动词时态和被动语态总复习-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（人教版）

初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 中考必考 动词时态和被动语态总复习 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三人教版中，动词时态和被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所 有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响 句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。动词时态辨析：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时的 基本结构、时间标志词与语境匹配 。被动语态应用：不同时态下被动语态的构成（一般现在时am/is/are+done、一般过去时was/were+done 等)，主动语态与被动语态的转换规则 ·语境综合运用：结合具体情境判断时态与语态的正确使用，区分主动与被动的语义差异 知识点一：动词时态和被动语态总复习 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） ·结构：主语+动词原形动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） 。例句： 1.I get up at6:30 every morning.(经常性动作) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理) 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态） ·结构：主语+动词过去式 ·例句： l.She visited the Great Wall last summer..(过去动作) 2.He was born in2008.(过去状态) 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） 1 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 ·结构：wil+动词原形/be going to+-动词原形 ·例句： 1.I will go to Beijing tomorrow.(will结构) 2.It is going to rain soon.(be going to结构) 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） 。结构：am/is/are+动词现在分词 ●例句：They are playing basketball on the playground now. 5.现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去一直持续到现在的动作） ●结构：have/has+动词过去分词 ●例句： l.I have finished my homework.(对现在的影响) 2.He has lived here for five years.(持续到现在的动作) 6.被动语态（表示主语是动作的承受者） ·结构：am/is/are/was/were+动词过去分词 ●例句 1.The classroom is cleaned every day.(一般现在时被动语态) 2.This book was written by Lu Xun.(一般过去时被动语态) 知识点二：时态与被动语态的易错点与难点 1.时态标志词的混淆辨析 1.易混淆时间词对比 ·for+时间段（用于现在完成时/过去完成时)：He has studied here for3 years.(现在完成时，持续 到现在) ·since+时间点（用于现在完成时）：She has taught here since20l8.(现在完成时，从过去持续到 现在) ·ago(用于一般过去时)：They met two years ago.(一般过去时，单纯过去时间) 。in+时间段（用于一般将来时）：We will leave in 10 mninutes.(一般将来时，未来时间) 2.特殊标志词的时态匹配 ●recently/lately（最近)：通常用于现在完成时，如I have seen her recently. ·this morning/afternoon（今天上午/下午)：若说话时仍在当天，可用于现在完成时：若已过当天， 用一般过去时。例：I have finished my work this morning.(说话时仍为上午)/I finished my work this morning.(说话时为下午或晚上) 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 2.被动语态的特殊结构与注意事项 1.不及物动词无被动语态 ·常见不及物动词：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、come(来)、go(去)等。 ·错误例句：The accident was happened yesterday.(正确：The accident happened yesterday..) 2.主动表被动的特殊情况 。感官动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel)+形容词：The flower smells sweet.(不用被动) ·系动词(be,get,become)+过去分词表状态：The door is closed.(表状态，非动作被动) ·need/want/require+doing(主动表被动，相当于to be done):The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned 3.双宾语被动语态的转换 ·间接宾语作主语：He gave me a book.→I was given a book by him. 。直接宾语作主语：He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.(注意加to) 3.时态的综合运用与区分 1.一般过去时vs现在完成时 ·一般过去时：强调过去某时发生的动作，与现在无关。例：Imether in2020.(仅说明过去事实) 。现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在。例：I have met her before.(现在知道她 是谁) 2.过去进行时vs一般过去时 ·过去进行时：强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作。例：I was reading when the doorbell rang.(门铃 响时正在读书) 。一般过去时：强调过去发生的短暂动作。例：The doorbell rang while I was reading.(门铃响是短 暂动作) 3.现在完成时Vs过去完成时 。现在完成时：过去动作持续到现在或对现在有影响，以现在为参照。例：I have lived here for5 years.(到现在住了5年) 。过去完成时：过去某个动作之前发生的动作，以过去为参照。例：I had livedhere for5 years before I moved to Beijing.(搬去北京前住了5年，'搬'是过去动作) 知识点三：被动语态的构成与用法 1.一般现在时的被动语态 3 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 ·结构：am/is/are+过去分词 。中考必背例句： l.English is spoken by many people around the world.（英语被全世界很多人说。) 2.The classroom is cleaned by students every day..(教室每天被学生打扫。) 3.This book is written by a famous writer.(这本书是一位著名作家写的。) 2.一般过去时的被动语态 ·结构：was/were+过去分词 ·中考必背例句： l.The letter was sent yesterday.(这封信是昨天寄出的。) 2.They were invited to the party last week.(他们上周被邀请参加派对。) 3.The bridge was built in2010.(这座桥建于2010年。) 3.一般将来时的被动语态 ·结构：will be+过去分词/an/is/are going to be+过去分词 ·中考必背例句： 1.A new hospital will be built next year..(明年将建一座新医院。) 2.The problem is going to be solved soon.(这个问题很快会被解决。) 3.More trees will be planted in the park.(公园里将种更多的树。) 4.情态动词的被动语态 ·结构：情态动词+be+过去分词 。中考必背例句： l.This work must be finished today.(这项工作今天必须完成。) 2.The book can be found in the library.(这本书可以在图书馆找到。) 3.Children should be taught to respect others.(应该教孩子们尊重他人。) 5.被动语态的特殊考点（中考易错） ·主动语态变被动语态（人称代词变化）→例句：主动：He bought a book.→被动：A book was bought by him. ·不及物动词无被动语态（如happen,.appear)一例句：An accident happened yesterday.(昨天发生 了一场事故。) ·感官动词的被动语态（主动do变被动todo)→例句：主动：We saw him enter the room.一被 动：Ie was seen to enter the room. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本结构识别 4 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 核心：根据主动语态句子，判断正确的被动语态结构，重点识别b动词形式和过去分词变化 真题1（语法填空）： These letters_(write)by my brother yesterday. 答案：were written 解析：由时间标志词'yesterday”可知用一般过去时被动语态，主语letters为复数，be动词用were, wite的过去分词为written。. 真题2（单项选择）： English-by many people around the world. A.is speaking B.is spoken C.speaks D.spoke 答案：B 解析：描述客观事实用一般现在时被动语态，结构为”am/is/are+过去分词”，主语English为单数 be动词用is,speak的过去分词为spoken。 考法二：主动被动转换 核心：根据语境判断动作的主动/被动关系，将主动句转换为被动句或选择正确的被动语态形式 真题1（句型转换）： 主动句：People speak English in many countries. 被动句：English一一in many countries. 答案：is spoken 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，被动转换需保持时态一致，主语English为单数，be动词用is, speak的过去分词为spoken。 真题2（单项选择)： A new hospitalin our city last year A.builds B.built C.was built D.will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'last year”可知用一般过去时，主语hospital与build为被动关系，一般过去时 被动语态结构为”was/were+过去分词'，主语单数，故选C。 考法三：时态与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，正确使用不同时态的被动语态结构，区分主动与被动的语境差异 真题1（单项选择）： The new library_since last October.It's the biggest one in our city now. A.built B.was built C.has been built D.will be built 答案：C 解析：根据时间标志词”since last October”（自从去年十月)可知需用现在完成时；主语”the new library”是动作build'的承受者，应用被动语态，现在完成时被动语态结构为has been+过去分词”， build的过去分词为built。. 真题2（语法填空）： 5 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 These photos_(take)by my father when we visited the Great Wall last summer. 答案：were taken 解析：主语these photos”是动作'take”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词'last summer”可知用 一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词用were,take的过去分词为taken。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓'，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were”; 进行被动要用being"”,完成被动have/has/had been”; 将来被动"will be'”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.This storyby my grandmother when I was young. A.tells B.is told C.was told D.will be told 2.Many trees_in our school every spring. A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.were planted 3.The meeting-at 3 p.m.tomorrow.Don't be late. A.will hold B.is held C.will be held D.holds 4.English-as a second language in many countries. A.speaks B.is spoken C.spoke D.was spoken 5.The problem-by the teacher now. A.discusses B.is discussing C.is being discussed D.discussed 6.These books_to the library next Monday. A.must return B.must be returned C.returned D.are returning 7.By the time we arrived,the partyalready A.has;started B.had;been started C.will;start D.was;starting 8.The old bridge in 1980.It still looks strong. A.built B.was built C.is built D.will be built 9.Your homework_before you watch TV. A.must finish B.should be finished C.can finish D.will finish 6 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 10.A new park_in our neighborhood now.It will open soon. A.is building B.was built C.is being built D.will build 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The classroom_(clean)by students every day. 2.This song(write)by a famous singer last year. 3.The letter_(send)to my parents tomorrow. 4.The baby_(look)after well by her aunt now. 5.All the tickets(sell)out before the concert started. 6.The problem-(can solve)with your help. 7.These photos_(take)by my brother when we traveled to Beijing. 8.The rules_(must obey)by everyone in the school. 9.A new hospital(build)in our city next year. 10.The lost keys_(find)under the sofa an hour ago. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last month,our school held a"Green Earth"activity.The goal was to teach students how to protect the environment. On the first day,a speech contest_(hold)in the hall.Many students shared their ideas about saving energy.The best speeches-(choose)to be posted on the school website. On the second day,we planted trees in the park near our school.All the trees_(water)carefully by us every afternoon.Now they(grow)well. On the third day,an old man told us about his experience.He said that many rivers_(pollute)seriously in the past,but now people-(try)their best to clean them."A clean river(see)as a treasure,"he said. At the end of the activity,a competition_(organize)to collect waste paper.Our class_(win)the first prize because we collected the most.Our teacher told us,"Environment protection_(must start)with small actions.” 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.C6B7.B8B9B10.C 1.is cleaned 2.was written 3.will be sent 4.is being looked 5.had been sold 6.can be solved 7.were taken 8.must be obeyed 9.will be built 10.were found 7 初三全一册人教版 【语法总复习】 动词时态与被动语态 1.was held 2.were chosen 3.were watered 4.are growing 5.had been polluted 6.are trying 7.is seen 8.was organized 9.was won 10.must be started P