一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（人教版）

初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】一般过去时的被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三人教版中，一般过去时的被动语态是重点语法点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在核 心题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题、书面表达（重要考察点，影响句子表 达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，一般过去时的被动语态的结构和用法辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词在被动结构中的辅助功能与辨析 ·时态与语态：一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构（主语+was/wer+过去分词+其他），主动语态与 被动语态的转换，以及在具体语境中的正确匹配与运用 。非谓语动词：todo、dong、do在含被动意义的固定搭配中的使用，以及在被动语境下作宾语、宾 语补足语、定语等的句法功能 知识点一：一般过去时的被动语态 1.基本结构（主语+be动词过去式+动词过去分词+其他） 1.肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+(by+动作执行者) 例句：(I)The letter was written by Tom yesterday..(信昨天被汤姆写了。) (2)These books were bought last week.(这些书上周被买了。) 2.否定句（在be动词后加not) 结构：主语+was/were+not+过去分词+(by叶动作执行者) 例句：(I)The window wasn't broken by him.(窗户不是被他打破的。) (2)The flowers weren't watered yesterday.(这些花昨天没被浇水。) 3.疑问句(be动词提前至句首) 结构：Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by+动作执行者)？ 例句：(1)Was the room cleaned this morning?(房间今天早上被打扫了吗？) (2)Were the children taken to the park by their parents?(孩子们被父母带去公园了吗？) 1 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.特殊用法(by+动作执行者的省略) 当动作执行者不明确或不重要时，可省略by叶动作执行者， 例句：(I)Many trees were planted last spring.(去年春天种了很多树。) (2)This song was sung everywhere in the1990s.(这首歌在20世纪90年代到处被传唱。) 知识点二：一般过去时的被动语态专项解析 1.核心定义与用法 1.定义：表示过去某个时间里主语被施加的动作，强调动作的承受者而非执行者 2.语境特征：常与明确过去时间状语搭配，描述已完成的被动动作 2.构成要素 1.时态助动词：was(主语为单数/不可数名词时)/were(主语为复数时) 2.行为动词：必须使用过去分词形式（规则动词+d/不规则动词特殊变化） 3.基本结构：承受者主语+was/were+过去分词+(by执行者) 3.时间标志词体系 1.典型时间状语：yesterday morning(昨天上午)、last weekend(上周末)、in2018(在2018年)、two hours ago(两小时前)、the day before yesterday(前天) 2.语境提示词：previously(先前)、formerly(从前)、at that time(在那时) 4.句式转换规则 1.肯定句：The letter was written by Tom yesterday.(这封信昨天由汤姆所写) 2.否定句：直接在was/were后加not→The letter wasn't written by Tom yesterday. 3.一般疑问句：将was/were提至句首→Was the letter written by Tom yesterday? 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+过去分词Who was the letter written by yesterday2 5.不规则动词过去分词速记 l.常见易错词：see→seen(The thief was seen by a policeman.) 2.特殊变化类：break-→broken(The window was broken by the wind.) 3.同形变化类：cut→cut(The cake was cut by my mother..) 6.主谓一致重点 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 1.单复数匹配：These books were donated to the library last month.(主语复数用were) 2.不可数名词：The milk was drunk by the cat just now.（不可数名词用was) 3.集体名词：The team was praised by the coach after the match.(强调整体用was) 7.与主动语态转换对比 1.主动句：Mary bought a new bike last week. 2.被动句：A new bike was bought by Mary last week. 3.转换要点：原宾语变主语，原主语变by宾语，动词由过去式变为过去分词 8.中考常见考点 1.时间状语搭配：常考'in+过去年份”与'three days ago”的正确使用 2.语境应用：在新闻报道和历史事件描述中的高频出现 3.综合运用：常与宾语从句结合考查→Ie said the project was completed on time. 知识点三：一般过去时的被动语态 1.基本结构 1.肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词过去分词 →例句：The letter was written by Tom yesterday.(这封信昨天由汤姆写的。) 2.否定句：主语+was/were+not+及物动词过去分词 →例句：The window wasn't broken by the boy.(窗户不是那个男孩打破的。) 3.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词过去分词？ →例句：Were the apples picked by farmers last week?(苹果上周是农民摘的吗？) 2.主谓一致规则（中考必背） 1.主语为单数(I/He/She/It/可数名词单数/不可数名词)一用was →例句：The book was bought in2020.(这本书是2020年买的。) 2.主语为复数(We/You/They/可数名词复数)→用were →例句：The trees were planted last spring.(这些树是去年春天种的。) 3.特殊句式转换（中考易错） 1.主动句变被动句：将主动句宾语变为主语，谓语动词改为"was/were+过去分词”，原主语前加by(可 省略) →主动句：Tom cleaned the room yesterday.(汤姆昨天打扫了房间。) 一被动句：The room was cleaned by Tom yesterday..(房间昨天被汤姆打扫了。) 3 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.含情态动词的被动句（初中拓展）：主语+could/should/might+be+过去分词 →例句：The work should be finished on time.(这项工作应该按时完成。) 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动”was/were'; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been”; 将来被动wibe”,最后加上一个done。 考法精析 考法一：一般过去时被动语态结构辨析 核心：根据动作发生在过去的语境，识别并运用一般过去时被动语态的肯定句、否定句及疑问句结 构 真题1（语法填空）： The letter_(write)by Tom yesterday. 答案：was written 解析：由时间标志词'yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，主语The letter''为单数，be动词用was,write 的过去分词为written。 真题2（单项选择)： -the room this morning? A.Was cleaned B.Were cleaned C.Did clean D.Does clean 答案：A 解析：由时间标志词'this morning'”可知动作发生在过去，主语'the room'”为单数，一般过去时被动 语态疑问句结构为Was+主语+过去分词，clean的过去分词为cleaned。 考法二：被动语态时态转换 核心：根据时间标志词或语境提示，识别动作发生的时间，选择对应的被动语态时态结构 真题1（语法填空）： A new library_(build)in our school last year.Now it has over 10,000 books. 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词'last year”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态：主语为单数，be 动词用was,build的过去分词为built。. 4 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单项选择)： These robots_in factories all over the world every day. A.are used B.were used C.will be used D.have been used 答案：A 解析：由时间标志词'every day'可知，动作经常性发生，用一般现在时被动语态；主语复数，be动 词用are,use的过去分词为used。 考法三：一般过去时被动语态的综合转换与特殊句式应用 核心：结合时间状语判断时态，掌握主动被动转换规则，运用特殊疑问句及动词短语的被动结构 真题1（单项选择）： A new bridge-across the river last year.Many workers_to build it. A.built;were invited B.was built;invited C.was built;were invited D.built;invited 答案：C 解析：第一空主语bridge'”是动作build'”的承受者，时间状语”last year'提示用一般过去时被动语 态，结构为was+过去分词'；第二空主语”workers”是动作'invite”的承受者，同样用一般过去时被 动语态'were+过去分词”，故选C。 真题2（句型转换）： They showed the visitors around the museum yesterday.(改为被动语态) The visitors_-around the museum by them yesterday. 答案：were shown 解析：原主动句宾语the visitors”变被动句主语，原谓语动词”showed”变为过去分词”shown'”,时间 状语"'yesterday'提示用一般过去时被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were,故填were shown。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.The old photosby my father last weekend. A.was taken B.were taken C.took D.take 2.the homework_yesterday evening? A.Was finished B.Were finished C.Did finish D.Does finish 3.These books_in 2010 and now they are popular. A.are published B.were published C.will be published D.have been published 4.The meeting-because the manager was ill. A.isn't held B.wasn't held C.won't be held D.hasn't been held 5.Many treeson the hill last spring. A.planted B.are planted C.were planted D.will be planted 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 6.Howthe problem_by the teacher yesterday? A.was solved B.were solved C.did solve D.does solve 7.The children_to the zoo by their parents last Sunday. A.take B.took C.are taken D.were taken 8.This song-everywhere in the 1980s. A.sings B.sang C.was sung D.is sung 9.When-the new hospital_in your city? A.was built B.were built C.did build D.does build 10.The broken window_by Tom this morning. A.isn't repaired B.wasn't repaired C.won't be repaired D.hasn't been repaired 演练二：填空试题 1.The letter-(write)by Lucy an hour ago. 2.These cars_(produce)in Germany last year. 3.The room_(not clean)yesterday because I was busy. 4.the flowers_(water)this morning? 5.A new park_(build)near our school in 2023 6.The story_(tell)by my grandmother when I was young. 7.The door(open)by Jim just now. 8.Many birds_(see)in the forest last weekend. 9.The computer_(not use)yesterday afternoon 10.-the cake_(make)by your mother yesterday? 演练三：语法填空试题 Last month,a small village in Yunnan-(visit)by a group of students.They wanted to learn about local culture.On the first day,the old temple in the village_(show)to them by a local guide.The temple_ (build)in the Ming Dynasty and still looks beautiful.In the afternoon,traditional paper-cutting-(teach) to the students by an old artist.They-(give)some red paper and scissors,and everyone tried to make a paper flower. On the second day,a special meal-(cook)by the villagers.The food_(prepare)with fresh vegetables from their gardens.After lunch,the students(invite)to join a dance party.The music-(play)on traditional instruments,and everyone(enjoy)the happy time together. 6 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3B4.B5.C6.A7D8.C9.A10B 演练二：l.was written2.were produced3.wasn't cleaned4.Were watered5.was built 6.was told 7.was opened 8.were seen 9.wasn't used 10.Was made 演练三：1.was visited2.was shown3.was built4.was taught5.were given 6.was cooked 7.was prepared 8.were invited 9.was played 10.enjoyed 7