Unit 5 Say It without Words 基本句型结构-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（教科版五四制）

初中教科版（五四制） 【语法精讲】 Unit 5 Say It without Words 核心语法 【专题】基本句型结构 Unit 5 Say It without Words 考频分析 教科版（五四制）7下中，基本句型结构是基础语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷 核心基础题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察直接影响 句子结构完整性与准确性。在基础语法应用类题目中，基本句型的成分划分及语序排列往往是解题 关键。 知识点一：情态动词 1.情态动词表示推测和请求许可 1.情态动词表示推测（对现在/过去情况的可能性判断） 。对现在情况的推测： 1.ust（肯定推测，“一定”，用于肯定句) 结构：主语+must+动词原形 例句：He must be at home now.(他现在一定在家。) 2.may/might(可能推测，“也许/何能”，may可能性高于might,用于肯定句/否定句，might更 委婉) 结构：主语+may/might+动词原形 例句：(I)she may come to the party tonight.(她今晚可能来派对。)(2)This might not be the right answer.(这可能不是正确答案。) 3.cant(否定推测，“不可能”，用于否定句) 结构：主语+can't+动词原形 例句：They can't be in the classroom.(他们不可能在教室。) 。对过去情况的推测： 1.must have done(肯定推测，“一定做了”) 结构：主语+must have+动词过去分词 例句：He must have finished the work yesterday..(他昨天一定完成了工作。) 2.may/might have done(可能推测，“也许/可能做了") 结构：主语+may/might have+动词过去分词 例句：She may have seen the movie before.(她以前可能看过这部电影。) 初中教科版（五四制） 【语法精讲】Unit5 Say It without Words 3.can't have done(否定推测，“不可能做了”) 结构：主语+can't have+动词过去分词 例句：They can't have arrived so early.(他们不可能到得这么早。) 2.情态动词表示请求与许可 ·can/could(请求许可，could更委婉，用于非正式场合) 请求：Can/Could I borrow your pen?(我能借你的笔吗？) 许可：Yes,you can../No,you can't.(可以。/不可以。) 。may/might(请求许可，may较正式，might更委婉) 请求：May I come in?(我可以进来吗？) 许可：Yes,you may../No,you may not.(可以。/不可以。) ·must/have to（必须，must强调主观义务，have to强调客观需要) must例句：We must follow the school rules.(我们必须遵守校规。) have to例句：I have to go to the doctor today..(我今天不得不去看医生。) 否定：nustn't（禁止)You mustn't smoke here..(你禁止在这里吸烟。) don't have to(不必)You don't have to wait for me.(你不必等我。) 2.情态动词基本用法 1.基本用法及含义（中考核心） ·can（能/会/可以)→例句：She can speak three languages. 。may(可能/可以)→例句：May I borrow your pen? ●must（必须/一定)→例句：You must finish your homework first ·should(应该)→例句：We should help each other. ●will(将要/愿意)→例句：I will visit my uncle next week ·would(将会/愿意)→例句：Would you like some coffee? ·need(需要)→例句：You needn't come so early. 2.否定形式（中考必背) ·can't(不能/不可能)→例句：He can't swim across the river. ●mustn't(禁止)→例句：You mustn't park here. ●shouldn't(不应该)→例句：We shouldn't waste water. ·needn't(不必)→例句：You needn't buy me a gift. 3.一般疑问句及回答（中考常考） 。Can.?→肯定：Yes,.can.否定：No,can't. 例句：一Can you play chess??-Yes,Ican.No,Ican't. 。Mlst?→肯定：Yes,nust.否定：No,needn't.No,.don't have to. 例句：一Must I hand in the report today?-Yes,you must.No,you needn't. 初中教科版（五四制） 【语法精讲】 Unit 5 Say It without Words 。May?→肯定：Yes,.may.否定：No,.can'tNo,.mustn't. 例句：一May I open the window?-Yes,you may./No,you can't. 4.情态动词表推测（中考易错) 。must(肯定推测，用于肯定句)→例句：He must be at home now. 。may/might(可能性推测，用于肯定句/否定句)→例句：She may not come today ·cam't(否定推测，用于否定句)→例句：It can't be true.. 考法精析 考法一：情态动词辨析 核心：根据语境判断情态动词表能力、许可、义务、推测等不同含义，选择正确情态动词及否定形 式 真题1（语法填空）： You_be quiet in the library.Everyone is reading. 答案：must 解析：由语境“图书馆里每个人都在看书”可知，此处表义务“必须保持安静”，用ust。 真题2（单项选择）： -I borrow your dictionary? -Sure,here you are. A can B must C should D can't 答案：A 解析：由答语“Sure,here you are.”可知，问句表请求许可“我能借你的字典吗”，用can。 考法二：非谓语动词辨析 核心：根据动词固定搭配，判断使用动词不定式(todo)还是动名词(doing) 真题1（语法填空）： She plans_(visit)her grandparents next weekend. 答案：to visit 解析：plan后接动词不定式，构成固定搭配plan to do sth.(计划做某事)。 真题2（单项选择)： My brother enjoys-basketball with his friends after school. A play B plays Cplaying D to play 答案：C 解析：enjoy后接动名词，构成固定搭配enjoy doing sth.(享受做某事)，play的动名词为playing。 考法三：祈使句辨析 3 初中教科版（五四制） 【语法精讲】 Unit 5 Say It without Words 核心：根据语境判断肯定或否定祈使句，掌握动词原形开头及Do't+动词原形的基本结构 真题1（语法填空）： -(open)the door,please.It's hot in the room. 答案：Open 解析：由语境“房间里很热”及please可知，此处为肯定祈使句，用动词原形开头。 真题2（单项选择）： -talk loudly in the hospital.The patients need rest. A Not B Don't C No D Doesn't 答案：B 解析：由语境“病人需要休息”可知，此处为否定祈使句，用Do't+动词原形开头。 考法四：情态动词与祈使句结合应用 核心：根据语境区分情态动词表建议/义务与祈使句表命令请求的用法，选择正确句式 真题1（单项选择)： -quiet in the library.You_talk loudly here. A.Be;mustn't B.Don't be;can C.Being;should D.To be;may 答案：A 解析：第一空为肯定祈使句，用动词原形B开头表请求：第二空根据”图书馆”语境需表禁止，用 mustn't(禁止)符合句意。 真题2（句子改写)： You should finish your homework first.(改为祈使句) _your homework first. 答案：Finish your 解析：将情态动词should表建议的句子改为祈使句，直接用动词原形Finish开头，保留宾语your homework。 考法五：情态动词推测/请求与祈使句的综合应用 核心：结合语境区分情态动词表推测（现在过去）、请求许可的用法，识别并运用祈使句的肯定/否 定形式 真题1（单项选择)： -I use your dictionary?I need to look up a word. -Sorry,you.It's broken.Andtouch it,please! A.May,must't,Don’t B.Could;can't;Don't C.Must;needn't;No D.Might;couldn't;Not 4 初中教科版（五四制）》 【语法精讲】 Unit 5 Say It without Words 答案：B 解析：第一空表请求许可，Could I.”语气委婉，符合语境：第二空拒绝许可用can't”:第三空为 否定祈使句，用Don't+动词原形表禁止，故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： The light is on in his room.He_(study)now.Please_(not make)noise. 答案：must be studying;don't make 解析：第一句根据”灯亮着”推测现在正在进行的动作，用”ust be+现在分词？表肯定推测：第二 句为否定祈使句，用Don't+动词原形”，故填don't make。 解题小妙招 情态动词妙招 情态动词辨含义，能力许可义务猜： 表义务用must,请求许可can来帮； 否定禁止mustn't,根据语境定答案。 非谓语动词妙招 非谓形式有两类，to do doing要记牢； 固定搭配是关键，plan后接todo跑不掉： enjoy喜欢doing sth,牢记搭配错不了。 祈使句妙招 祈使句表命令请求，动词原形开头行： 否定直接加Don't,Be quiet别忘记； 改写祈使很简单，去掉情态用原形。 综合应用妙招 情态非谓祈使合，分步分析不用愁： 先看祈使动原形，Be动词开头常出现： 非谓搭配要记清，avoid doing forget to do: 情态义务或推测，must should来判断。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.You follow the traffic rules when crossing the street. A can B must C may D might 2.-_I use your pen？ 初中教科版（五四制）》 【语法精讲】Unit5 Say It without Words -Sure,here you are. A Must B Should C Can D Will 3.She enjoys-stories to her little sister before bedtime. A tell B tells C telling D to tell 4.My mother often tells me_too much time playing computer games. A not to spend B not spend C to not spend D don't spend 5.-the lights when you leave the room.It saves energy. A Turn off B Turning off C To turn off D Don't turn off 6.Don't_in the river.It's dangerous. A swim B swimming C to swim D swims 7.You _be late for the exam.It starts at 9:00 sharp. A needn't B mustn't C shouldn't D can't 8.He is good at_pictures and wants_an artist. A draw;to be B drawing;being C drawing;to be D draw;being 9.careful!The floor is wet. A Be B Being C To be D Don't be 10.You should avoid_noise in the hospital. A make B making C to make D made 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.-(be)quiet in the library,please. 2.They plan_(visit)the Great Wall next summer. 3.Don't-(eat)in class.It's against the rules. 4.My father likes-(read)newspapers after breakfast 5.You_(must)wash your hands before meals.It's good for health. 6.(listen)to the teacher carefully during the lesson 7.She needs_(finish)her homework before watching TV. 8.He enjoys-(play)basketball with his friends on weekends. 9.(not run)in the hallway.You may fall down. 10.We should(help)each other when someone is in trouble. 演练三：语法填空（共10空) 6 初中教科版（五四制）》 【语法精讲】 Unit 5 Say It without Words It's important to have good habits.Here are some tips for you: 1.(get)up early every morning.It helps you start the day with energy. 2.Remember(brush)your teeth twice a day to keep them healthy. 3.You mustn't-(stay)up late playing phone games.It's bad for your eyes. 4.Enjoy_(read)books in your free time.Books open up a new world for you. 5.(drink)enough water every day.Your body needs it. 6.You should-(exercise)for at least 30 minutes a day.It makes you strong. 7.Avoid(eat)too much junk food.It can make you overweight. 8.Don't_(forget)to say "thank you"when someone helps you. 9.If you want_(learn)English well,practice(speak)it every day. 10.Finally,always_(be)kind to others.Kindness makes the world warmer. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.A5.A6.A7B8.C9.A10B 演练二：1.Be2.to visit3.eat4.reading5.must6.Listen7.to finish8 playing9.Don'tunl0.help 1.Get 2.to brush 3.stay 4.reading 5.Drink 6.exercise 7.eating 8.forget 9.to learn;speaking 10.be 7