综合运用 特殊句式 强调句 It is was that 主动表被动 need doing 等固定搭配 -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】特殊句式 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版初中综合运用中，特殊句式是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布 在核心题型：单项选择1-2题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（句式结构分析辅助解题）。在语境运用 类题目中，强调句的结构完整性及主动表被动固定搭配的灵活运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。强调句（It is/was..that..):基本结构（被强调部分为人时可用who)、不同时态下的be动词形式 (is/was)、强调句与其他句型的辨析（如定语从句） ●主动表被动：need doing、want doing、require doing等固定搭配的用法及语义（表被动含义）、与 need to be done等结构的转换、语境中主动形式表被动意义的判断（如sth sells well) 知识点一：特殊句式 1.强调句(Itis/was..that.) 1.基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其余部分（强调人时可用who代替that) 2.例句： ·It is Tom that/who helped me yesterday..(强调主语Tom) ●It was in the park that I met her..(强调地点状语in the park) 2.主动表被动（need doing等固定搭配) 1.常见结构：need/want/require+doing（表示“需要被.”，主动形式表被动含义) 2.例句： ·The bike needs repairing.(=The bike needs to be repaired.自行车需要被修理) 。The room requires cleaning.(=The room requires to be cleaned.房间需要被打扫) 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 知识点二：特殊句式 1.强调句(Itis/was..that.) 1.基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分（主语/宾语/状语）+that/who+其他部分（强调人时可用who,其 他情况用that) 2.例句： ·It is Tom that/.who helped me yesterday..(强调主语Tom) ·It was in the park that I met her last Sunday..(强调地点状语in the park) ●It was a book that he bought yesterday.(强调宾语a book) 3.时态变化：强调句的be动词只有is/was两种形式：强调现在或将来的情沉用is,强调过去的情况 用was 4.例句： ●It is English that she teaches.(一般现在时，be动词用is) ●It was yesterday that he left.(一般过去时，be动词用was) 2.主动表被动(need doing等固定搭配) 1.need doing结构（表示“需要被…”，主语通常为物）： 。结构：主语（物）+need+动词现在分词(doing) ·例句： l.The bike needs repairing.(=The bike needs to be repaired.自行车需要被修理) 2.The window needs cleaning..(=The window needs to be cleaned.窗户需要被擦) 2.want/require doing结构（用法同need doing,主语为物)： 。结构：主语（物）+want/require+动词现在分词(doing) ·例句： l.The room wants decorating.(=The room wants to be decorated..房间需要被装饰) 2.The problem requires solving.(=The problem requires to be solved.这个问题需要被解决) 3.感官动词+形容词（表示主语的性质特征，用主动形式表被动含义）： ·常见感官动词：look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起 来) ·例句： l.The flowers smell sweet.（花闻起来很香，sweet描述花的特征，主动表被动) 2.The silk feels soft..(丝绸摸起来很软，soft描述丝绸的特征，主动表被动) 2 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 4.动词+wel/easily(表示主语的性能，用主动形式表被动含义)： ·常见动词：sell(卖)、wash(洗)、wite(写)、Iead(读)、ride(骑) 。例句： l.This kind of book sells well..(这种书卖得好，well表示销售性能，主动表被动) 2.The pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来流畅，smoothly表示书写性能，主动表被动) 知识点三：特殊句式 1.强调句(Itis/was.that) 1.基础结构（中考必背)： ·Itis+被强调部分+that+其他→例句：It is Tom that won the first prize.(强调主语) ·It was+被强调部分+that+其他→例句：It was in2020 that I met her.(强调时间状语) ·Itis+被强调部分+that+其他→例句：It is English that I like best.(强调宾语) 2.特殊考点（中考易错）： 。强调人时可用who替代that→例句：It was Mary who helped me yesterday. ●强调时间/地点时不可用when/where,仍用that→例句：It was at school that we had the party. 2.主动表被动(need doing等固定搭配) 1.基础搭配（中考核心)： 。need doing(需要被…)→例句：The bike needs repairing.(=needs to be repaired) ●require doing(需要被…)→例句：The room requires cleaning.(=requires to be cleaned) ◆want doing(需要被…)→例句：My shoes want washing.(=want to be washed) 2.特殊用法（中考常考)： 。感官动词+adj.(主动形式表被动意义)→例句：The cloth feels soft.(布料摸起来很软) ·sell/write/read等+adv.(主动形式表被动意义)→例句：This book sells well..(这本书畅销) 考法精析 考法一：强调句基本结构辨析 核心：根据被强调部分的性质（主语/宾语/状语）及动作发生时间（现在/过去），判断强调句的正 确结构(Itis.that/who..或It was.that/who.) 3 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 真题1（语法填空)： It was Tom helped me yesterday. 答案：who/that 解析：被强调部分是“Tom”(人)，动作发生在过去(yesterday),用Itwas.,强调人时可用wlho或that。 真题2（单项选择）： in the park that I met her last Sunday. A.It is B.It was C.There is D.There was 答案：B 解析：该句为强调句，强调地点状语“in the park”,动作发生在过去(last Sunday),应用Itwas.that. 结构，此处that被省略（在强调句中hat一般不可省略，此处为题目设置需选B)。 考法二：主动表被动结构辨析 核心：根据主语性质（人W物)及语义“需要被…”，判断是否使用“need/want/require+doing”主 动表被动结构 真题1（语法填空）： The bike needs_(repair) 答案：repairing 解析：主语“The bike”是物，表示“需要被修理”，应用need doing主动表被动结构，repair的动 名词形式为repairing。 真题2（单项选择）： The room_cleaning. A.need B.needs C.is need D.are need 答案：B 解析：主语“The room”是物，表示“需要被打扫”，应用need doing结构：主语为单数，need用 第三人称单数形式needs。 考法三：强调句与主动表被动混合辨析 核心：结合强调句结构(Itis/was.that.)与主动表被动固定搭配(need/want/require doing),判断 句子成分及语法正确性 真题1（语法填空)： It is the old bridge that(need)repairing immediately. 答案：needs 解析：本句为强调句，强调主语the old bridge'”(物)，去掉Itis.that”后还原为The old bridge_re- pairing immediately”;主语为单数，且表示”需要被修理'，用主动表被动结构'need doing”,故填needs。 4 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单项选择)： It was the broken machine that_(require)checking carefully yesterday. A.require B.requires C.required D.to require 答案：C 解析：本句为强调句，强调主语'the broken machine”,由时间标志词'yesterday'可知时态为一般过 去时：”物+require doing”表被动，require的过去式为required,故选C。 解题小妙招 强调句妙招 强调句型It开头，is/was随时间定： 人用who物用that,去掉框架句完整： 主语强调看单复，动词形式要呼应。 主动表被动妙招 物作主语需被动，need/want/require来引领： 其后动词加-ing,主动形式表被动： 主语单数三单现，过去时态-ed跟。 混合辨析妙招 强调结构套被动，先去框架辨原形： 主语性质（人物）与时态，两者结合定答案： 单三、过去莫忘记，doing结构要牢记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.It was in this shop-I bought the nice dress last week. A.which B.who C.that D.where 2.Tom who helped me with my English yesterday. A.It is B.It was C.There is D.There was 3.The machine checking before we use it. A.need B.needs C.is need D.are need 4.This storybook is worth_again. A.reading B.to read C.read D.being read 5.It is my mother_cooks dinner for us every day. A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 6.The dooreasily,so you don't need to push hard. A.lock B.locks C.is locked D.locked 7.at 8 o'clock that we usually start our class. A.It is B.It was C.That is D.This was 8.Your shoes are dirty and they need_. A.wash B.to wash C.washing D.washed 9.It was yesterday_he told me the good news. A.when B.that C.which D.what 10.The cloth soft and comfortable A.feels B.is felt C.felt D.is feeling 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It was Lily(who/which)gave me this pen last month. 2.The broken chair needs_(repair)as soon as possible. 3.It is our monitor_often helps classmates with their studies. 4.This song is worth_(listen)to again and again. 5.The flowers in the garden_(smell)sweet in spring. 6.It was in 2020I moved to this city. 7.The old house requires-(paint)before winter comes. 8.was my father who taught me how to ride a bike. 9.The little girl's eyes_(look)bright and lovely. 10.The bike_(need)washing because it's too dirty. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或根据上下文填入合适的词。 Yesterday afternoon,I found my old guitar in the attic.It was a gift from my uncle,and it was in the attic _(1)I had left it for three years.The guitar_(2)(look)dusty,and the strings_(3)(feel)loose.My mother suggested I should repair it,but I knew it_(4)(need)more than just cleaning. I remembered that it was my uncle(5)taught me to play the guitar when I was 10.He always said, "A good instrument(6)(require)care."So I decided to take it to Mr.Lee,a repairman.When I ar- rived,Mr.Lee checked it carefully and said,"This guitar_(7)(want)fixing,but it'sworth_(8)(save)." It was late when I got home,but I felt happy.I realized that some things(9)(be)not just objects-they 6 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【综合运用】 A版知识点全解 carry memories.Tomorrow,I(10)(bring)the repaired guitar to my uncle and play for him. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.A5.C6B7.A8.C9.B10.A 1.who 2.repairing 3.who/that 4.listening 5.smell 6.that 7.painting 8.It 9.look 10.needs 1.that 2.looked 3.felt 4.needed 5.who/that 6.requires 7.wants 8.saving 9.are 10.will bring 7