what 等疑问词引导的宾语从句-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（人教版）

初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】what等疑问词引导的宾语从句 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三人教版中，what等疑问词引导的宾语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考 察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，疑问词的选择及从句的语序往往是解 题关键。 考查内容 。引导词选用：what,which,who,whom,whose,.when,where,why,how等疑问词的具体含义与适用语 境辨析 ·语序规则：从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），避免疑问句语序的错误使用 ·时态呼应：主句为一般现在时/将来时，从句根据实际情况用相应时态：主句为一般过去时，从句通 常用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时） 知识点一：what等疑问词引导的宾语从句 1.基本结构（主句+连接词+陈述句语序） ·连接代词：what(什么)、wich(哪一个)、who(谁)、whom(谁，宾格)、whose(谁的)→ 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 ·连接副词：when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何)→在从句中作状语 。例句：(1)Idon't know what he wants.(what作wnts的宾语，从句用陈述句语序he wants)(2) She asked where you lived.(where作lived的状语，从句用陈述句语序you lived) 2.时态规则（主从复合句时态一致) 。主句为一般现在时/一般将来时，从句根据实际情况用任意时态→例句：He says(hat)he will visit Beijing next week.(主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时) 。主句为一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完 成时)→例句：She asked what he was doing at that time.(主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时) 1 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 。例外：从句表示客观真理/事实时，用一般现在时→例句：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun..(客观真理，从句用一般现在时) 3.特殊用法（疑问词本身作从句主语） 。当疑问词在从句中作主语时，从句直接用“疑问词+谓语+其他”结构（无需改变语序）→例 句：I want to know who helped you yesterday..(who在从句中作主语，从句语序为who helped you) ·常见疑间词：what,who,which→例句：Can you tell me what made him so ang'y?(what作从句主 语，从句语序为what made him) 4.常见错误与纠正（语序错误） 。错误：He asked where did she go.(误用疑问句语序did she go) ●正确：Ie asked where she went.(改为陈述句语序she went) 知识点二：what等疑问词引导的宾语从句 1.基本结构 。主句+疑问词(what/who/which/where/when/why/how)+陈述语序（主语+谓语+其他） 。注意：疑问词在从句中可作主语、宾语、状语等成分，需根据句意选择合适疑问词 2.语序规则 。无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序（即“疑问词+主语+谓语”结构，而 非疑问句中的“疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语”) ·例句： 1.Idon't know what he is doing.(正确：what+主语he+谓语is doing) 2.Could you tell me where the post office is?（正确：where+主语the post office+谓语is) 。错误示例：Idon't know what is he doing.(误将从句用疑问句语序) 3.时态变化 ·主句为一般现在时/一般将来时，从句根据实际情况用任意时态 ●例句： l.She always asks me what I did last weekend.(主句一般现在时asks,从句一般过去时did,描 述过去动作) 2.I will tell you how we can solve this problem tomorrow.(主句一般将来时will tell,.从句一般现 在时can solve,描述客观能力) ·主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态（一般过去时/过去进行时过去将来时/过去完成时） 。例句： l.He asked me where I lived.(主句一般过去时asked,从句一般过去时lived) 2 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.My mother wondered what I was reading at that time.(主句一般过去时wondered,.从句过去进 行时was reading) 。从句描述客观真理事实时，无论主句时态如何，从句均用一般现在时 。例句：The teacher told us why the earth goes around the sun.(从句“地球绕太阳转”是客观真理， 用一般现在时goes,不受主句一般过去时told影响) 4.连接词用法 。what:在从句中作主语/宾语/表语，意为“什么：所…的事物” ·例句： 1.Do you know what caused the accident?(what作主语，意为“什么"”) 2.She can't remember what she bought yesterday.(what作宾语，意为“所买的东西”) ·who/whom:指人，who可作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语（口语中可用who代替whom) ●例句： 1.I want to know who helped you with your homework..(who作主语，指人) 2.The police asked me whom I saw at the scene.(whom作宾语，指人，可换为who) ●where/when/why/how:分别在从句中作地点/时间/原因/方式状语 。例句： l.Please explain where you found this key.(where作地点状语) 2.He didn't tell me when he would leave for Beijing..(when作时间状语) 3.I finally understood why she refused the invitation.(why作原因状语) 4.Can you show me how I should use this machine??(how作方式状语) 5.特殊情况：whether/if与疑问词的区别 。宾语从句表“是否”时用whether/if,而非疑问词：表“什么/哪里/如何”等具体内容时用what/where/.how 等疑问词 。例句对比： 1.I'm not sure if he will come.(if表“是否”，从句意为“他是否会来”) 2.I'm not sure what he will bring.(what表“什么”，从句意为“他会带来什么”) 知识点三：what等疑问词引导的宾语从句 1.基本结构与连接词（中考必背） ·疑问代词引导：what(什么)、which(哪一个)、who(谁)、whom(谁，宾格)、whose(谁的) ·→例句：Idon't know what he wants.(我不知道他想要什么。) ·→例句：She asked which book is mine..(她问哪本书是我的。) ·疑问副词引导：when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何) 3 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 ·→例句：Can you tell me where the library is?(你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗？) 。→例句：He explained why he was late.(他解释了他为什么迟到。) 2.语序规则（中考核心) 。陈述语序：从句用“连接词+主语+谓语”结构，避免疑问句语序 。口正确：She wants to know how he solved the problem.(她想知道他如何解决了这个问题。) ●☐错误：She wants to know how did he solve the problem. 。特殊情况：当连接词在从句中作主语时，语序不变 ·→例句：Do you know who broke the window?(你知道谁打破了窗户吗？) 3.时态呼应（中考易错） ·主句为现在时将来时，从句根据实际情况用任意时态 ●→例句：I think(仙hat)he will come tomorrow.(我认为他明天会来。) 。→例句：She asks what you did last night..（她间你昨晚做了什么。) ·主句为过去时，从句用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等） ·→例句：He said(hat)he was reading a novel then.(他说他当时正在读一本小说。) 。→例句：They didn't know if she had left.(他们不知道她是否已经离开了。) 4.特殊用法（中考拓展） 。省略连接词that:当从句为陈述句时，that可省略（但正式文体中建议保留） ·→例句：Ibelieve(hat)honesty is the best policy.(我相信诚实是最好的策略。) ·与动词不定式转换：部分疑问词(what,how,where等)可引导“疑问词+todo”结构，相当于 省略了主语的宾语从句 。→例句：He taught me how to use the computer.(他教我如何使用电脑。)=He taught me how I should use the computer. 解题小妙招 语序判断妙招 疑问词后陈述句，主语在前谓语跟： 疑问词作主语时，语序无需再调整。 成分判断妙招 连接代词主宾表，连接副词状（语）先来： 缺主宾用代词(what/who/which),缺状语副词(where/when/.why/how)排。 时态匹配妙招 主句过去从过（去）时，客观真理一般（现在）在： 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 主句现在任意时，时间标志定未来。 综合应用妙招 先看语序主谓序，再判时态标志清： 成分分析是关键，代副选用要分明。 考法精析 考法一：语序判断 核心：识别宾语从句中疑问词后的语序是否正确（陈述句语序，疑问词作主语时除外） 真题1（单句改错)： He asked where did she go yesterday. 答案：将did she go改为she went 解析：宾语从句需用陈述句语序，原句误用疑问句语序did she go,应改为she went。 真题2（单项选择)： Could you tell me_made him late this morning? A.why was he B.what he was C.what was he D.what made him 答案：D 解析：ht在从句中作主语，从句直接用“疑问词+谓语+其他”结构，无需改变语序，D选项 what made him符合语法规则。 考法二：疑问词宾语从句的语序与成分判断 核心：根据疑问词在从句中的句法成分（主语/宾语状语），确定是否需要调整语序并选择正确凝问词 真题1（语法填空)： I want to know _broke the window yesterday.(who/whom) 答案：who 解析：疑问词在从句中作主语，需用主格形式wo,从句语序为”疑问词+谓语+其他”，无需改 变语序。 真题2（完形填空）： She asked me I bought for my mother's birthday. A.what B.where C.when D.how 答案：A 解析：从句中缺少bought的宾语，需用连接代词what作宾语：where/when/how为连接副词，只能 作状语，不符合句法要求。 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 考法三：疑问词引导的宾语从句综合运用 核心：结合疑问词功能（如what作主语/宾语、where作状语）、陈述句语序及主从时态一致原则， 判断从句结构正确性 真题1（单项选择)： Could you please tell me-made the old man so angry yesterday? A.what B.what did C.how D.how did 答案：A 解析：从句中缺少主语，需用疑问词wht(作主语)，且从句用陈述句语序“疑问词+谓语+其 他”，无需助动词did,故正确选项为A。 真题2（语法填空）： My mother asked me where I_(put)her glasses an hour ago.I really couldn't remember. 答案：put 解析：主句“asked”为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态；“put”的过去式与原形同形，且从句 用陈述句语序，故填put。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Could you tell methe nearest post office is? A.what B.where C.when D.how 2.He asked me_I bought for my brother's birthday. A.what B.where C.when D.how 3.Do you know _will come to the party tomorrow? A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 4.The teacher told us that the earth_around the sun A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 5.She wondered_he was late for school again. A.what B.where C.why D.how 6.I want to know_the meeting will start. A.when will B.when C.when does D.when did 7.Could you explain-you solved this math problem? A.what B.how C.where D.when 8.He asked me_I lived last year. A.where B.what C.who D.whom 6 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 9.Do you remember_told you the news? A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 10.My mother asked me_I had finished my homework. A.if B.what C.when D.which 演练二：填空试题（共10题) 1.Please tell me_(what/who)broke the window yesterday. 2.She wants to know(when/where)the train will arrive. 3.I don't understand(why/how)he refused the invitation 4.Could you show me(how/what)to use this machine? 5.They asked_(which/who)team won the game. 6.Do you know _(what/where)she bought this book? 7.He wondered_(whose/whom)pen this was. 8.The teacher explained(why/how)the answer was correct 9.I can't remember(when/what)I met him for the first time. 10.She asked me_(what/who)my favorite singer was. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Dear Tom, I'm writing to ask you some questions about your trip to Shanghai.First,could you tell me_(1)you arrived there?I want to know the exact time so I can plan to meet you.Second,I wonder_(2)you visited the Bund.Many people say it's the most beautiful place in Shanghai.Third,please explain_(3)you liked the food there.I heard the local snacks are very delicious. Also,do you know_(4)the weather was like during your stay?My mom wants to know_(5)to pack for our trip next month.Finally,could you tell me_(6)you bought for your family?I need to buy some gifts too! By the way,my teacher told us-(7)the Huangpu River is important to Shanghai.Could you share(8) you felt when you saw it?I'm really curious! Please reply soon.I'm looking forward to hearing_(9)you will come back.If you know _(10)you'll be free next weekend,let's meet! Best wishes. Li Ming 7 初三全一册人教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.A4.B5.C6B7B8.A9.A10.C 演练二：1.who2.when3.why4.how5.which6.where7.whose8.why9.when 10.what 演练三：1.when2.if/whether3.why4.what5.what6.what7.that8.how9.when 10.when P