内容正文:
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
语法专版
【专题】专有名词及定冠词the
语法专项突破
考频分析
初一下沪教牛津版中,专有名词及定冠词th是基础语法模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,主要
分布在核心题型:单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题。在语境理解类题目中,专
有名词的大小写规范及定冠词the的固定搭配和使用场景往往是解题关键。
考查内容
。专有名词识别:人名、地名、机构名等专有名词的大小写规则及零冠词使用场景
。定冠词he的功能:特指某(些)人或事物、上文提及的人或事物、世界上独一无二的事物、序数
词和最高级前的使用规则
知识点一:专有名词及定冠词he的用法
1.专有名词(表示特定人、地方、机构等的名称,首字母通常大写)
1.常见类型:
。人名(Tom,Mary)
。地名(Beijing,London)
。国名(China,America)
。节日(Christmas,National Day)
。月份(January,.February)
。星期(Monday,Sunday)
2.例句:
·Tom is my best friend.(人名)
·We will go to Shanghai next week.(地名)
2.定冠词the的基本用法(特指某(些)人或某(些)事物)
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
1.表特指:
·指双方都知道的人或物
·上文提到过的人或物
。世界上独一无二的事物
·形容词最高级前
·序数词前
2.例句:
·The book on the desk is mine..(特指桌上的书)
·I have a cat.The cat is very cute.(上文提到过的猫)
·The sun is bigger than the moon.(独一无二的事物)
。She is the tallest girl in our class..(最高级前)
。He lives on the fifth floor..(序数词前)
3.定冠词the的不使用情况
1.规则:
·专有名词前(人名、地名、国名等通常不加he)
·泛指的复数名词前
·不可数名词表示泛指时
·星期、月份、季节、节日前(部分节日除外)
·三餐、球类运动前
2.例句:
。China is a great country..(国名前不加the)
·Dogs are our friends..(泛指复数名词前不加the)
·Water is important for us.(不可数名词泛指时不加the)
·We have English class on Monday.(星期前不加the)
·They often play basketball after school.(球类运动前不加the)
知识点二:专有名词及定冠词the的用法规则
1.专有名词的界定与分类
1.定义特征:表示独一无二的人、地方、机构、事物等特定名称,首字母需大写
2.核心分类:
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
·人名/头衔:Mary(玛丽)、Dr.Smith(史密斯博士)、President Xi(习主席)
·地名/国名:Beijing(北京)、France(法国)、the Great Wall(长城)、Mount Qomolangma(珠穆
朗玛峰)
·机构/报刊:UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)、China Daily(中国日报)、CCTV(中国中央电视台)
·节日/事件:National Day(国庆节)、Christmas(圣诞节)、World War IⅡ(第二次世界大战)
2.零冠词使用场景(专有名词前不加he)
1.人名称呼单独使用时:
·Obama was the44 th US president..(奥巴马曾是美国第44任总统)
·Mom,could you pass the salt?(妈妈,能递下盐吗)
2.单个国名/地名(不含普通名词构成的名称):
·Japan is in East Asia.(日本位于东亚)
●Shanghai has developed rapidly.(上海发展迅速)
3.节日/月份/星期:
·Children's Day is on June Ist..(儿童节在6月1日)
。We have math class on Monday..(我们周一有数学课)
3.定冠词the的强制使用场景
1.由普通名词构成的专有名词:
●the United States(美国)=the US
●the Summer Palace(顾和园)
·the Yangtze River(长江)
2.特指世界唯一事物:
·The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起)
·The Earth is our home..(地球是我们的家园)
3.姓氏复数表示一家人:
·The Whites will move to Canada.(怀特一家将移居加拿大)
4.方位名词/乐器名称:
●The north of China is cold in winter..(中国北方冬天很冷)
·She plays the piano every evening.(她每晚弹钢琴)
4.使用易错点对比
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
l.有无the的意义差异:
●in hospital(住院)→in the hospital(在医院里,不一定看病)
。at school(在校学习)→at the school(在学校这个地点)
2.同类专有名词对比:
·不加he:Asia(亚洲)、Europe(欧洲)(大洲名)
。必须加the:the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠)、the Pacific(太平洋)(海洋/沙漠名)
知识点三:专有名词及定冠词the
1.专有名词的定义及分类(核心概念)
1.定义:表示特定的人、地方、机构、国家、节日等独一无二的名称,首字母通常大写。
2.分类:
·人名:Tom,Mary,Confucius(f孔子)
。地名:Beijing,.the Great Wall,the Pacific Ocean
·机构/组织:the United Nations(联合国),No.1 Middle School
。节日:Christmas,National Day,the Spring Festival
2.定冠词the的基本用法(中考必背)
1.特指某(些)人或事物(上文已提及或双方已知)→例句:The book on the desk is mine.(桌上的
那本书是我的。)
2.用于世界上独一无二的事物前→例句:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
3.用于序数词、最高级前→例句:He is the first student to arrive.(他是第一个到的学生。)
4.用于乐器名称前→例句:She plays the piano very well.(她钢琴弹得很好。)
5.用于某些形容词前,表示一类人→例句:We should help the old.(我们应该帮助老人。)
3.不用定冠词the的情况(中考易错)
L.专有名词前(不含普通名词构成的专有名词)一例句:China is a great country.(中国是一个伟大的
国家。)
2.泛指的复数名词或不可数名词前→例句:Dogs are our friends.(狗是我们的朋友。)
3.学科、语言、球类运动前→例句:I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。)
4.节日、星期、月份前→例句:We have a party on New Year'sDay.(我们在元旦举办派对。)
5.三餐名称前(泛指)→例句:I have breakfast at7:00a.m.(我早上7点吃早餐。)
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
解题小妙招
专有名词定冠词妙招
专有名词看类型,普通构成要加the
单一名称不加the,城市名称是典型:
江河湖海和长城,普通名词构成记心间;
判断之时细分辨,固定搭配要记牢。
考法精析
考法一:专有名词前定冠词the的使用判断
核心:根据专有名词的类型(普通名词构成/单一名称)及固定搭配规则,判断是否需要加定冠词th
真题1(语法填空):
-Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
答案:The
解析:由普通名词构成的专有名词(Yellow River黄河)需加定冠词the,位于句首首字母大写。
真题2(单项选择):
We will visit next month.
A.the Beijing B.Beijing C.a Beijing D.Beijings
答案:B
解析:城市名称属于单一名称的专有名词,通常不加定冠词the,直接用Beijing。
考法二:专有名词与定冠词the的搭配辨析
核心:根据专有名词的类型(普通名词构成/单一专有名词)及语境,判断是否使用定冠词th
真题1(语法填空):
_Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
答案:The
解析:由普通名词构成的专有名词(Yellow River)需加定冠词the,句首首字母大写。
真题2(完形填空):
We will visitnext month.
A.the Beijing B.Beijing C.a Beijing D.Beijings
答案:B
解析:单一专有名词(城市名Beijing)前不加定冠词the,且专有名词为单数形式,故选B。
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
考法三:专有名词与定冠词the的综合应用
核心:结合语境判断专有名词前是否使用定冠词the,掌握零冠词与the的使用规则及易混场景辨
析
真题1(单项选择):
-Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in_China.
A.The;/B.A;the C./the D.The;the
答案:A
解析:第一空Great Wall'是由普通名词构成的专有名词,需加定冠词the;第二空China'”是单个
国名,属于零冠词使用场景,不加the。
真题2(语法填空):
We will have a picnic on_Sunday and visit_Summer Palace next month.
答案:;the
解析:第一空Sunday'”是星期,属于零冠词使用场景,不加the;第二空'Summer Palace'”是由普通
名词构成的专有名词,需加定冠词the。
真题演练
演练一:单项选择试题(共10题)
1.We will visit_next summer.
A.the Shanghai B.Shanghai C.a Shanghai D.Shanghais
2.Yangtze River is the longest river in China
A.A B.An C.The D./
3.My favorite subject is_
A.the math B.math C.a math D.maths
4.They often play-after school.
A.the basketball B.basketball C.a basketball D.basketballs
5.is in December
A.The Christmas B.Christmas C.A Christmas D.Christmases
6.We live on
A.the Bridge Street B.Bridge Street C.a Bridge Street D.Bridge Streets
7.-People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
A.A B.An C.The D./
8.She studies at_.
A.the No.1 Middle School B.No.1 Middle School C.a No.1 Middle School D.No.1 Middle Schools
6
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专版】A版知识点全解
9.is called the Red Planet.
A.The Mars B.Mars C.A Mars D.Marss
10.He plays-very well.
A.the piano B.piano C.a piano D.pianos
演练二:填空试题(共10题)
1.Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
2.We will visit next month.
3.is spoken by many people around the world.
4.They have English class on_
5.is the highest mountain in the world.
6.I read_every morning.
7.She was born in-.
8.is a famous park in New York.
9.is the capital of France.
10.We celebrate_in January or February.
演练三:语法填空试题(共10空)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(1)Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in the world.It is located in_(2)China and has a
history of over 2,000 years.Many people from different countries visit-(3)Great Wall every year.
Last summer,I went to_(4)Beijing with my family.We visited_(5)Tiananmen Square and_(6)
Palace Museum.On_(7)Monday,we took a train to_(8)Shanghai.Shanghai is a big city,and we
walked along(9)Nanjing Road.In the evening,we watched the lights on-(10)Huangpu River.It was
a wonderful trip!
答案区
演练-:1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B6.B7.C8.B9.B10.A
1.The 2.Beijing 3.Chinese 4.Monday 5.The Himalayas 6.National Geographic 7.Paris 8.Central
Park 9.Paris 10.Spring Festival
演练三:1.The2./3.the4./5./6.the7./8./9./10.the
>