定语从句-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（译林牛津版）

初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 语法专版 【专题】定语从句 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三译林牛津版中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题 型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响长难句理解）、书面表达 (提升句式丰富度与表达准确性)。在语境应用类题目中，关系代词和关系副词的选择、定语从句与 先行词的搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ●关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功 能辨析 ·限制性与非限制性定语从句：结构特征、逗号使用规则及语义差异 。特殊用法：”介词+关系代词'结构、as引导的定语从句、先行词为way/time等的固定表达 知识点一：定语从句的构成及用法 1.定义（修饰名词/代词的从句） 。作用：限定或修饰主句中的先行词（被修饰的名词/代词） ·结构：先行词+关系词+从句 ·例句：(I)I like the book which you bought yesterday.(book是先行词，which是关系词)(2)This isthe girl who helped me.(girl是先行词，who是关系词) 2.关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） ·常见关系代词：that(指人/物)、which(指物)、who(指人，主格)、whom(指人，宾格)、whose (指人/物，作定语) ·例句：()The boy who is running is my brother..(who指人，作从句主语)(2)This is the pen which I lost yesterday.(which指物，作从句宾语)(3)She has a friend whose father is a doctor.(whose作定语， 修饰father) 1 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 3.关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） ·常见关系副词：when(指时间)、where(指地点)、why(指原因) ·例句：(I)I still remember the day when we first met..(when指时间，作时间状语)(2)This is the school where I studied.(where指地点，作地点状语)(3)Tell me the reason why you were late..(why指原因， 作原因状语) 4.注意事项 。关系代词作宾语时可省略：The movie(tha)we watched last night was great. ·先行词是人时可用that/who,先行词是物时可用that/which,先行词既有人又有物时用hat:He told us stories about the heroes and their deeds that moved us deeply. 知识点二：定语从句基础及应用 1.定义与结构（修饰名词/代词，作定语) ·构成：先行词+关系词+从句（关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分） ·先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词（人/物/时间/地点/原因) ·例句：(I)This is the girl who helped me.（先行词the girl指人，从句修饰'女孩')(2)I like the book which my father bought for me.(先行词the book指物，从句修饰”书') 2.关系代词（指人物，在从句中作主语宾语/定语） 1.who(指人，作主语/宾语) 。作主语：The boy who is wearing a red coat is my brother.(从句主语是who,指代the boy) ●作宾语（可省略）：She is the singer(who)we met at the concert.(从句宾语是who,指代the singer, 可省略) 2.whom(指人，仅作宾语，可省略) 。例句：The man whom you talked to just now is our teacher.(whom指代the man,作介词to的宾 语，可省略) 3.which（指物，作主语/宾语) ●作主语：The car which is parked outside belongs to Tom.(which指代the car,作从句主语) 。作宾语（可省略）：This is the pen(which)I lost yesterday..(which指代the pen,作从句宾语，可 省略) 4.that（指人/物，作主语/宾语：先行词被最高级/序数词/不定代词修饰时只能用hat) 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 ·指人：He is the best student that I have ever taught.（先行词被最高级best修饰，用that) ●指物：This is the first lesson that we learned this term.(先行词被序数词first修饰，用that) 5.wose(指人/物的”的”，作定语，后接名词) ·指人：Do you know the girl whose hair is very long?(whose修饰hair,指'女孩的头发”) ·指物：I live in a house whose windows face south.(whose修饰windows,指'房子的窗户") 3.关系副词（指时间/地点/原因，在从句中作状语） 1.when(指时间，先行词为时间名词，相当于”介词+which”) ·例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(when指代the day,在从句中作时 间状语；相当于on which) 2.where(指地点，先行词为地点名词，相当于”介词+which”) ·例句：This is the park where we had a picnic last week.(where指代the park,在从句中作地点状 语；相当于in which) 3.why(指原因，先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语，相当于”for which'”) 。例句：Tell me the reason why you were late this morning.(why指代the reason,在从句中作原因 状语；相当于for which) 4.注意事项（避免重复与成分残缺） 1.关系词在从句中己作成分，从句中不可再出现指代先行词的代词 ·错误：This is the book which I bought it yesterday.(it多余，which已指代the book作宾语) ·正确：This is the book which I bought yesterday. 2.先行词是时间/地点时，若从句缺主语/宾语用关系代词，缺状语用关系副词 ·例句：I will never forget the time which we spent together.(spent缺宾语，用which指代the time) ·例句：I will never forget the time when we lived in Beijing.(lived不缺宾语，用when作时间状语) 5.分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） ●例句：The girl is my sister who is standing under the tree.(先行词the girl与从句被is my sister隔开， 从句仍修饰the girl) 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（中考核心） 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ●who(指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is talking with my mother is my sister..(作主语) 。whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The boy whom we met yesterday is from England.(作宾语) ·which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语) 。that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，可替换who/whom/which)→例句：He is the man that helped me. (指人，作主语)/This is the pen that I lost.(指物，作宾语) 。whose(指人V物，作定语)→例句：The girl whose hair is red is my classmate..(指人)/This is the house whose windows are broken.(指物) 2.特殊用法（中考易错)： ·先行词为不定代词(something,anything,nothing,all等)时用that一→例句：I have something that I want to tell you. ·先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时用that→例句：This is the first book that I read in English, 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考） 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met. 。where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语)→例句：This is the school where I studied five years ago. ●why(指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词常为reason)→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late? 2.易混点辨析（中考难点)： 。关系副词与关系代词的转换：where=in/on/at+which:when=in/on/at+which;why=for which →例句：This is the room where I lived.=This is the room in which I lived. ·先行词为地点时，若从句缺主语或宾语用which/that,缺状语用where→例句：This is the factory which produces cars.(缺主语，指物用which)/This is the factory where my father works.(缺状语 用where) 3.定语从句的特殊结构（中考拓展） 1.限定性与非限定性定语从句（中考区分）： ·限定性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略）→例句：The students who are in Class One will go for a picnic. 。非限定性定语从句（有逗号，可省略，不可用that)→例句：My brother,.who is a doctor,.works in Beijing. 2.分隔式定语从句（中考易错）： 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 。先行词与从句被其他成分隔开→例句：I was the only person in my office who was invited to the party..（先行词person与从句被in my office隔开) 考法精析 考法一：关系代词的选择与用法 核心：根据先行词（人物）及关系代词在从句中的成分（主语/宾语/定语），选择正确的关系代词 (who/whom/which/that/whose) 真题1（语法填空）： The girl is standing under the tree is my best friend. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词the girl指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that。 真题2（单项选择)： This is the dictionarymy mother bought for me last week. A.who B.which C.whose D.where 答案：B 解析：先行词the dictionary指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，应用which(或that,选项中无that, 故选B)。 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的辨析 核心：根据先行词的类型及关系词在从句中的语法功能（作主语/宾语定语还是状语），选择正确 的关系代词或关系副词 真题1（语法填空)： This is the park_we had a picnic last Sunday. 答案：where 解析：先行词the park是地点名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。 真题2（完形填空）： I will never forget the day_I met my best friend. A.which B.when C.who D.whom 答案：B 解析：先行词the day是时间名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。which用于 指物且在从句中作主语或宾语，who和whom用于指人，均不符合语境。 考法三：定语从句关系词的综合辨析与运用 5 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 核心：结合先行词类型（人/物时间/地点/原因）、从句成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语）及特殊限定条 件（如最高级、不定代词修饰先行词等），综合判断并选择正确的关系代词或关系副词 真题1（单项选择)： This is the most interesting story-I have ever read. A who B which C that D whose 答案：C 解析：先行词'stoy'指物，且被最高级'the most interesting'”修饰，根据知识点一和知识点三，先 行词被最高级修饰时关系代词只能用hat。 真题2（语法填空）： Do you know the girl-mother is a doctor?She helped me when I was ill. 答案：whose 解析：先行词'the girl'指人，从句中”mother'需要定语修饰，表示”女孩的妈妈”，根据三个知识点 中关于关系代词whose的用法，whose在从句中作定语，指人或物的”的”，此处指女孩的妈妈， 故填whose。. 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 先行词是人还是物，关系代词先辨明： 做主作宾用who/which/that,指人主语who/that,指物主语which/.hat: 指人宾语whom/who/that,指物宾语which/.that: 定语所属用whose,人/物后接名词行： 关系副词看状语，时间when地点where: 先行词被最高级限，关系代词只that选： 基本结构要牢记，先行词加关系词和从句： 关系代词作宾语，口语可以省略去。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.This is the boy_helped me carry the books yesterday. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 2.The storybook-my father bought for me is very interesting. A.where B.when C.which D.why 3.I still remember the day we visited the science museum A.when B.which C.who D.whom 6 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 4.This is the best filmI have ever seen. A.which B.what C.that D.who 5.The girl hair is black comes from China. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 6.The park-we often play basketball is near our school A.where B.when C.why D.that 7.He told us many stories about his childhood-made us laugh. A.who B.which C.where D.whom 8.The teacher_you met in the office is our math teacher. A.when B.where C.whom D.whose 9.Do you know the reason_she was late for school? A.when B.why C.which D.who 10.We visited the village and the old peoplelive there last week. A.which B.who C.where D.that 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The book I borrowed from the library is about history.(which/that) 2.This is the school_I studied five years ago.(where) 3.The girl is wearing a blue dress is my cousin.(who/that) 4.I will never forget the time-we spent together.(which/that) 5.The man_son is my classmate is a doctor.(whose) 6.The house-windows are broken needs to be repaired.(whose) 7.The story_he told us yesterday was very moving.(which/that) 8.We visited the museum-we saw many ancient artifacts.(where) 9.The reasonshe cried was that she lost her pet dog.(why) 10.This is the pen-my father gave me as a birthday gift.(which/that) 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My name is Lily.I live in a small town-(1)is surrounded by green mountains.Last year,I met a girl (2)name is Lucy.She is from Canada,_(3)is a beautiful country.We became friends on the day _(4) we first talked at the school library.Lucy loves reading books_(5)tell interesting stories.She also likes the park_(6)we often fly kites. Last month,we visited an old temple_(7)was built 300 years ago.The guide_(8)showed us around 7 初三下册译林牛津版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 told us many stories about the temple.I still remember the moment_(9)we saw the ancient paintings on the walls.It was an experience-(10)I will never forget. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.C5.C6.A7B8.C9B10D 1.which/that 2.where 3.who/that 4.which/that 5.whose 6.whose 7.which/that 8.where 9.why 10.which/that 1.which/that 2.whose 3.which 4.when 5.which/that 6.where 7.which/that 8.who/that 9.when 10.which/that P