一般过去时-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】一般过去时 语法专项突破 考频分析 初一下外研版中，一般过去时是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型： 单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子时间背 景的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，一般过去时的时间标志词识别及动词过去式变化往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构：be动词(was/were)的人称匹配，实义动词过去式的规则变化（加-ed与不规则变化（如 go-went,eat-ate) ·时间标志词：yesterday,last week,in2020,just now等时间状语的识别与匹配 。语境应用：描述过去某一特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与一般现在时、现在完成时的语境区 分 知识点一：一般过去时的构成及用法 1.基本构成（以动词do为例） 1.肯定句：主语+动词过去式 例句：She walked to school yesterday.(walk的过去式为walked) 2.否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形 例句：Ie didn't finish his homework last night. 3.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形 例句：Did you see the movie yesterday?(肯定回答：Yes,Idid.否定回答：No,I didn't.) 2.常用时间状语 1.具体过去时间：yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、three days ago(三天前)、in2020(在2020年) 1 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.过去特定时段：this morning（今天上午，已过去)、just now(刚才) 例句：They played basketball last Saturday..(last Saturday为具体过去时间状语) 3.动词过去式变化规则 1.规则变化： 。直接加-ed:work一→worked、play一→played 例句：I worked all day yesterday. ·以e结尾加-d:live→lived、like→liked 例句：She lived here five years ago. 。辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-ed:study一→studied、carry-carried 例句：He studied English last night. 。重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed:stop→stopped、plan→planned 例句：They stopped talking just now. 2.不规则变化：g0→went、see→saw、eat-→ate 例句：We went to the park yesterday. 4.基本用法 1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 例句：She was happy yesterday.(状态，was为am/is的过去式)/He bought a book an hour ago.(动 作，bought为buy的过去式) 2.表示过去经常或习惯性的动作（可与used to替换) 例句：I often walked to school when I was a child.(过去习惯性动作) 知识点二：一般过去时的用法拓展与易错点 1.规则动词过去式的构成（变化规律) 1.一般情况：动词词尾加-ed 例：work→worked(工作)、play→played(玩) 2.以不发音的e结尾：直接加-d 例：live→lived(居住)、like→liked(喜欢) 3.以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i加-ed 例：study→studied(学习)、cay一carried(携带) 4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写末尾辅音字母加-d 例：stop一stopped(停止)、plan→planned(计划) 2.不规则动词过去式的常见类型（需重点记忆) 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.AAA型（原形、过去式、过去分词一致） 例：cut→cut(切)、put一put(放)、Iead→read(读，发音为red/) 2.ABB型（过去式与过去分词一致，与原形不同) 例：buy→bought(买)、think→thought(想)、teach一→taught（教) 3.ABA型（原形与过去分词一致，过去式不同） 例：come→came→come(来)、become→became→become(变成) 4.ABC型（原形、过去式、过去分词均不同） 例：eat一ate一eaten(吃)、see→saw一seen（看见)、go→went→gone（去) 3.一般过去时的否定句和疑问句结构 1.否定句 结构：主语+didn't+动词原形 例句：He didn't watch TV last night.(他昨晚没看电视。) They didn't visit the museum yesterday.(他们昨天没参观博物馆。) 2.一般疑问句 结构：Did+主语+动词原形？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+did. 否定回答：No,主语+di't 例句：一Did she finish her homework just now?(她刚才完成作业了吗？) -Yes,she did./No,she didn't. 3.特殊疑问句 结构：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 例句：What did you do last weekend?(你上周末做什么了？) Where did they go three days ago?(他们三天前去哪里了？) 4.易错点提示 ·时间标志词混淆：避免与一般现在时（如often)、现在完成时（如since)的时间词混用，例如不能 说”He plays basketball yesterday.”(应改为played)。 ·不规则动词误用：需区分易混淆动词，如I see a film yesterday..”错误，应为”saw”(see的过去式)。 。be动词的过去式否定/疑问：be动词(was/were)的否定直接加not(wasn't/weren't),疑问将was/were 提前，例如'She wasn't at home last night..”（否定)：”Were they late for school this morning?'(疑问)。 知识点三：一般过去时的特殊疑问句及回答 1.特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？ 1.What was the weather like yesterday?-It was sunny 3 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.Where were you last night?-I was at home. 3.When was your birthday?-It was on July 5th 4.How old was she in the photo?She was 5 years old. 5.Who was with you at the park?-My brother was with me. 2.特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 1.What did you do last weekend?-I visited my uncle 2.Where did they go on vacation?-They went to Beijing 3.When did he finish his homework?-He finished it at 7 p.m. 4.How did she get to school yesterday?-She took the bus. 5.Why did you late for class?-Because I missed the bus. 3.特殊疑问词+主语+was/were+其他？（对主语提问） 1.Who was late for the meeting?-Tom was late. 2.Which book was on the desk?The storybook was on the desk. 考法精析 考法一：动词过去式变化规则 核心：根据动词原形及变化规则，写出正确的过去式形式 真题1（词汇运用）： She(study)English with her friend last night. 答案：studied 解析：study是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变过去式需改y为i加-ed,故填studied。 真题2（单项选择)： They-(stop)talking when the teacher came in. A stop B stops C stopped D stopping 答案：C 解析：stop是重读闭音节动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，变过去式需双写尾字母加-d,故填stopped。. 考法二：动词过去式变化及句型应用 4 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：结合一般过去时的动词变化规则，在主谓宾/主系表句型中正确填写动词过去式 真题1（语法填空）： She(study)English for two hours last night. 答案：studied 解析：由时间标志词“last night'”可知用一般过去时，study以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed, 过去式为studied。 真题2（单项选择)： The food(taste)great at the party yesterday. A taste B tastes C tasted D tasting 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，taste的过去式为tasted,此处为主系表句型 (感官动词+表语)。 考法三：一般过去时在不同句型中的综合运用及动词形式判断 核心：结合主谓宾、主系表、主谓等基本句型，根据时间状语判断一般过去时，正确使用动词过去 式（规则与不规则变化）及否定/疑问结构 真题1（单项选择）： My mother me a story every night when I was young.Now she reads e-books instead. A tells B told C is telling D will tell 答案：B 解析：由时间状语“when I was young”（我小时候，表过去)可知用一般过去时；“tell a story”为 固定搭配，tell的过去式为told。 真题2（语法填空）： They_(study)hard for the exam last week,so they all passed. 答案：studied 解析：由时间状语“last week”(上周)可知用一般过去时：“stuy”以辅音字母+y结尾，规则变 化需变y为i加-ed,故填studied。 解题小妙招 过去式解题妙招 过去式变法有规则，一般情况直接加ed: 辅音加y变i加ed,重读闭音节双写加ed: 结尾若是哑音e,直接加d就可以： 5 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 不规则变化需牢记，真题练习要注意； 时态判断看标志，last night yesterday和过去时间点： 句型应用主谓宾，主系表中也适用： 一般疑问did开头，动词原形后面跟： 综合运用记心间，过去时态准能行。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.He to the park with his family yesterday A go B goes C went D going 答案：C 2.My mother oftenstories to me when I was a child A tell B tells C told D telling 答案：C 3.Theybasketball on the playground last Saturday A play B plays C played D playing 答案：C 4.-you the movie with your friends last night A Do watch B Did watch C Are watching D Have watched 答案：B 5.The weathersunny yesterday A is B was C are Dwere 答案：B 6.She_a new dress in the shop an hour ago A buy B buys C bought D buying 答案：C 7.Wedinner at 7:00 p.m.yesterday evening A have B has C had D having 答案：C 8.The students when the bell rang A study B studies C studied D studying 答案：C 9.My father to work by bike when he was young A go B goes C went D going 答案：C 6 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 10.They talking when the teacher came in A stop B stops C stopped D stopping 答案：C 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.She(study)English for two hours last night 答案：studied 2.He(watch)TV with his family yesterday evening 答案：watched 3.They(play)football on the playground last Sunday 答案：played 4.My mother(cook)dinner for us an hour ago 答案：cooked 5.We(go)to the park with our friends yesterday 答案：went 6.The students _(listen)to music in the classroom just now 答案：listened 7.She(be)happy when she heard the news 答案：was 8.He_(buy)a new book in the shop last week 答案：bought 9.They (live)in this city five years ago 答案：lived 10.My father(work)in the office all day yesterday 答案：worked 演练三：语法填空 Last Sunday,I_(go)to the zoo with my family.We _(leave)home at 8:00 a.m.and_(take)a bus to get there.When we_(arrive)at the zoo,there-(be)many people.We first-(see)the pandas.They-(look) very cute.Then we_(watch)the monkey show.The monkeys_(jump)up and down and_(make)us laugh.We(have)a great time that day. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.C4B5.B6.C7.C8.C9.C10.C 1.studied 2.watched 3.played 4.cooked 5.went 6.listened 7.was 8.bought 9.lived 10.worked 演练三：went,left,took,arrived,.were,saw,looked,watched,jumped,made,had 7