情态动词can may must-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解(沪教牛津版)

2026-02-09
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教牛津版(广州深圳沈阳通用)(2012)七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 -
类型 学案
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 PDF
文件大小 136 KB
发布时间 2026-02-09
更新时间 2026-02-09
作者 北京菁榕教育咨询有限公司
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-02-09
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来源 学科网

内容正文:

初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】情态动词can,may,must 情态动词专项突破 考频分析 沪教牛津版初一下中,情态动词can,may,must是基础语法模块,考频占词法总量的l5%左右,主 要分布在试卷核心题型:单项选择2-3题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达(基础考 察,影响句子语气与得体性)。在语境理解类题目中,情态动词的许可、能力及推测用法往往是解 题关键。 考查内容 。基础含义辨析:can表能力或许可、may表允许或推测、must表必须或肯定推测的语义区分 。否定形式与疑问用法:can't(不可能/不许)、may not(不允许)、mustn't(禁止)的否定意义,以 及一般疑问句的回答规则(如Must.?否定回答用needn't) 。语境应用场景:在请求许可(Can/May I.?)、表达义务(You must..)、推测可能性(He may be.) 等实际情境中的准确选择 知识点 知识点一:情态动词can,may,must的用法 1.can(能/会/可以,表能力或许可) 。表能力(有能力做某事):She can speak English well..(她英语说得很好。) ●表许可(允许做某事,口语中常用):Can I use your pen?(我能用你的钢笔吗?) 2.my(可以/可能,表许可或推测) 。表许可(正式场合的允许):You may leave the room now.(你现在可以离开房间了。) 。表推测(可能性较低):It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。) 3.must(必须/一定,表义务或肯定推测) ·表义务(必须做某事,强调主观要求):We must follow the school rules.(我们必须遵守校规。) 1 初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 。表推测(肯定的判断):He must be at home..(他一定在家。) 知识点二:情态动词can、may、must的用法 1.can(能/会,允许,可能性) ·基本含义及用法 1.表示能力(能/会做某事),否定式can't(不能) 2.表示允许(口语中,相当于may),否定式can’t(不允许) 3.表示可能性(常用于否定句/疑问句,肯定句中表理论可能性) 。结构 1.肯定句:主语+can+动词原形 2.否定句:主语+can’t+动词原形 3.疑问句:Can+主语+动词原形? ·例句 1.能力:She can speak English well.(她英语说得好。) 2.允许:Can I borrow your pen?(我能借你的笔吗?) 3.否定允许:You can’t park here..(你不能在这儿停车。) 4.可能性:It can’t be true.(这不可能是真的。) 2.may(可以,可能) 。基本含义及用法 1.表示允许(正式/礼貌,比can更正式),否定式may not(不可以) 2.表示可能性(常用于肯定句/否定句,可能性比can大) 3.固定搭配:MayI..?(我可以…吗?)用于请求许可,肯定回答Yes,you may../Yes,please. 否定▣答No,you may not./No,you can't. 。结构 1.肯定句:主语+may+动词原形 2.否定句:主语+may not+动词原形 3.疑问句:May+主语+动词原形? ·例句 1.允许:You may leave now.(你现在可以离开了。) 2.请求许可:May I come in?(我可以进来吗?) 3.可能性:It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。) 3.must(必须,一定) ·基本含义及用法 1.表示义务/命令(必须做某事),否定式must’t(禁止,不许) 初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 2.表示肯定推测(一定,用于肯定句,语气强烈) 3.注意:must提问时,否定回答用neen't(不必)或don't have to(不必),不用mustn't 。结构 1.肯定句:主语+mut+动词原形 2.否定句:主语+mustn’t+动词原形 3.疑问句:M1st+主语+动词原形? ·例句 1.义务:You must wear a seatbelt when driving.(开车时必须系安全带。) 2.禁止:You mustn't play with fire.(不许玩火。) 3.推测:He must be at home.(他一定在家。) 4.疑问句及回答:Must I finish it today?(我必须今天完成吗?)一No,you needn’t.(不,不 必。) 知识点三:情态动词can,may,must 1.can 。基本用法(核心语法): 1.表示能力(能/会做某事)→例句:She can speak English fluently 2.表示许可(可以做某事,口语中常用)→例句:Can I borrow your pen? 3.表示请求(委婉请求允许)→例句:Can you help me carry the box? 4.表示可能性(常用于否定句/疑问句)→例句:It can’t be true. 。否定式与疑问式: 1.否定式:can’t(不能/不可以)→例句:You can’t park here 2.疑问式:Can+主语+动词原形?→例句:Can he swim across the river? 2.may ·基本用法(核心语法): 1.表示许可(正式/礼貌请求允许,比can更正式)→例句:May I come in? 2.表示可能性(也许/何能,常用于肯定句)→例句:It may rain tomorrow. 3.表示祝愿(用于句首)→例句:May you have a good trip! 。否定式与凝问式: 1.否定式:may not(不可以/可能不)一→例句:You may not leave the room. 2.疑问式:May+主语+动词原形?→例句:May we start the meeting now? 3.must ·基本用法(核心语法): 1.表示必须(主观义务/命令,语气强)→例句:You must finish your homework first. 3 初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 2.表示肯定推测(一定/肯定,用于肯定句)→例句:He must be at home now. 3.表示禁止(nustn’t,语气强烈)→例句:You mustn't play with fire. 。否定式与疑问式: 1.否定式:mustn’t(禁止)/needn’t(不必,回答must的问句)→例句:一Must I go now? -No,you needn't. 2.疑问式:Must+主语+动词原形?→例句:Must we hand in the report today? ·易混点辨析(中考易错): 1.can vs..may(许可):Can用于口语/非正式场合,May用于正式/礼貌场合→例句:Can you pass the salt??(餐桌口语)/May I use your phone?(礼貌请求) 2.nust vs.have to(必须):Must强调主观义务,have to强调客观需要一例句:I must study hard.(主观意愿)/I have to study hard.(考试要求) 3.may not vs.can’t(否定推测):may not表“可能不”,can't表“不可能”(语气更肯定) →例句:He may not like coffee.(不确定)/He can’t like coffee..(肯定不喜欢) 考法精析 考法一:情态动词基本含义辨析 核心:根据语境判断句子表达的能力、许可、推测或义务,选择正确的情态动词ca/may/must 真题1(语法填空): -I use your dictionary?I need to look up a word. -Sure,here you are. 答案:May 解析:根据语境“请求许可”及答句“Sure”,且为正式礼貌的请求,应用may,句首首字母大写。 真题2(单项选择): You_follow the traffic rules when crossing the road.It's important for your safety. A.can B.may C.must 答案:C 解析:根据语境“遵守交通规则”是“必须”履行的义务,强调主观要求和责任感,应用ust。 考法二:情态动词can,may,must的用法辨析 核心:根据语境判断情态动词表能力、许可、推测或义务等含义,选择正确情态动词 真题1(语法填空): -I use your dictionary?I need to look up a word. -Sure,here you are. 答案:May 解析:根据语境“请求使用字典”,表许可且需礼貌表达,用My;句首首字母大写。 真题2(完形填空): Youplay football in the street.It's dangerous. 初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 A.can B.may C.must D.mustn't 答案:D 解析:由“dangerous'”可知此处表禁止,mustn't意为“禁止”,符合语境。 考法三:情态动词can、may、must的综合辨析与运用 核心:结合语境区分can(能力/许可/否定推测)、may(正式许可/可能性推测)、must(义务/肯定 推测/禁止)的用法,掌握三者的否定形式及疑问句回答规则 真题1(单项选择): -I borrow your dictionary?I need to look up a word. -Sorry,you_.I'm using it now. A.May,may not B.Can;can't C.Must;needn't D.May;mustn't 答案:B 解析:第一空表请求许可,口语中can和may均可,但第二空根据“正在使用”可知是否定许可, 口语中常用can't表示“不允许”,may not语气较正式且此处语境不符,mustn't表“禁止”语气 过重,故选B。 真题2(语法填空): You(must)play football in the street.It's dangerous.And you(can)go to the playground instead. 答案:mustn’tcan 解析:第一空根据“危险”可知是禁止在街上踢足球,用ust’t表“禁止”;第二空表“可以”去 操场,用can表许可,符合语境。 解题小妙招 情态动词妙招 情态动词辨含义,能力许可义务推: can表能力或口语许,may为正式许可或推测: must义务肯定推测强,否定禁止mustn't: 请求许可may更礼貌,否定回答用can't: 语境分析是关键,结合含义选答案。 真题演练 演练一:单项选择试题 1.You follow the school rules.It's important for everyone. A.can B.may C.must 2.-I use your phone?I need to call my mom. -Sure,here you are. 初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 A.Must B.May C.Can't 3.It rain this afternoon,so you should take an umbrella. A.can B.may C.must 4.Youpark your car here.It's a no-parking area. A.can't B.may not C.must 5.一_she speak French? -Yes,she lived in France for three years. A.Can B.May C.Must 6.Hebe at home now.His bike is still in the yard. A.can B.may C.must 7.-May I leave the classroom early? -No,you_The class isn't over yet. A.can't B.may not C.must 8.Wefinish our homework before dinner,or we can't watch TV. A.can B.may C.must 9.This be Li Ming's book.His name is on the cover. A.can't B.may C.must 10.-Can I swim in this river? -No,you_.It's very deep and dangerous A.can't B.may not C.must 演练二:填空试题 1.You_(can/may/must))speak loudly in the library.(用否定形式填空) 2.-(Can/May/Must)I borrow your ruler? 一Yes,you一.(填肯定回答) 3.She(can/may/must)play the piano very well.She practices every day. 4.They-(can/may/must)be late for the meeting.There was a traffic jam. 5.We-(can/may/must)follow the traffic lights when crossing the road. 6.-May I eat in the classroom? 一No,you一.(填否定回答) 7.He(can/may/must)not come to the party tonight.He has to study for a test 8.(Can/May/Must)you help me carry this heavy box? 9.It_(can/may/must)snow tomorrow,but I'm not sure 10.You_(can/may/must)run in the hallway.It's against the school rules. 6 初一下沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 演练三:语法填空试题 Dear students, Welcome to our school!Here are some important rules you need to know: 1.You_(must)wear school uniforms from Monday to Friday.This helps us look tidy and united. 2.(can/may/must)you arrive at school on time?Yes,you_.Classes start at 8:00 a.m.,so please be here by 7:50 a.m. 3.You(can)talk loudly in the library.It's a quiet place for reading and studying. 4.If you want to leave school early,you(may)ask the teacher for permission first. 5.This(must)be John's bag.I saw him carrying it this morning. 6.You_(can)borrow books from the library,but you_(must)return them on time 7.It(may)rain tomorrow,so don't forget to take an umbrella. 8.You(must)not fight with your classmates.We should be friendly to each other. 9.-(Can/May/Must)I use the computer in the classroom? -No,you_.Only teachers can use it. 10.Everyone(can)join the school clubs.They are a great way to make friends! 答案区 演练-:1.C2.B3B4.A5.A6.C7.A8.C9.C10.A 1.can't/may not 2.May/Can;can/may 3.can 4.may 5.must 6.can't/mustn't 7.may 8.Can 9.may 10.mustn't 演练三:1.must2.Must;must3.cant4.must5.must6.ca;must7.may8.must9.May,can't10.can 7

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情态动词can may must-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解(沪教牛津版)
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情态动词can may must-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解(沪教牛津版)
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情态动词can may must-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解(沪教牛津版)
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