情态动词表能力许可请求-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（仁爱版）

初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】情态动词（表能力、许可、请求） 语法专项突破 考频分析 初一下仁爱版中，情态动词（表能力、许可、请求）是基础语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左 右，主要分布在试卷基础题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、情景交际（核 心考察，直接影响语言表达得体性)。在语境理解类题目中，情态动词的含义辨析及语气差异往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 。词义辨析与功能：can/could(表能力)、may/might(表许可)、can/may/will/would(表请求)的基本 含义与区别： ·语境应用：根据场景正确选用表能力（如描述技能）、许可（如征求同意）、请求（如提出要求）的 情态动词： 。句式转换：含情态动词的陈述句与疑问句转换，以及情态动词后接动词原形的固定搭配。 知识点一：情态动词（表能力、许可、请求） 1.表能力（能/会做某事） 1.常见情态动词：cn(现在/将来能力)、could(过去能力/委婉语气) 2.例句： ·I can speak English fluently.(现在能力) ●She could swim when she was five.(过去能力) 2.表许可（允许做某事） 1.常见情态动词：can(口语常用)、may(较正式)、could/might(委婉请求许可) 2.例句： 。You can go home early today.(允许) 初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·May I use your pen?(请求许可，较正式) 3.表请求（礼貌请求他人做某事） 1.常见情态动词：can/could(could更委婉)、may/might(might最委婉) 2.例句： ·Could you help me carry this box?(委婉请求) ·May I ask you a question?(礼貌请求) 4.基本用法规则 1.后接动词原形：情态动词+do（如：can swim,may leave) 2.否定形式：直接加not(can→cant,could-→couldn't,nay→nay not) 3.疑问形式：情态动词提至句首（如：Can he drive?May we come in?) 知识点二：情态动词（表能力、许可、请求） 1.表能力(can/could) 1.基本用法： ·can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力或委婉语气 2.肯定句结构：主语+can/could+动词原形 ·She can speak English well.（现在能力，can+speak) 。I could swim when I was five.(过去能力，could+swim) 3.否定句结构：主语+cam't/couldn't+动词原形 .He can't play the piano.(can't+play) They couldn't finish the work yesterday.(couldn't+finish) 4.疑问句结构：Can/Could+主语+动词原形？ ●Can you ride a bike?(Can+主语+ride) 。Could she dance when she was young?(Could+主语+dance) 2.表许可(can/may/must not) 1.基本用法： 。can/may表示“可以”（许可），may比can更正式；must not表示“禁止” 初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.肯定句结构：主语+cn/may+动词原形 You can go home now.(can+go) Students may borrow books from the library.(may+borrow) 3.否定句结构：主语+can't/must not+动词原形 You can't park here.(can't+park) You must not smoke in the classroom.(must not+smoke) 4.疑问句结构：Can/May+主语+动词原形？ ·Can I use your pen'?(Can+主语+use) ●May I come in?(May+主语+come) 3.表请求(can/could/wil/would) 1.基本用法： ●can/could用于请求对方做某事，could更委婉：will/would用于请求对方允许自己做某事，would 更委婉 2.结构：Can/Could/Will/Would+主语+动词原形？ ·Can you help me with my homework?(请求对方帮忙，Can+主语+help) ·Could you pass me the salt,.please?(委婉请求，Could-+主语+pass) ·Will you please open the window?(请求对方允许开窗，Will+主语+open) 。Would you mind closing the door?(委婉请求，Would+主语+mind+doing) 知识点三：情态动词（表能力、许可、请求） 1.表能力(can/could) 1.基础用法（核心掌握)： 。can(现在/将来能力)→例句：She can speak English fluently. ●could(过去能力)→例句：I could swim when I was five. 。be able to(强调通过努力获得的能力，可用于各种时态)→例句：He will be able to finish the work tomorrow. 2.表许可(can/may/must not). 1.基础用法（核心掌握)： 。can（口语化许可)→例句：You can use my pen. 初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·may(正式许可)→例句：May I come in? 。cam't/must not(禁止)→例句：You must not park here. 3.表请求(can/could/will/would) 1.委婉表达（高频考点)： 。Could you.?(更委婉)→例句：Could you help me carry the box? ●Would you.?(礼貌请求)→例句：Would you please open the window? 。Can you.?(日常请求)→例句：Can you pass me the salt? 4.情态动词辨析（易混点） 1.can vs may(许可)：Can用于非正式场合，May更正式→例句：May I borrow your book?(比Can I.更礼貌) 2.could vs was able to(过去能力)：could表过去一般能力，was able to表过去成功做到→例句：He was able to escape from the fire.（成功逃脱) 3.must not vs need not(否定)：must not表禁止，need not表不必→例句：You need not wait for me. (不必等我) 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测（对现在情况） 核心：根据上下文语境判断可能性强弱，选择must、should、may/might或can't、may not/might not 进行推测 真题1（语法填空）： The light is on in hisroom.He_be at home now. 答案：must 解析：由“灯亮着”这一语境可知，对现在情况的肯定推测且可能性极高，用ust表“一定”。 真题2（完形填空)： -Where is Lucy? -She-go to the library.I'm not sure. A.must B.should C.may D.can't 答案：C 解析：由“I'm not sure'”可知，对现在情况的推测可能性较低，用may表“可能”。 考法二：情态动词表推测与义务辨析 4 初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：根据语境判断情态动词表推测（肯定/否定）或义务（必须/禁止/不必）的用法，选择正确情 态动词 真题1（单项选择）： -I borrow your dictionary?I left mine at home. -Sure,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Need 答案：C 解析：根据语境“请求借词典”，表委婉请求许可用may,符合“MayI?”的用法（知识点一表许 可)。must表必须，should表应该，need表需要，均不符合请求语境。 真题2（完形填空）： The light in his room is off.He be at home now.Maybe he went out for dinner. A.must B.can't C.should D.may 答案：B 解析：根据“灯关着”的语境，表否定推测“不可能在家”，用can't(知识点二表推测否定)。ust 表肯定推测（一定），should表应该，may表可能（肯定)，均不符合否定推测逻辑。 考法三：情态动词多义辨析与语境应用 核心：结合语境区分情态动词表能力、许可、请求、推测、义务等不同含义，掌握基本用法规则及 特殊结构（如情态动词+have done) 真题1（单项选择)： -you swim when you were seven? -No,I couldn't.But now I-swim very well. A.Can;can B.Could;can C.May;could D.Could;may 答案：B 解析：第一空根据when you were seven'”(过去时间)可知表过去能力，用could;第二空'now”表 现在能力，用can。 真题2（语法填空）： You _(must)park here.Look at the sign-"No Parking".You _(may)get a ticket. 答案：mustn't,may 解析：第一空根据No Parking”标志可知表禁止，用mustn't:第二空表推测，可能会收到罚单”，用 may表较低可能性推测。 解题小妙招 情态动词解题妙招 推测现在看语境，可能性强用must: 不太确定may/might,.否定推测can't加： 义务请求要辨析，MayI表请求呀： 5 初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 must表必须should应，need不必记心下； 综合运用看时间，过去能力用could: 情态动词后原形，have done表过去啦： 无人称变化要牢记，结合语境准不差。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Yoube quiet in the library.Everyone is reading. A.must B.may C.can D.might 2.-I use your phone?Mine is dead. -Sure,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Need 3.The ground is wet.It rained last night. A.must B.can't C.may not D.should 4.Heswim when he was five,but now he can't. A.can B.could C.must D.should 5.You_park here.There'sa“No Parking”sign. A.must B.needn't C.mustn't D.may 6.-Where is Tom? -Hebe in the classroom.I saw him there just now. A.must B.can't C.may D.should 7.Shepass the exam if she studies hard. A.must B.should C.might D.can't 8.-you speak Japanese? —No,Ican't,butI一speak English, A.Can;can B.Must;may C.Need;should D.May;must 9.You-worry about me.I'm old enough to take care of myself. A.must B.needn't C.mustn't D.should 10.The answer_be wrong.Let me check it again. A.must B.can't C.may D.should 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We()help each other when we are in trouble. 2.一_（能）you play the guitar? -Yes,I can 6 初一下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.He(不可能)be at school now.He’s in the hospital, 4.You (finish your homework before watching TV. 5.She_(come to the party tonight,but I'm not sure. 6.They_(不得不leave early because the train was at6:00a.m. 7._(可以)I borrow your pen?Mine is broken. 8.The baby is crying.She()be hungry. 9.You_(不必)buy me a gift..Your visit is enough, 10.I_()swim when I was seven years old. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） It was Sunday morning.Lily wanted to go to the park with her friends,but her mom said,"You 1( 须)finish cleaning your room first.”Lily was unhappy,.but she knew she2_(应该☒listen to her mom. After cleaning,she called her friend Lucy."3_()we meet at the park gate at 2 p.m.?"Lily asked. Lucy said,.“I'm not sure.My dad4_(可能)take me to visit my grandparents.I5_(不得不)check with him first.” At 1:30 p.m.,Lucy called back,"Sorry,Lily.I6()go to the park today.My grandparents are com- ing to our house.”Lily was sad,but she thought,.“I7_(不必)be disappointed.I can read a book instead.” When she opened her book,the phone rang again.It was Lucy!"Lily,my grandparents called.They 8 (可能不)come today.SoI9_(能)go to the park with you now！”Lily was excited.They met at the park and had a great time.Lily thought,“Everything 10_(应该)work out in the end!” 参考答案 演练-：1.A2.C3.A4.B5.C6.A7B8.A9B10B 演练二：1.should2.Can3.can't4,must5.may/might6.had to7.May8.must9.needn't/don't have to 10.could 演练三：1.must2.should3May4.may/might5.have to6.cant7.needn't8.may not/might not9.can 10.should 7