动态动词用法-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】动态动词用法 语法专项突破 考频分析 初一下外研版中，动态动词是基础语法模块，考频占动词用法总量的30%左右，主要分布在核心 基础题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、词汇运用(1-2题)、句子翻译（核心考察，直 接影响表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，动态动词的基本含义、搭配及简单时态变化往往是解 题关键。 考查内容 ·动作特征分类：延续性动词与非延续性动词的时间状语搭配及转换（如borrow”与'keep”的语境差 异) 。时态动态体现：现在进行时表当前动作、过去进行时表背景动作、将来进行时表计划动作的语境识 别 ·动词短语搭配：动态动词与介词/副词构成的固定短语（如look up”查阅、”give up”放弃)的语义 辨析及语境运用 知识点一：动态动词的语法特征及用法示例 1.动作持续性（可与时间段连用) 。常见类型：延续性动词(work/study/live) 。例句： 1.She has worked in this company for5 years.(表持续动作，与for+时间段连用) 2.They studied abroad from2018to2020.(表特定期间持续动作) 2.瞬时完成性（不可直接接时间段） ●终止性动词(leave/start/finish) ●例句：He left Beijing yesterday.(表瞬间动作，不可说left for3days)/The meeting started at9a.m (表时间点动作) 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.时态呼应规则 ·现在进行时表当前动作：They are playing basketball now.(强调此刻正在进行) ·过去进行时表背景动作：When I called her,she was cooking dinner..(主句瞬时动作用一般过去时，背 景持续动作用过去进行时) 4.被动语态转换 ·及物动态动词可用于被动：The workers built this bridge in20l0.→This bridge was built in2010.(主动 变被动，保留动作执行者) ·不及物动词无被动：The accident happened last night.(happen为不及物动态动词，无被动形式) 知识点二：情态动词的基本用法及动态动词搭配 l.can/could(能力、许可、请求) 。基本含义：can:表示现在的能力(“能，会”)、许可（口语中，“可以)或请求(“能...吗”)：could: 表示过去的能力、委婉请求（比cn更礼貌） 。动态动词搭配（后接动词原形）： 1.She can speak English fluently.(现在能力，speak为动态动词) 2.Could you pass the pen to me?(委婉请求，pass为动态动词) 3.They couldn't swim when they were young.(过去能力，swim为动态动词) 4.Can we play basketball after school?(许可，play为动态动词) 2.may/might(许可、可能性) ·基本含义：may:表示许可（正式，“可以”）、可能性(“可能”)：might:可能性比may小，或用于 过去时的许可 ·动态动词搭配（后接动词原形)： 1.You may leave the classroom now.(许可，leave为动态动词) 2.It might rain this afternoon.(可能性，rain为动态动词) 3.She thought she might finish the work today.（过去可能性，finish为动态动词) 4.May I borrow your dictionary?(请求许可，borrow为动态动词) 3.must/have to(必须、义务) 。基本含义：nust:表示主观必须（说话人认为“必须'）：have to:表示客观需要(“不得不”，有人 称、时态变化) 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。动态动词搭配(nust后接动词原形；have to后接动词原形，根据时态变化)： 1.We must follow the school rules.(主观必须，follow为动态动词) 2.He has to get up early every morning.(客观需要，get为动态动词) 3.They had to stop working because of the rain..(过去客观需要，stop为动态动词) 4.You mustn't talk loudly in the library.(nustn't表示“禁止”，tak为动态动词) 4.wil/would（意愿、习惯) 。基本含义：wll:表示现在的意愿(“愿意”)、将来习惯；woud:表示过去的意愿、委婉请求或过去 习惯 ·动态动词搭配（后接动词原形）： 1.I will help you with your homework.(现在意愿，help为动态动词) 2.Would you like to go shopping with me?(委婉请求，go为动态动词) 3.When he was young,he would run every morning.(过去习惯，tun为动态动词) 4.The door won't open..(意愿，此处表示“门不肯开”，open为动态动词) 5.need(需要) ·基本含义：作情态动词时，用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形：作实义动词时，有人称、时态变 化，后接todo 。动态动词搭配（情态动词：need+动词原形；实义动词：need to+动词原形）： 1.You needn't worry about it.(情态动词否定，woy为动态动词) 2.Need I call him now?(情态动词疑问，call为动态动词) 3.She needs to buy some vegetables.(实义动词，buy为动态动词) 4.They needed to finish the project yesterday..(过去时实义动词，finish为动态动词) 6.had better（最好做某事) 。基本含义：表示建议，“最好.”，否定形式为had better not 。动态动词搭配（后接动词原形）： l.You had better take an umbrella.(建议，take为动态动词) 2.We had better not play computer games too late.(否定建议，play为动态动词) 3.He had better start working now.(建议，start为动态动词) 知识点三：动态动词用法 1.现在进行时表将来（计划/安排） 3 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.come→例句：My parents are coming to visit next week. 2.go→例句：We are going to the cinema tonight 3.leave→例句：The train is leaving in five minutes. 4.start→例句：The meeting is starting at2p.m 5.arrive→例句：She is arriving tomorrow morning 6.meet→例句：We are meeting at the school gate.. 7.fy→例句：He is flying to Beijing next Monday 8.return→例句：They are returning home next month 。特殊时间标志词（中考常考）： 1.tonight→例句：I am watching a movie tonight. 2.tomorrow→例句：She is having a party tomorrow, 3.next week→例句：We are going hiking next week, 4.im+时间段→例句：The plane is taking off in an hour, 2.情态动词+动态动词（表能力/许可推测） 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 1.can+do（能/会做)→例句：I can swim across the river. 2.may+do(可以做)→例句：You may borrow my book. 3.must+do(必须做)→例句：We must finish our homework first. 4.should+do(应该做)→例句：You should brush your teeth twice a day. 5.need+do(需要做，用于否定/疑问)→例句：Need I call him now? 6.wil+do(将要做)→例句：I will help you with your study:. 7.would+do(愿意做)→例句：He would like to go shopping with us.. 8.might+do(可能做)→例句：It might rain this afternoon 3.动词短语中的动态动词（固定搭配） 。中考高频短语（核心必背）： 1.take of(起飞/脱下)→例句：The plane takes off at9a.m. 2.put on(穿上)→例句：Please put on your coat. 3.tuon(打开)→例句：Can you turn on the light? 4.look after(照顾)→例句：She looks after her little sister 5.pick up(捡起/接人)→例句：I pick up my pen from the floor. 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 6.give back(归还)→例句：You must give back the book on time. 7.get up(起床)→例句：He gets up at6:30 every morning. 8.un away(逃跑)→例句：The cat runs away from the dog. 考法精析 考法一：动态动词与静态动词辨析 核心：根据动词是否表示动作或状态，判断能否用于进行时 真题1（语法填空）： Look!The children_(play)happily in the garden 答案：are playing 解析：ply为动态动词，表示具体动作，可用于进行时；由“Look!”可知动作正在发生，用现在进 行时，主语children为复数，be动词用are,play的现在分词为playing。 真题2（单项选择)： My mother-(know)the answer to the question now. A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.knew 答案：B 解析：kow为静态动词，表示心理状态，不可用于进行时，排除C;由“ow'和语境可知表示当 前状态，用一般现在时，主语mother为三单，动词用knows。. 考法二：动态动词与静态动词辨析 核心：根据动词表示的是动作过程还是状态特征，判断能否用于进行时或匹配正确时态 真题1（语法填空）： Look!The children_(run)on the playground happily. 答案：are running 解析：un为动态动词，表示具体动作，由“L0ok!”可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时，主语为复 数，be动词用are,un的现在分词为unning。 真题2（单项选择）： She-the answer to the question now. A.knows B.is knowing C.knew D.will know 答案：A 解析：kow为静态动词，表示心理状态，通常不用于进行时，由“ow”结合语境表当前状态，用 般现在时，主语为三单，动词用kowS。 考法三：情态动词与动态动词搭配及时态运用 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：结合语境选择合适的情态动词，判断动态动词在不同时态中的形式及被动语态转换 真题1（单项选择）： We-finish the work before 5 p.m.because the manager will check it soon. A.must B.can C.may D.would 答案：A 解析：根据语境“经理很快会检查'可知此处表示主观必须，应用情态动词must;finish为动态动 词，must后接动词原形，符合情态动词+动态动词原形”的搭配规则。 真题2（语法填空）： The children_(play)basketball on the playground when it started to rain yesterday. 答案：were playing 解析：when引导的时间状语从句中“started'为瞬时动态动词（终止性动词），用一般过去时表过 去某个时间点的动作；主句ply”为延续性动态动词，表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去 进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词'，主语children为复数，be动词用were,play的现在分词为 playing。 解题小妙招 动态静态先辨析，动作状态是核心： 动态可用于进行，静态常表心理状态： 进行时看标志词，L0ok提示动作正发生： 主谓主动被动分，被动be加done要记牢： 瞬时动词非进行，延续动词配时段： 般现在表常态，三单变化别忘掉。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My brother basketball with his friends every Saturday A.play B.plays C.is playing D.played 2.Listen!Someone in the next room. A.sing B.sings C.is singing D.sang 3.We_to the Great Wall last summer vacation A.go B.went C.are going D.will go 4.She usually_up at 6:30 a.m.,but today sheup late A.get;is getting B.gets;got C.got;gets D.is getting;gets 6 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 5.The trainat 8:00 p.m.Please arrive at the station on time. A.leaves B.is leaving C.left D.will leave 6.My parents in this city for 15 years. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.are living 7.He his homework when I called him last night. A.do B.does C.did D.was doing 8.This storybook_by a famous writer in 2010. A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written 9.Youso happy today!What good news? A.look B.are looking C.looked D.will look 10.-Where is Tom? -Hefor his lost key in the classroom. A.looks B.looked C.is looking D.will look 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.My sister often_(read)books in the evening 2.Look!The children (swim)in the pool now. 3.They_(visit)the museum last Sunday. 4.We_(learn)English for 3 years. 5.The rain_(stop)an hour ago. 6.Listen!The birds_(sing)in the tree 7.My father_(watch)TV when I got home yesterday. 8.This bridge_(build)in 2005. 9.She(not like)spicy food. 10.I(see)a big dog on the street just now. 演练三：语法填空 Dear Mary, I'm glad to tell you about my life in Beijing.I_(live)here with my parents since 2020.Every morning,I _(walk)to school because it's near my home.Last week,my class-(visit)the Palace Museum.We_ (see)many ancient buildings and(listen)to the guide's introduction.Now,I_(write)this email in my bedroom.My mother(cook)dinner in the kitchen,and my father_(read)newspapers. Beijing is a great city.I_(fall)in love with it soon after I arrived.People here_(be)very friendly.I hope you_(come)to visit me next summer! 7 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 Best wishes, Li Ming 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.B5.A6.C7.D8.D9.A10.C 1reads 2.are swimming 3.visited 4.have learned 5.stopped 6.are singing 7.was watching 8.was built 9.does not like 10.saw 1.have lived 2.walk 3.visited4.saw 5.listened 6.am writing 7.is cooking 8.is reading 9.fell 10.will come P