现在完成时-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 语法专版 【专题】现在完成时 语法专项突破 考频分析 初二下外研版中，现在完成时是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型： 单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 时间关系表达与语境连贯性)。在语境理解类题目中，现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析、时间状语 的搭配及has/have的正确使用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构：肯定句（主语+have/has+过去分词）、否定句（主语+have/has+not+过去分词）、疑问句 (Have/Has+主语+过去分词)的构成 。时间标志词：already、yet、ever、never、just、for+时间段、since-+时间点/从句等的辨析与应用 ·语境意义：表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态、过去发生对现在造成影响的动作，与一般过 去时的区别 知识点一：现在完成时的构成及用法 1.基本构成 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词（第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 。例句：I have finished my homework 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词 ·例句：She hasn't seen this movie 3.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 。例句：Have they arrived yet? 2.核心用法 1 初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/状态（常与for/since连用） ·例句：He has lived here for 10 years. 2.表示过去发生且对现在有影响的动作（强调结果） 。例句：I have lost my keys. 3.表示说话前完成的动作（未明确时间，暗示与现在相关） 。例句：She has visited Paris twice. 3.常见时间标志词 1.不确定的过去时间：already(肯定句)、yet（否定/疑问句)、ever、never 2.持续时间：for+时间段、since+时间点 3.:(1)We have already eaten dinner.(2)They haven't called since last week. 4.与一般过去时的区别 1.现在完成时：强调与现在的联系（影响/持续），不与具体过去时间连用 ·错误：I have met her yesterday..(应改为一般过去时：I met her yesterday..) 2.一般过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关 ●例句：She studied abroad in2019. 知识点二：现在完成时与被动语态 1.现在完成时 l.时间标志词：already、yet、for+时间段、since+时间点、so far、recently、in the past few years 2.主动语态：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 。例句：We have studied English for six years. 3.被动语态：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 ·例句：The project has been completed by them recently. 2.现在完成时的特殊用法 1.延续性动词与非延续性动词 ●例句：He has had the book for a week.(buy转化为have) 2.have/has been to”与”have/has gone to”的区别 ●例句：I have been to Shanghai twice.(去过上海，已▣来) 2 初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 知识点三：现在完成时 1.基本结构 l.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 ●例句：She has lived in Beijing for5 years. 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词 ●例句：They haven't finished their homework yet. 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 。例句：Has he ever been to Shanghai? 2.时间标志词（中考必背) l.for+时间段→We have studied English for3 years. 2.since+过去时间点/句子→He has worked here since2018. 3.already（肯定句)→I have already read this book 4.yet(否定句/疑问句)→Have you finished the task yet? 5.ever(疑问句)→Have you ever seen a panda? 6.just(刚刚)→They have just arrived home. 3.核心用法（中考核心) 1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/状态 ●例句：My brother has been a teacher since20l0. 2.表示过去发生对现在有影响的动作 ·例句：I have lost my key..Ican't open the door. 3.易错点：瞬间动词（如buy,die,join)不可与for/since连用，需转换为延续性动词 ●错误：He has bought the bike for2 years.. 。正确：He has had the bike for2 years. 解题小妙招 3 初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 现在完成时解题妙招 现在完成看标志，yet、before、since连： 主语人称分单复，三单has复have: 肯定结构主+has/have+done,否定not加在has/have间； 疑问提前has/have,主语之后过去分词连； 主动变被动有规则，宾作主来主by短语； be done结构要牢记，完成被动has/have been done; 不及物动词遇被动，介词千万别忘记添： 瞬间动词表持续，转换规则记心间。 考法精析 考法一：基本结构运用 真题1（语法填空）： She_(not finish)her homework yet.It's time to hand it in. 答案：hasm't finished 解析：由否定句结构“主语+hasn't+过去分词”及时间标志词“yet”可知，主语为第三人称单数， 助动词用hasn't,finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（单项选择）： -they-the Great Wall before? A.Have visited B.Has visited C.Did visit D.Will visit 答案：A 解析：由疑问句结构“Have/Has+主语+过去分词”及时间标志词“before'”可知，主语为复数，助 动词用Have,visit的过去分词为visited。 考法二：现在完成时主动与被动语态转换 真题1（句型转换)： I have finished my homework already.(改为被动语态) 答案：My homework has been finished by me already 解析：原句为现在完成时主动语态，被动语态结构为“主语（原宾语）+have/has been+过去分词+ by执行者”；主语“My homework”为不可数名词，助动词用has,finished的过去分词为finished。 真题2（单选题）： This house by him for 5 years. A has lived B has been lived C has been lived in D lived in 答案：C 4 初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 解析：主语“This house”是动作承受者，用被动语态，排除A、D:“live”是不及物动词，被动语 态需加介词“in”,结构为“has been lived in”,故选C。 考法三：现在完成时主动与被动的综合应用及动词转换 真题1（单项选择)： These books_in our school library for over five years.Many students like reading them. A.have kept B.have been kept C.kept D.were kept 答案：B 解析：主语“these books”是动作“keep”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“for over five years”可知用现在完成时，现在完成时被动语态结构为“have been+过去分词”，keep的过去分词 为kept。 真题2（语法填空）： The old bridge(build)since 2010.Now it's still used by local people. 答案：has been built 解析：主语“the old bridge”是动作“build”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词“since20l0” 可知用现在完成时，结构为“has been+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.My parentsin this city for over 15 years. A have lived B has lived C lived D will live 2.-you everto the Great Wall? -Yes,I went there last summer. A Do visit B Did visit C Have visited D Will visit 3.He his keys.He can't enter the room now. A loses B lost Chas lost D will lose 4.This storybook by millions of children so far. A is read B was read C has read D has been read 5.Wealready the movie twice.It's very interesting. A have seen B has seen C saw D will see 6.-your sisterher homework yet? -No,she is still doing it. A Has finished B Have finished C Did finish D Will finish 初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 7.I this dictionary since I was in Grade Seven. A buy B bought C have bought D have had 8.These photosin the park last Sunday. A take B took C were taken D have been taken 9.-How long_you in this school? -For three years. A are studying B do study C have studied D will study 10.The old man here since 2010. A lives b lived C has lived d will live 演练二：填空 1.She(not eat)breakfast yet.She is hungry now. 2.They(visit)the museum twice this month. 3.-you ever(see)such a big elephant before? 4.My father(work)in this factory for 20 years. 5.The letter_(not send)yet.Please check the mailbox. 6.Wealready(finish)the project.Let's have a rest. 7.He(keep)this book for two weeks.He needs to return it. 8.your brother(arrive)at the station?The train is coming soon. 9.The classroom(clean)by the students.It looks tidy now. 10.I never(hear)of this story.Can you tell me about it? 演练三：语法填空 Tom is a student in Grade Nine.He 1_(study)English for six years.His teacher says he has made great progress.Tom 2(read)many English books so far,and he often shares stories with his classmates. Last week,Tom's class 3-(hold)an English party.Tom sang an English song.Many students said it was the best performance."I4_(practice)the song for two weeks before the party,"Tom said. Now,Tom is preparing for an English competition.He 5(not start)yet,but he is confident."I 6 (learn) a lot from my mistakes,"he told his mother.His mother believes he 7(win)the competition. Tom's English notebook is always full of notes.He 8(write)down new words every day since last term. “English is useful,”Tom said.“I9_(use)it to talk with foreigners in the future.” So far,Tom 10_(make)many foreign friends.They often help each other with language learning.Tom 6 初二下外研版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 hopes to study abroad one day. 答案区 演练-：1.A2.C3.C4.D5.A6.A7D8.C9.C10.C 1.hasn't eaten 2.have visited 3.Have seen 4.has worked 5.hasn't been sent 6.have finished 7.has kept 8.Has arrived 9.has been cleaned 10.have heard 1.has studied 2.has read 3.held 4.had practiced 5.hasn't started 6.have learned 7.will win 8.has written 9.will use 10.has made 7