动词时态被动语法总复习-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（译林牛津版）

初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 动词时态被动语法总复习 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三译林牛津版中，动词时态被动语法是重点语法模块，考频占语法总复习的15%左右，贯穿试 卷核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句 子语态准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态与被动语态结合运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。动词时态基础：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态结构(am/is/are+done; was/were+done;will be+done;have/has been+done) ·语态转换规则：主动句变被动句的步骤（宾变主、谓变被、主变宾/省）及人称、时态一致性 ·语境应用辨析：结合时间状语（如ofte,yesterday,.tomorrow,since2020)判断被动语态时态，及特 殊句式（如双宾语、省to不定式）的被动转换 知识点一：被动语态的构成及基本用法 1.一般现在时被动语态（主语+am/is/are+过去分词） ·结构说明：表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作或状态 。例句 l.English is spoken by many people..(英语被很多人说) 2.The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天被打扫) 2.一般过去时被动语态（主语+was/were+过去分词） ·结构说明：表示过去发生的被动动作 ·例句： 1.The bridge was built in2010.(这座桥建于2010年) 2.These books were bought yesterday.(这些书是昨天买的) 3.一般将来时被动语态（主语+will be+过去分词/主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词） 1 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 。结构说明：表示将要发生的被动动作 。例句： 1.A new hospital will be built next year.(明年将建一座新医院) 2.The party is going to be held in the park.(派对将在公园举行) 4.情态动词被动语态（主语+情态动词+be+过去分词） ·常见情态动词：can/may/must//should等 ·例句： l.This work must be finished today.(这项工作今天必须完成) 2.The problem can be solved easily.(这个问题能被轻易解决) 知识点二：被动语态的特殊结构与考点 1.情态动词的被动语态（含情态意义的被动表达) 结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must//should/need等)+be+动词过去分词 用法：表示“能够被…”“可能被…”“必须被…”等情态意义的被动动作 例句： l.This problem can be solved by Tom.(can be+solve的过去分词solved,表“能够被解决”) 2.The rules must be followed by everyone.(must be+follow的过去分词followed,表“必须被遵 守”) 2.带双宾语的被动语态（间接宾语或直接宾语作主语） 结构： ·间接宾语作主语：间接宾语+be+动词过去分词+by主语+直接宾语 ·直接宾语作主语：直接宾语+be+动词过去分词+to/for+间接宾语+by主语(to表动作方 向，for表“为了”) 例句： l.She gave me a book.(主动，双宾语：me间接宾语，a book直接宾语) →I was given a book by her..(间接宾语me作主语) →A book was given to me by her..(直接宾语a book作主语，用to表方向) 2.My mother bought me a gift.(主动) →I was bought a gift by my mother.(间接宾语ne作主语) →A gift was bought for me by my mother..(直接宾语a gift作主语，用for表“为了我”) 2 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（主动不带0，被动还原t0) 适用动词：see,hear,watch,.make,let,have等（主动语态中后接动词原形，被动语态中需加to)》 结构：主语+be+seen/head/made+to+动词原形 例句： 1.主动：We saw him enter the room.(seeb.do sth.,不带to) →被动：He was seen to enter the room by us.(被动还原to) 2.主动：The teacher made her clean the classroom.(make sb.do sth.,不带to) →被动：She was made to clean the classroom by the teacher..(被动还原to) 4.被动语态的否定和疑问结构 否定句：在be/情态动词/助动词后加not 例句： ·The work isn't finished yet.(be动词后加not) ·This book can't be taken out of the library..(情态动词后加not) 一般疑问句：将be/情态动词/助动词提到主语前 例句： ·Was the letter written by her?(be动词提到主语前) ·Has the project been completed?(助动词has提到主语前) 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语序 例句： ·When was the party held?(疑问词when+was+主语+过去分词) ·Who was the book written by?(疑问词who+was+主语+过去分词+by) 5.无被动语态的情况（主动表被动的特殊动词） 不及物动词(i.):happen,appear,disappear,come,go,rise等（无宾语，无法被动） 例句：The accident happened last night.(happer无被动，主动表发生) 系动词：look,sound,taste,.smell,,feel等（后接形容词，主动表被动意义） 例句：The soup tastes delicious.(taste主动表“尝起来”，无被动) 某些及物动词短语：take place(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)等（固定搭配，无被动） 例句：The Olympic Games take place every four years.(take place无被动) 3 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：动词时态被动语态 1.一般现在时被动语态 。基本结构：am/is/are+过去分词 。中考必背用法： l.表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作→例句：English is spoken by many people around the world, 2.描述客观事实或真理→例句：The Great Wall is visited by thousands of tourists every year. 3.主语是动作承受者时使用→例句：This book is written by a famous writer. 2.一般过去时被动语态 ·基本结构：was/were+过去分词 。中考必背用法： l.表示过去发生的被动动作→例句：The letter was sent yesterday 2.主语是动作承受者且动作已完成→例句：The bridge was built in2010. 3.与by引出动作执行者（可省略）→例句：The room was cleaned by my mother this morning. 3.一般将来时被动语态 。基本结构：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 。中考必背用法： l.表示将要发生的被动动作→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 2.按计划安排的被动事件→例句：The meeting is going to be held in the hall. 3.主语是动作承受者且动作未发生→例句：These books will be given to the students tomorrow. 4.现在完成时被动语态 ·基本结构：have/has been+过去分词 。中考必背用法： 1.表示动作已完成且对现在有影响→例句：The work has been finished already. 2.主语是动作承受者且强调结果→例句：My homework has been checked by the teacher 3.与for/since引导的时间状语连用→例句：This house has been lived in for 10 years.. 5.情态动词被动语态 ·基本结构：情态动词(can/may/must/should等)+be+过去分词 。中考必背用法： 1.表示能力、许可、必须等的被动意义→例句：This problem can be solved easily. 2.含情态动词的被动建议或要求→例句：You should be told the truth 3.否定形式在情态动词后加not→例句：The door must not be opened now. 4 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：被动语态结构识别 核心：根据时态特征，识别并选择正确的被动语态结构(am/is/are/was/were/will be-+过去分词) 真题1（语法填空)： The classroom_(clean)every day by the students. 答案：is cleaned 解析：由时间标志词“every day'”可知用一般现在时；主语“the classroom”为单数，被动语态结 构用“is+过去分词”，clean的过去分词为cleaned。 真题2（单项选择)： A new park-in our city next year. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.was built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“next year'”可知用一般将来时；主语“a new park”与“build”是被动关系， 被动语态结构用“will be+-过去分词”，build的过去分词为buit。 考法二：主动被动转换 核心：根据语境和时态要求，将主动语态句子转换为被动语态句子 真题1（句型转换)： They clean the classroom every day..(改为被动语态) The classroomby them every day. 答案：is cleaned 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，主语是复数，动词用原形clean。改为被动语态，主语the classroom是单数，一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are+过去分词，所以用is cleaned。 真题2（单项选择)： My mother will buy a new bike for me tomorrow.A new bike_for me by my mother tomorrow. A.will buy B.will be bought C.is bought D.was bought 答案：B 解析：原句为一般将来时主动语态，结构是w+动词原形buy。改为被动语态，一般将来时被动 语态结构为will be+过去分词，buy的过去分词是bought,所以选B。 考法三：被动语态的综合运用与转换 5 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：结合时态、情态动词及特殊结构，完成主动与被动语态的转换及语境应用 真题1（单项选择）： The children-to plant trees in the park next Sunday. A.are told B.were told C.will be told D.must be told 答案：C 解析：主语“the children”是动作“tell”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词“next Sunday” 可知，用一般将来时被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”，tel的过去分词为told。 真题2（句型转换)： 主动句：My father made me finish my homework yesterday.(改为被动句) t被动句：I---finish my homework by my father yesterday. 答案：was made to 解析：原句含使役动词make,主动结构为“make sb.do sth.”,被动语态需还原to,结构为“be made to do sth.”:由时间标志词“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，主语为I,be动词用was。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动'am/is/are'”,一过被动was/were”: 进行被动要用being'”,完成被动have/has/had been”: 将来被动”will be'”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Englishby millions of people around the world. A.speak B.speaks C.is spoken D.was spoken 2.The letter_yesterday by my father. A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written 3.A new library_in our school next term. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.built 4.The classroom_now.Let's not go in A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is being cleaned D.cleaned 6 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 5.He told me the work_by six o'clock yesterday. A.finished B.had finished C.was finished D.had been finished 6.These books_to the children in poor areas every year. A.send B.are sent C.will send D.were sent 7.The problem-easily if we work together. A.can solve B.can be solved C.solves D.solved 8.Ito the party last night,but I was too busy. A.invite B.invited C.was invited D.am invited 9.By the time I arrived,the meal-already A.has;cooked B.had;cooked C.has;been cooked D.had;been cooked 10.Look!The presents_by our teacher. A.are giving B.are being given C.give D.gave 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The room_(clean)every morning by my mother. 2.Anew bridge(build)here last year. 3.More trees _(plant)in the park next spring. 4.The book_(read)by many students since last month. 5.The phone(answer)when I called yesterday. 6.This song(like)by young people all over the country 7.The homework_(must/finish)before dinner. 8.At 8 p.m.last night,a story_(tell)by my grandmother. 9.These photos_(take)in Beijing two years ago. 10.The children_(teach)English now by Mr.Li. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） A Special Day for Animals Every year,October 4th is World Animal Day.On this day,people around the world show their love for animals.In many cities,special events 1.(hold)to protect animals.For example,last year in our city,a big charity sale 2.(organize)to raise money for homeless pets.The money 3.(use)to buy food and medicine for them. Right now,volunteers 4._(take)care of over 200 animals in the shelter.Some of these animals 5._ (save)from dangerous situations before they arrived here.A vet told us that by next month,all the sick animals 6.-(treat)properly. 7 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 It's important to remember that animals 7.(need)our help every day,not just on World Animal Day. Many endangered species 8._(protect)by laws,but more action 9.-(require)to save them.If we all work together,a better future 10.(create)for animals and humans alike. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.D3.C4.C5D6.B7B8.C9.D10B 1.is cleaned 2.was built 3.will be planted 4.has been read 5.was answered 6.is liked 7.must be finished 8.was being told 9.were taken 10.are being taught 1.are held 2.was organized 3.was used 4.are taking 5had been saved 6.will be treated 7.are needed 8.are protected 9.is required 10.will be created