by 动名词的用法-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（人教版）

初三全一册人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】by+动名词的用法 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三人教版中，by+动名词是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题 型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子结构与 逻辑表达。在语境理解类题目中，by+动名词表方式手段的用法及与其他介词结构的辨析往往是解 题关键。 考查内容 ·功能辨析：介词by后接动名词作方式状语、手段状语的核心功能：与by后接名词/代词的用法差异 ·动名词形式：规则动词与不规则动词变动名词的拼写规则（如去e加-ig、双写末尾辅音字母等） 。语境应用：交通方式(by walking)、通讯方式(by calling)、抽象手段(by working hard)等场景中 的固定搭配与语义匹配 知识点一：by+动名词的用法 1.基本结构与含义 1.结构：by+动词-ing形式（动名词） 2.含义：表示“通过/凭借某种方式、手段或方法”，强调动作的方式或途径 3.例句： 。We learn English by reading aloud.(通过大声朗读学英语) 。He improved his writing by keeping a diary.(通过写日记提高写作) 2.常见用法场景 1.表示“通过做某事达到目标”：She passed the exam by studying hard.(通过努力学习通过考试) 2.表示“借助某种工具/活动”：I usually relax by listening to music.(通过听音乐放松) 1 初三全一册人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.注意：by后接动名词时，动名词前不加冠词或代词（如my/your) 。错误：by the reading→正确：by reading 3.与“by+名词”的区别 1.by+名词（如交通工具、工具）：by bus(乘公交)、by pen(用钢笔) 2.by+动名词（强调动作过程）：by taking a bus(通过乘坐公交的方式) 3.例句对比： ·I go to school by bike.(名词，表交通工具) ·I exercise by riding a bike.(动名词，表动作方式) 4.否定形式 1.在动名词前加not:by not doing sth. 2.例句：You can avoid mistakes by not rushing.（通过不慌张避免错误) 知识点二：by+动名词的用法 1.基本含义 表示“通过…方式/手段”，强调动作的方式或途径，后接动词的-g形式（动名词）。 2.核心结构 by+动名词(doing) 例句： (I)We learn English by reading aloud.(我们通过大声朗读学习英语。) (2)He improved his writing by keeping a diary.(他通过写日记提高写作水平。) 3.高频考点 1.与“by+名词”的区别：by+名词（如by bus,,by phone)强调工具或媒介，by+动名词强调具体动 作。 例句： -I go to school by bike.(by+名词，强调交通工具) -I go to school by riding a bike.(by+动名词，强调“骑”的动作) 2.否定形式：by not+动名词 例句：You can avoid mistakes by not being careless..(你可以通过不粗心来避免错误。) 4.中考常见搭配 by doing sth.常与“improve,leam,practice,succeed,,achieve'”等动词搭配，考查对动作方式的表达。 例句：She succeeded by working hard.(她通过努力工作获得了成功。) 2 初三全一册人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：by+动名词的用法 1.表示“通过某种方式/手段”（中考必背) 1.by doing sth.(通过做某事)→例句：We learn English by listening to tapes. 2.by+具体方式名词（通过…工具/途径）→例句：He goes to school by bike.(注：by后接交通工 具名词时不加冠词) 3.by oneself(独自地)→例句：She finished the work by herself. 2.表示“在…旁边/附近”（介词基本含义，中考基础) l.by the window（在窗户旁边)→例句：There is a desk by the window.. 2.by the river（在河边)→例句：They often have a picnic by the river. 3.常见固定搭配与句式（中考易错） 1.by doing so(通过这样做)→例句：By doing so,you can improve your English quickly. 2.make a living by doing(通过做某事谋生)→例句：His father makes a living by driving a taxi,. 3.learn.by doing(通过做某事学习…)→例句：We learn to swim by practicing every day.. 解题小妙招 by表方式要牢记，名词动名辨清晰： 交通工具用名词，动作过程动名跟： 否定直接加not,not doing放by后； 疑问结构看时态，助动提前谓语跟： by+doing表手段，with工具for目的： how提问方式答，by doing直接用： by后动名是核心，掌握结构解题准。 考法精析 考法一：by+动名词的基本用法辨析 核心：根据语境判断是否使用“by+动名词”结构表达方式，区分与“by+名词”的用法差异 真题1（语法填空）： We usually relax(listen)to music after school. 答案：by listening 初三全一册人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：句意为“我们通常放学后通过听音乐放松”，表示“通过某种方式”用“by+动名词”，listen 的动名词形式为listening。 真题2（单项选择）： He goes to workbike every day.But yesterday he exercisedriding a bike for an hour. A.by,by B.by;with C.with;by D.with;with 答案：A 解析：第一空“by bike”表示交通工具，用“by+名词”；第二空“通过骑自行车的方式锻炼”强 调动作过程，用“by+动名词”，故选A。 考法二：否定与疑问结构综合运用 核心：掌握by+动名词的否定形式(by not doing)及在疑问句中的正确结构（特殊疑问句与一般 疑问句) 真题1（语法填空）： We can protect the earth by_(not use)disposable chopsticks. 答案：not using 解析：by后接动名词的否定形式时，需用“by+not+动名词”结构，use的动名词为using,故填 not using。 真题2（单项选择)： -they improve their listening skills by listening to English songs? A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Will 答案：A 解析：句中“improve”为原形，且无明显过去或将来时间标志，应用一般现在时的一般疑问句结构 “助动词Do+主语+谓语+by+动名词”，主语they为复数，助动词用Do。 考法三：by+动名词与被动语态、否定形式的综合应用 核心：结合被动语态的语境，正确使用by+动名词”结构表达动作方式，掌握否定形式by not doing"” 及与被动语态的搭配 真题1（单项选择）： The room_clean by not leaving rubbish everywhere. A.keeps B.is kept C.kept D.was keeping 答案：B 解析：主语”he room”是动作keep”的承受者，需用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词”；此处陈述 客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用is,keep的过去分词为kept;'by not leaving..”表示通过不留下”，符合否定形式用法。 真题2（语法填空)： Many problems-(solve)by working together and not giving up easily. 答案：are solved 解析：主语”many problems”是动作”solve'”的承受者，用被动语态；此处表一般情况，用一般现在 4 初三全一册人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 时被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are,solve的过去分词为solved:by working.…and not giving.” 体现通过做.和不做…”的并列结构，符合by+动名词”的用法。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.We learn new wordsreading English stories every day. ABy B With C For D On 2.She improved her writing skills keeping a diary. A in B by C with D for 3.How do you usually relaxlistening to music? A do B does C did D will 4.They protect the environment-not using plastic bottles. A by B with C for D from 5.-he pass the exam by studying hard last month? A Do B Does C Did D Will 6.We can avoid mistakes being careful. A with B by C for D through 7.It is-practicing every day that we improve our skills. A by B with C from D in 8.What do you learnwatching educational videos? A by B with C for D through 9.She goes to schoolbike,but exercises riding a bike. A by;by B with;by C by;with D with;with 10.The problem was solvedusing a new method. A in B by C with D for 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.You can improve pronunciation by_(read)aloud every morning. 2.We save money by_(not buy)unnecessary things. 3.How do you learn English grammar by_(do)exercises? 4.They keep healthy by_(exercise)regularly. 5.The room was cleaned by_(sweep)the floor 6.We protect animals by_(not kill)them. 初三全一册人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 7.She passed the test by(study)all night. 8.Do you learn history by_(watch)documentaries? 9.He avoids accidents by(drive)carefully. 10.It is by_(practice)that we make progress. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Students can improve their English in many ways.For example,some learn vocabulary by-(1.memorize) 10 words daily.Others practice listening by_(2.watch)English movies.To improve speaking,many students talk with friends by(3.use)English.Some even learn writing by(4.keep)a diary. It's important to avoid mistakes.You can do this by(5.not rush)when doing homework.Teachers often say,"It is by(6.practice)that you master skills." How do students learn grammar?Most do it by_(7.do)exercises.They also ask,"Can we learn grammar by_(8.read)books?"The answer is yes. For environmental protection,students help by_(9.recycle)paper and by-(10.not use)plastic bags. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.A8.A9.A10.B 1.reading 2.not buying 3.doing 4.exercising 5.sweeping 6.not killing 7.studying 8.watching 9.driving 10.practicing 1.memorizing 2.watching 3.using 4.keeping 5.not rushing 6.practicing 7.doing 8reading 9.re- cycling 10.not using 6