和介词宾语的补足语，使用什么分词取决与分词与宾语的主被动关系，此外，注意能接宾语再接宾补的介词是with。 When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. Later on they had a great many new trees planted. I’m glad to see the problem solved (solve) so soon. With so much work unfinished (unfinish), I can’t go with you. He likes to sleep with windows closed (close). With his eyes staring (stare) into the sky, he didn’t notice it. With his eyes fixed (fix) on the plane in the sky, he didn’t hear my calling him. With the little boy leading (lead) the way, I had no difficulty finding his house. 注意: a. see / hear / notice / watch / observe / find / look at / listen to b. have / make / let / get / keep / leave have sb. do sth. , have sb. doing sth. 与have sth. done的区别： 4）分词作表语：分词通常被看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。 Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.   The news is very surprising.   They were frightened (frighten) to hear the frightening sound. At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved (move) to tears. 此类动词有：amuse, disappoint, excite, puzzle, satisfy, worry, tire, please, interest, astonish, surprise, bore (使厌烦), delight, discourage, encourage, frighten, move (使感动), shock, trouble, upset (使不安), worry, inspire 注意:1.dress, seat, hide (hid, hidden, hiding), bury, lose 2.分词的完成形式只能做状语,不能做定语。 Exercises: 1. encouraging 2. Given 3. seated 4. Absorbed 5. disappointed 6. fallen 7. built 8. cheating 9. defeated 10. Lost 11. speaking 12. parked 13. worried 14. confusing 15. belonging 16. touching 17. turned 18. disappointed 19. retired 20. Having worked 21. leaning 22. Compared 23. Invited 24. discussed 25. Surrounded 26. Provided / Having been provided 27. surrounded 28. coming 29. packed 30. gone 31. settled 32. burning 33. leading 34. rising 35. finished 36. burning 37. permitting 38. considered 39. leading 40. rising 41. reading 42. excited 43. given 44. absorbed 45. asked 46. walking 47. developing 48. invited 49. suffering 50. fixed 51. frightened 52. tied 53. told 54. to do 55. published 56. Judging 57. open 58. Seen 59. lost 60. puzzled 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $