基础词法总复习名词 代词 冠词 介词-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（译林牛津版）

初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】基础词法总复习（名词、代词、冠 词、介词》 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三译林牛津版中，基础词法总复习（名词、代词、冠词、介词）是重点语法模块，考频占词法总 量的30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书 面表达核心考察直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，名词的数与格、代词的指代 一致性、冠词的固定搭配及介词的语境辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·名词：可数名词与不可数名词的辨析、单复数变化规则、所有格形式及语境运用 ·代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词的分类与功能辨析 ·冠词：不定冠词a/an的用法区别、定冠词he的特指与泛指规则、零冠词的适用场景 。介词：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/at/under等)、方式介词(by/with/through)的固定搭配 与语境匹配 知识点一：名词的分类及基础用法 1.普通名词（表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称） 1.个体名词（可数，指单个的人或事物）：student(学生)、book(书) 例句：There is a book on the desk 2.集体名词（可数，指一群人或一些事物的总称）：family(家庭)、class(班级) 例句：His family are watching TV now 3.物质名词（不可数，指无法分为个体的物质）：water(水)、rice(米饭) 例句：I need some water to drink. 4.抽象名词（不可数，指抽象概念、品质、情感等）：happiness(幸福)knowledge(知识) 例句：Knowledge is power. 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.专有名词（表示特定的人、地方、机构、节日等的名称，首字母通常大写） 1.人名：Tom(汤姆)、May(玛丽) 例句：Tom is my best friend, 2.地名：Beijing（北京)、Shanghai(上海) 例句：Beijing is the capital of China 3.机构/节日：the Great Wall(长城)、Christmas(圣诞节) 例句：Ve often visit the great wall on weekends 3.名词的数（可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词无复数形式） 1.可数名词复数变化规则：一般在词尾加-s(books):以s、X、sh、ch结尾的加-es(boxes):以辅音 字母+y结尾的变y为i加-es(families) 例句：There are three boxes on the shelf. 2.不可数名词量的表达：借助量词短语(a cup of tea一杯茶，two bottles of milk两瓶牛奶) 例句：She wants a cup of tea. 4.名词所有格（表示所属关系） 1.有生命的名词：单数名词后加-'s(Tom'sbag汤姆的书包)：以s结尾的复数名词后加-’(teachers office教师办公室) 例句：This is Tom'sbag 2.无生命的名词：用of短语(the door of the room房间的门) 例句：The door of the room is red. 知识点二：代词、冠词和介词的用法 1.代词（代替名词，避免重复） 1.人称代词（主格/宾格) 主格（作主语）：I(我)、you(你/你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们) 宾格（作宾语）：me、you、him、her、it、us、them 例句： l.She is my sister.I often play with her.(she主格作主语，her宾格作宾语) 2.They gave us some books.(they主格，us宾格) 2.物主代词（形容词性/名词性) 形容词性（后接名词）：my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、 our(我们的)、their(他们的) 2 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 名词性（独立使用，=形容词性物主代词+名词）：mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、theirs 例句： 1.This is my pen.That pen is yours..(my后接名词pen,yours=your pen) 2.Her bag is red.Hers is bigger than mine.(her后接名词bag,hers=her bag,mine=my bag) 3.反身代词（强调主语本身） 单数：myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己) 复数：ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己) 例句： 1.He taught himself English.(他自学英语) 2.We enjoyed ourselves at the party.(我们在派对上玩得很开心) 2.冠词（修饰名词，分不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词） 1.不定冠词(a/an,表泛指，“一个”) a用于辅音音素开头的单词前：a book(一本书)、a university(一所大学，ju:/是辅音音素) an用于元音音素开头的单词前：an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一小时，ao/是元音音素) 例句： 1.She has a cat and an orange.(cat辅音开头用a,orange元音开头用an) 2.He is a student in an American school 2.定冠词(the,表特指，“这个/那个/这些/那些”) 用法：特指上文提到的人/物：指独一无二的事物（如太阳、地球）：用在序数词、最高级前 例句： 1.I have a dog.The dog is black.(特指上文提到的“狗”) 2.The sun is bigger than the moon.（独一无二的事物) 3.He is the first student to arrive.(序数词first前) 3.零冠词（不用冠词） 用法：专有名词（如国家、人名）：复数名词表泛指：球类、学科名称前 例句： 1.China is a big country.(专有名词China前) 2.Students should study hard.(复数名词students表泛指) 3.We play basketball every day.(球类basketball前) 3 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.介词（表示时间、地点、方式等关系） 1.时间介词 at:用于具体时刻（如at7:00)、固定搭配(at noon/.night) in:用于年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上（如in2023、in March、in summer、in the morning) on:用于具体日期、星期、节日（如on Monday、on June 1st、on Teachers'Day) 例句： 1.We have breakfast at7:30 in the morning.(具体时刻用at,上午用in) 2.They will come back on October 1st.(具体日期用on) 2.地点介词 in:在…内部（如in the room、in China) on:在…表面（如on the desk、on the wall) at:在具体地点（如at the station、at school) 例句： 1.The book is in the bag.(在书包内部) 2.There is a picture on the wall.(在墙表面) 3.He is waiting at the bus stop.（具体地点) 3.方式介词 by:通过…方式（如by bus、by reading) with:用…工具（如with a pen、with hands) 例句： 1.We go to school by bike.(交通工具前用by) 2.She writes with a pencil.(用工具用with) 知识点三：介词 1.时间介词（中考核心） 1.in+年/月/季节/泛指上午下午/晚上→例句：We will have a trip in July. 2.on+具体日期/星期/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上→例句：My birthday is on May1st. 3.at+具体时刻/固定搭配（如at noon,at night)→例句：She usually gets up at6:30am. 4.for+时间段→例句：They have lived here for five years. 5.since+过去时间点→例句：I have studied English since2019. 4 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 6.before+时间点→例句：Please finish the work before Friday. 7.after+时间点→例句：We will go shopping after dinner 8.by+时间点（不迟于）→例句：You must return the book by next Monday. 2.地点介词（中考常考） 1.in+大地点（国家/城市等）→例句：She was born in China 2.at+小地点（具体场所）→例句：He is waiting at the bus stop 3.on+表面（物体表面/街道）→例句：There is a book on the desk 4.under+下方（正下方）→例句：The cat is under the chair. 5.above+上方（不接触）→例句：There is a picture above the bed. 6.beside+旁边→例句：My best friend sits beside me. 7.between+两者之间→例句：The bank is between the hotel and the park. 8.among+三者及以上之间→例句：She is standing among the students. 3.方式/原因介词（中考易错) 1.by+交通工具/方式→例句：We go to school by bike. 2.with+工具/材料→例句：He writes with a pen. 3.in+语言/材料一→例句：Can you speak in English? 4.for+目的/原因→例句：Thank you for helping me. 5.because of+名词/代词/动名词→例句：He didn't go to school because of illness.. 6.through+空间/方式（穿过内部）→例句：They walked through the forest. 7.across+表面（从一边到另一边）→例句：The river runs across the city.. 8.with+伴随状态→例句：She came here with a smile. 考法精析 考法一：名词所有格的用法辨析 核心：根据名词是否有生命、单复数形式，选择正确的所有格表达方式(-’s,’,of短语) 真题1（语法填空)： This is my_(mother)bag.It's very beautiful. 答案：mother's 解析：mother是有生命的单数名词，所有格直接加-'s,故填mother's。 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单项选择）： The_office is on the second floor. A.teachers B.teacher's C.teachers'D.teacher 答案：C 解析：teachers是以s结尾的复数名词，所有格直接加-'，表示“教师们的办公室”，故选C。 考法二：名词所有格与介词搭配 核心：结合名词所有格表示所属关系的规则，判断无生命名词所有格是否正确使用”o+名词”结 构，同时考查时间/地点介词的固定搭配 真题1（语法填空）： The door the classroom is next to the teachers'office.We often have lessons_the morning. 答案：of;in 解析：第一空表示”教室的门”，无生命名词所有格用”o+名词”结构：第二空”在早上”为泛指时 间段，用介词in。 真题2（单项选择)： This is my-bag and the picture-the wall is his. A.mother:on B.mother's:on C.mother:in D.mother's:in 答案：B 解析：第一空妈妈的包”为有生命名词单数所有格，加'S:第二空”在墙上”表示表面接触，用介 词on。 考法三：名词、代词、介词的综合运用 核心：结合语境辨析名词所有格、物主代词及时间地点介词的搭配规则，掌握多知识点融合的语 法应用 真题1（单项选择）： My brother left his dictionary in the library.Now he can't find_andhas to borrow_from_classmate. A.his:one;the B.his;it:a C.mine;one;a D.his;one;a 答案：D 解析：第一空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词his(=his dictionary):第二空指代同类不同物的“一 本字典”，用one;第三空表泛指“一个同学”，且classmate以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 真题2（语法填空）： The children are playing games-the garden.Their mother often tells them stories-Andersen before bedtime,and today's story is about_girl who lived in_small house in the 19th century. 答案：im;by,a;a 6 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：第一空“在花园里”用地点介词：第二空“由安徒生写的故事”用方式介词by:第三、四 空均表泛指，girl和small house均以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 解题小妙招 名词所有格妙招 所有格用法看生命，有生命单加's,复s结尾只加'： 无生命所有格用of,所属关系要记牢： 时间地点介词搭，泛指上午下午用in,具体某天用on: 名词所有格遇介词，固定搭配要分清，墙上表面用on,制成材料用of: 综合应用看语境，物主代词辨my mine,for表对象on表具体。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.This is_bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much. A.Anne and Jane B.Anne's and Jane's C.Anne and Jane's D.Anne's and Jane 2.We will have a party_the evening of December 24th. A.in B.on C.at D.for 3.My father bought a new bikeme last week A.to B.for C.with D.from 4.There are two libraries in our school.-big one is for students. A.AB.An C.The D./ 5.—Is thisruler? -No,it isn't.is in my pencil case. A.your;My B.yours;Mine C.your;Mine D.yours;My 6.We usually have_breakfast at 7:00 a.m.and then go toschool. A.a;the B./;/C.the;a D./;the 7.The girl_red is my cousin.She is good at playing-piano. A.in;the B.on;/C.at;a D.with;an 8.There is a bridge-the river.Many birds are flying-it. A.over;above B.above;over C.under;across D.across;under 9.My grandparents have lived in this village-1998. A.for B.since C.during D.in 7 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 10.-Whose books are these? -They are_.The students left them in the classroom. A.the teachers B.the teacher's C.teachers D.the teachers' 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is Tom's bike.The red one is(I). 2.My mother often tells me stories一（在…期间）dinner. 3.We should learn to protect.一（我们自己）when we are alone. 4.There are three(box)on the floor.Which one is yours? 5.The park is located_(在…之间)the hospital and the bank. 6.My brother has collected stamps_()he was eight years old. 7.This is a photo of(Lucy and Lily)family.They look happy. 8.You can improve your English by_(talk)with native speakers. 9.The children are playing games_(在…下面)the big tree. 10.My father usually goes to work-car,but sometimes he walks. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Dear Peter, I'm glad to tell you about my new school life.My school is not far from my home,so I often go to school 1.-bike.There are many trees and flowers in our school,and the playground is 2.-the center of the campus.Our classroom is on the second floor.3.-door of our classroom is blue,and there are some maps 4.-the wall. Mr.Wang is our English teacher.He is kind and always helps us 5.-our lessons.Last week,he told us a story about 6.(a/an)old man and his dog.The story made us laugh a lot.After class,I usually play basketball with my friends.We have a basketball match 7.Friday afternoon. Yesterday was my birthday.My parents bought a new book 8.-me.The book is about space.I read it for two hours last night.I think I will learn a lot 9.it. Please tell me about your school life.I'm looking forward to 10.-(hear)from you soon. Yours, Li Ming P 初三下册译林牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.C5.C6B7.A8.A9B10D :1.mine 2.during 3.ourselves4.boxes 5.between 6.since 7.Lucy and Lily's 8.talking 9.under 10.by 演练三：1.by2.im3.The4.on5.with6.an7.on8.for9.fom10.hearing