动词的时态及被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（人教版）

初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 中考重点 【专题】动词的时态及被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三人教版中，动词的时态及被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷 所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影 响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·时态基本结构：一般现在时（主语+动词原形三单）、一般过去时（主语+动词过去式）、一般将 来时(will/shall+-动词原形：be going to+动词原形)、现在完成时(have/has+动词过去分词)的构 成规则 。时态语境匹配：根据时间状语（如often,yesterday,tomorrow,since2020)及上下文语境判断时态 。被动语态转换：不同时态的被动结构（一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词：一般过去时：was/were+ 过去分词：一般将来时：will be+-过去分词：现在完成时：have/has been+-过去分词)及主动句变被 动句的步骤 知识点一：动词的时态及被动语态 1.一般现在时 ·结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式 ·用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理 。例句：(1)I get up at6:00 every morning.(2)The earth goes around the sun. 。被动语态：主语+an/is/are+过去分词例句：English is spoken by many people. 2.一般过去时 ·结构：主语+动词过去式 。用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 。例句：(I)She went to Beijing last summer.(2)They were happy yesterday 初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 ·被动语态：主语+was/were+过去分词例句：The bridge was built in20l0. 3.一般将来时 ·结构：主语+will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形 ·用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 ·例句：(I)I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.(2)It is going to rain soon. ●被动语态：主语+will be+过去分词例句：A new hospital will be built next year 4.现在进行时 ·结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 ·用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 。例句：(I)They are playing basketball now.(2)She is reading a book ·被动语态：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词例句：The house is being built. 5.过去进行时 ·结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 ·用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 ●例句：(I)I was watching TV at8:00 last night.(2)They were playing football when I arrived. ·被动语态：主语+was/were+being+过去分词例句：The letter was being written at that time 6.现在完成时 。结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 ·用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过去一直持续到现在 ●例句：(I)I have finished my homework.(2)He has lived here for 10 years. ·被动语态：主语+have/has+been+过去分词例句：The work has been finished. 7.过去完成时 。结构：主语+had+动词过去分词 。用法：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作 ●例句：(I)He had left before I arrived.(2)They had finished the work by yesterday 。被动语态：主语+had+been+过去分词例句：The meal had been cooked when we got home. 8.被动语态的基本结构 ·一般结构：主语+be+过去分词(be动词根据时态变化) ·用法：强调动作的承受者或不知道动作的执行者 ·例句：(I)The book was written by Lu Xun..(2)The classroom is cleaned every day. 2 初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 知识点二：常见时态与被动语态易错点及特殊用法 1.主动表被动的特殊情况 。感官动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel)主动形式表被动意义 ●例句：(I)The flower smells sweet..(2)This shirt feels soft ·不及物动词(happen,take place,.appear,disappear)无被动语态 。例句：(I)The accident happened yesterday.(2)Great changes have taken place in our city. 2.时态的混合运用（主将从现) 。条件状语从句(if,unless)中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 .:(1)If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(2)You will fail the exam unless you study hard. 。时间状语从句(whe,until,as soon as)中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 .(1)I will call you when I arrive in Beijing.(2)He won't go to bed until his mother comes back. 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ·现在完成时强调对现在的影响（常与already,yet,since,for连用） 。例句：I have lost my key.Ican't open the door now. ·一般过去时仅表示过去动作，与现在无关（常与具体过去时间词连用） 。例句：I lost my key yesterday. 4.被动语态的特殊结构 ·带双宾语的被动语态（间接宾语作主语时，保留直接宾语：直接宾语作主语时，间接宾语前加 to/for) ·例句：(I)He gave me a book.一I was given a book by him.(2)He gave me a book.一A book was given to me by him ·带复合宾语的被动语态（宾语补足语变为主语补足语，感官动词/使役动词后不定式o要还原） ·例句：(I)We saw him enter the room.→He was seen to enter the room by us.(2)The teacher made her clean the classroom.-She was made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 5.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 ·过去进行时强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作（常与at8o'clock yesterday等具体时间点连用） ●例句：She was cooking dinner at7p.m.last night.. 。一般过去时强调过去发生并结束的动作（常与yesterday,.last week等时间词连用） ◆例句：She cooked dinner last night 知识点三：被动语态的构成及用法 3 初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态 。结构：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 ·中考必背例句：(I)English is spoken by many people around the world.(2)The classroom is cleaned every day.(3)These books are written for children. 2.一般过去时的被动语态 ●结构：主语+was/were+过去分词 ·中考必背例句：(I)The letter was written by my brother yesterday.(2)The house was built in2000 (3)They were invited to the party last night. 3.一般将来时的被动语态 ·结构：主语+will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 。中考必背例句：(I)A new hospital will be built next year.(2)The problem is going to be solved soon. (3)The meeting will be held in the hall. 4.情态动词的被动语态 。结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+过去分词 。中考易错点：(I)This work must be finished today..→不能漏'写be动词(2)The room should be kept clean.→情态动词后用动词原形be(3)These books can be borrowed from the library.→过去分词 与主语保持逻辑被动关系 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 固定搭配要牢记，todo/doing分清晰； enjoy后接doing,It's adj to do是真理； 使役动词变被动，o字千万别忘记： 主动语态原形跟，被动还原todo式： 非谓用法多积累，结合语境辨差异。 考法精析 考法一：被动语态转换 核心：根据主动语态句子，结合时态要求，转换为被动语态 真题1（句型转换)： People speak English in many countries..(改为被动语态) English_in many countries. 答案：is spoken 初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，主语English是动作承受者，被动语态结构为“am/is/ae+过去 分词”，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is,speak的过去分词为spoken。 真题2（语法填空)： The workers will build a new bridge over the river next year.(改为被动语态) A new bridgeover the river next year. 答案：will be built 解析：原句为一般将来时主动语态，被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。. 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 核心：根据时间标志词或语境判断时态，同时确定动作的承受者，使用正确的被动语态结构 真题1（语法填空)： A new library_(build)in our school last year.It's very beautiful now. 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词“last year”可知用一般过去时：主语“library”是动作“build”的承受者，被 动语态结构为“was/were+-过去分词”，主语为单数，故用was built。 真题2（单项选择)： Many trees-in our city every spring. A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.will be planted 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“every spring”可知用一般现在时；主语“trees'”是动作“plant”的承受者，被 动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语为复数，故用are planted。 考法三：时态、被动语态与非谓语动词的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断时态与语态，同时正确使用非谓语动词形式(todo/doing/do) 真题1（单项选择）： The teacher told us that the meetingbecause of the heavy rain.We neededthe notice on the wall. A.cancels;to see B.canceled;seeing C.was canceled;to see D.will be canceled;see 答案：C 解析：第一空“meeting”是“cancel”的承受者，用被动语态，由“told”可知时态为一般过去时， 被动结构为“was canceled”;第二空“need to do”表示“需要做某事”，为固定搭配，用“to see”。 真题2（语法填空)： My mother often asks me_(help)her with housework.Last Sunday,when I got home,dinner_(cook) by my father and he let me_(eat)first. 答案：to help:was being cooked;eat 解析：第一空“ask sb.todo”为固定搭配，填“to help”;第二空“dinner”是“cook”的承受者，由 初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 “when I got home”可知动作正在进行，用过去进行时被动语态“was being cooked”:第三空“1 let sb. do”为固定搭配，填动词原形“eat”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My mother often dinner for my family after work. A.cook B.cooks C.cooked D.will cook 2.A new park_in our neighborhood next year. A.builds B.built C.will be built D.is building 3.Listen!Someone_in the next room A.sing B.sings C.is singing D.sang 4.He in this city since he was born. A.lives B.lived C.will live D.has lived 5.The letter-by my brother when I arrived home yesterday. A.writes B.was written C.is writing D.was being written 6.My father advised memore exercise to keep healthy. A.take B.to take C.taking D.took 7.We enjoy-movies together on weekends. A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watched 8.It's too cold outside.You'd betterwarm clothes. A.wear B.to wear C.wearing D.wore 9.Many trees_in the park every spring. A.plant B.are planted C.will plant D.were planted 10.The old photos made me_of my childhood. A.think B.to think C.thinking D.thought 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She usually_(go)to school by bike every morning 2.This story_(tell)many times in our class last week. 3.They_(play)basketball on the playground now. 4.We_(finish)our homework already. 5.A new hospital (build)in our city next month. 6.My teacher often tells us_(study)hard. 6 初三下册人教版 【语法专版】 动词时态与被动语态 7.He is interested in_(read)science books. 8.It's important(learn)a foreign language well. 9.The room_(clean)by my sister every day. 10.When I arrived,the party_(begin)already. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I decided_(visit)the History Museum with my friends.We(meet)at the school gate at 9:00 a.m.When we arrived,many people_(wait)outside.The museum_(build)in 1950 and it_ (keep)many old artifacts. Inside,we saw a lot of interesting things.I was surprised that some ancient tools-(use)by people 5,000 yearsago.Aguide toldus that a special exhibition-(hold)next month.We all looked forward to(see)it. At noon,we felt hungry and went to a restaurant nearby.The food there(cook)by a famous chef,and it tasted delicious.Before leaving,I bought a postcard.It(print)with a picture of the museum. This trip was really great!I hope(visit)the museum again soon. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.D5.D6.B7.C8.A9B10.A 1.goes 2.was told 3.are playing 4.have finished 5.will be built 6.to study 7.reading 8.to learn 9.is cleaned 10.had begun 1.to visit 2.met 3.were waiting 4.was built 5.keeps 6.were used 7.will be held 8.seeing 9.was cooked 10.to visit 7