that who which 引导的定语从句-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（人教版）

初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】 语法专项突破 专项突破 【专题】that/who/which引导的定语从句 定语从句专项突破 考频分析 初三人教版中，hat/who/which引导的定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷核心题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直 接影响句子结构与信息完整性)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词的指代对象及从句成分分析往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系代词辨析：ht(指人/物)、wh0(指人)、which(指物)的指代对象与适用场景 ·句法功能：在从句中作主语、宾语的基本用法，及宾语省略的条件 。特殊规则：只能用that的情况（如先行词为不定代词、最高级等）与只能用which/who的情况（如 非限制性定语从句) 知识点一：that/who/which引导的定语从句 1.定义及作用（修饰名词或代词，补充说明其特征或信息) ·被修饰词：先行词（人/物/事） ·连接词：that/who/which(代替先行词，在从句中作成分) ●例句：(I)This is the book that I bought yesterday.(先行词the book为物，that作宾语)(2)The girl who is singing is my sister.(先行词the girl为人，who作主语) 2.关系代词的基本用法 。who(指人，在从句中作主语/宾语)：He is the boy who helped me.(作主语)/The man who you met is my uncle..（作宾语，可省略) ●which(指物，在从句中作主语/宾语)：This is the pen which I lost.(作宾语，可省略)/The story which tells about friendship is popular..(作主语) 初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】 语法专项突破 。that(指人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语，用法较广泛)：She is the student that won the prize.(指人，作 主语)I like the movie that we watched last night..(指物，作宾语) 3.关系代词的选择要点 ·指人时：可用who或that（作主语用who/that;作宾语用who//that/whom,口语中可省略) ·指物时：可用which或that(作主语用which/that:作宾语用which/that,可省略) ·避免重复：先行词为人+物时，只能用that→例句：I can see a man and a dog that are walking in the park. 知识点二：that/who/which引导的定语从句 1.基本定义 修饰名词或代词的从句，作定语，紧跟被修饰词（先行词）后，补充说明其特征、身份或所属等 信息。 2.关系代词的基本功能 在从句中代替先行词，同时充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。 3.that的用法：可指人也可指物 1.指人时：可与wh0互换，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。 ·例句：(I)The girl that/who is singing is my sister..(指人，作主语，不可省略)(2)This is the teacher that/who we met yesterday..(指人，作宾语，可省略为This is the teacher we met yesterday.) 2.指物时：可与which互换，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。 。例句：(I)The book that/which lies on the desk is mine.(指物，作主语，不可省略)(2)I lost the pen that/which my father gave me.(指物，作宾语，可省略为I lost the pen my father gave me.) 4.who的用法：仅指人 在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，口语中常用whom代替，但whom作宾语时也可省略)。 ·例句：(I)The man who is talking to my mother is our neighbor..(指人，作主语，不可省略)(2)Do you know the girl who/whom we helped this morning??(指人，作宾语，可省略为Do you know the girl we helped this morning?) 5.which的用法：仅指物 在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。 ·例句：(I)The factory which produces cars is very big.(指物，作主语，不可省略)(2)This is the story which I told you last week.（指物，作宾语，可省略为This is the story I told you last week.) 初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】 语法专项突破 6.关系代词的省略规则 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略（无论是hat,who,which)。 。例句对比：(I)完整：The film which we saw last night was great.(2)省略：The film we saw last night was great..(which作宾语，省略)(3)完整：He is the boy who I met at the party.口省略：He is the boy I met at the party..(who作宾语，省略) 7.注意事项 1.当先行词是不定代词（如all,something,nothing,.everything等）或被最高级、序数词修饰时，通常 用that而不用which/.who。 ·例句：(l)Everything that he said is true..(先行词是不定代词everything,用that)(2)This is the best book that I have ever read.(先行词被最高级best修饰，用that) 2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略，且从句谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致。 ·例句：(I)The students who are in Class One are playing football.（先行词students是复数，从句谓 语用are)(2)The student who is in Class One is playing football.（先行词student是单数，从句谓 语用is) 知识点三：that/who/which引导的定语从句 1.关系代词的基本用法（中考核心） 。hat:指代人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略)→例句：This is the book that I bought yesterday.(指代物，作宾语，可省略)/The girl that is standing there is my sister.(指代人，作主语， 不可省略) 。who:指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）→例句：The man who helped me is a doctor. (作主语)/Do you know the boy who we met at the park?(作宾语，可省略) 。which:指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）→例句：The bike which is red belongs to Tom.(作主语)/This is the bag which my mother gave me.(作宾语，可省略) 2.关系代词的特殊用法（中考易错) ·只用that不用which的情况：先行词被序数词、最高级或the only,the very修饰时→例句：This is the first book that I read in English./He is the best student that our school has ever had 。只用who不用hat的情况：先行词为指人的不定代词（如anyone,,someone)或先行词本身是those 时→例句：Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished./Those who work hard will succeed 。关系代词作宾语时的省略：当关系代词在从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语（介词位于句末）时可省略 The film (that/which)we saw last night was very interesting.This is the house (that/which)he lived in last year. 初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】 语法专项突破 3.定语从句的基本结构（中考必背） 结构：先行词+关系代词+从句（主语+谓语+其他）→例句：She is the girl who speaks English fluently.(先行词the girl,.关系代词who作从句主语)/I like the song(that/which)you are singing.（先行 词the song,关系代词that/which作从句宾语，可省略) 考法精析 考法一：关系代词that/who/which的选择与省略 核心：根据先行词的类型（人物/人+物）及在从句中的成分（主语/宾语)，选择正确的关系代词， 并判断是否可省略 真题1（语法填空）： The girl is standing at the door is my best friend. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词the girl指人，在从句中作主语，可用who或that 真题2（完形填空）： This is the storymy mother told me last night. A.who B.which C.what D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词the story指物，在从句中作told的宾语，可用which或that,选项中无that,故选择 B:宾语可省略，但此处需填关系代词，故不选省略形式 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的混合辨析 核心：根据先行词类型及关系词在从句中的语法功能（作主语/宾语/状语），区分使用关系代词 (that/who/which)或关系副词(where/when/why) 真题1（语法填空）： I still remember the day_we first met in the park. 答案：when 解析：先行词the day表时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语("we first met'”主谓结构完整，缺状 语)，故用when(=on which)。 真题2（单项选择）： This is the factoryproduces the new type of cars. A.where B.which C.when D.why 答案：B 解析：先行词the factory表物，关系词在从句中作主语("produces the new type of cars”缺主语)，需 用关系代词which./hat,选项中只有B符合。 4 初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】 语法专项突破 考法三：关系代词与关系副词的综合运用及特殊规则辨析 核心：结合先行词类型（人/物/时间/地点/原因）及从句成分（主语/宾语/状语），正确选择关系代 词(that/who./which)或关系副词(where/when/why),并掌握只能用that的特殊情况。 真题1（单项选择)： The girl is standing under the tree is my cousin.She likes the school_she studies now because it has a big playground. A.who;where B.which;that C.that;which D.whom;when 答案：A 解析：第一空先行词'the girl”指人，在从句中作主语，用who/that:第二空先行词'the school'”指地 点，在从句中作地点状语(studies后不缺宾语)，用where。 真题2（语法填空）： This is the most interesting storyI have ever read.My father told me a lot of stories about the time_ he worked in the factory. 答案：that:when 解析：第一空先行词”stoy”被最高级”most interesting”修饰，只能用that:第二空先行词'the time'” 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when。 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 先行词，辨人或物：关系词，成分来定： 人作主语用who,物作主语wich: 宾语关系可省略，that通用人或物： 若遇时间和地点，成分分析是关键： 状语就用wlen/where,.主语宾语that/which: 关系代词that/who/which,关系副词where/when/.why: 主谓完整缺状语，副词where/when/.why: 主谓残缺少主宾，代词hat/who/.which。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.This is the girlhelped me with my homework. A.which B.who C.whose D.where 5 初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】语法专项突破 2.I like the bookmy father bought for me. A.who B.where C.which D.what 3.The first thingI want to do is to visit my grandparents. A.which B.that C.who D.what 4.This is the factory_my brother works. A.where B.which C.who D.when 5.He is the only student_can solve this problem. A.which B.who C.whom D.what 6.I still remember the daywe went to the Great Wall. A.which B.when C.where D.why 7.The reason_he was late is that he missed the bus. A.which B.that C.why D.when 8.All_we need is more time. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 9.There is a boy-wants to talk to you. A.which B.who C.whom D.what 10.The house-windows are red is mine. A.which B.who C.whose D.that 演练二：填空试题 1.The man_is standing there is my uncle. 2.This is the penI lost yesterday. 3.She is the girl_I met at the party. 4.The book_cover is blue is very interesting. 5.I will never forget the day_I joined the army. 6.This is the schoolI studied ten years ago. 7.The reasonhe didn't come is not clear. 6 初三全一册人教版 【定语从句全解】 语法专项突破 8.Everything_he said is true. 9.The girl withI went shopping is my sister. 10.This is the best film_I have ever seen. 演练三：语法填空试题 I live in a small town-is surrounded by mountains.There is a park in the town-many people like to go for a walk.Last year,I met a girlname is Lucy in the park.She is the first friendI made in this town. We often talk about the things and peoplewe saw in the park.Lucy told me the story-happened to her when she was young.There was a time_she was very lonely.Then she came to this town,-changed her life.The reason-she likes this town is that people here are very kind.I think the townI live is a wonderful place. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.A5.B6B7.C8B9.B10.C 1.who/that 2.which/that 3.who/whom/that 4.whose 5.when 6.where 7.why/that 8.that 9.whom 10.that 1.which/that 2.where 3.whose 4.that 5.that 6.which/that 7.when 8.which 9.why/that 10.where 7