专项复习：情态动词系统复习-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（北师大版）

9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 专项复习 【专题】情态动词系统复习 北师大版·9年级语法核心 考频分析 初三北师大版中，情态动词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题 型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子完整 性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，情态动词的语气辨析、用法区别及情景运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基础词义辨析：can/could(能力、许可)、may/might(许可、推测)、must/have to(必须、客观需 要)、should/ought to(建议、责任)的语义区分 ·推测用法层级：nust(肯定推测)、may/might(可能性推测)、can't(否定推测)在不同句式中的应 用 。情态动词+have done:对过去情况的推测(must have done)、虚拟语气(should have done)、必要 性(needn't have done)的语境判断 知识点一：情态动词的分类及基础用法 1.能力与许可类情态动词 1.常见类型：can/could(能力/许可)、may/might(许可/推测) 2.例句： ·I can speak English fluently..(can表能力) ·Could I use your pen?(could表许可，语气委婉) 。You may leave now.(may表许可) ●It might rain tomorrow.(might表推测) 2.义务与必要类情态动词 1.常见类型：must/have to(必须)、should(建议/义务) 1 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 2.例句： ●You must wear a seatbelt when driving.(must表必须) 。She has to study hard for the exam.(have to表客观需要) ·You should brush your teeth twice a day..(should表a建议) 3.情态动词的否定形式 1.常见否定：can't（不能/不可能)、mustn't（禁止)、needn't（不必) 2.例句： ●You can't park here.(can't表禁止) ·You mustn't smoke in the hospital.(mustn't表禁止) ●You needn't come early tomorrow.(needn't表不必) 4.情态动词的疑问形式 1.常见结构：情态动词+主语+动词原形 2.例句： ·Can you swim?(can引导能力疑问句) ●Must we finish the work today?(must引导义务疑间句) 。Should I call him now?(should引导建议疑问句) 知识点二：情态动词基本用法及常见搭配 l.can/could(能力、许可、可能性) 基本含义及用法 can:表示现在的能力(“能，会”)、许可(“可以”，口语中较随意)、理论上的可能性(“可能”，用 于否定句/疑问句) could:表示过去的能力、委婉请求（回答用can)、过去的许可、较小的可能性 句式结构 肯定句：主语+can/could+动词原形 否定句：主语+can’/couldn’t+动词原形 疑问句：Ca/Could+主语+动词原形？ 例句 1.He can speak three languages.(现在能力，can+speak) 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 2.Could I borrow your pen?(委婉请求，用could提问) -Yes,you can..(回答用can,不用could) 3.It can’t be true.(否定句表可能性，can't+be) 4.She could swim when she was five.(过去能力，could+swim) 2.may/might(许可、可能性、请求) 基本含义及用法 my:表示许可(“可以”，较正式)、可能性(“可能”，肯定句)、请求允许(“可以吗”) might:表示较小的可能性（比may可能性低）、过去的许可、委婉请求（比may更委婉） 句式结构 肯定句：主语+may/might+动词原形 否定句：主语+may not/might not+动词原形(may not表“不允许”，might not表“可能不”) 疑问句：May+主语+动词原形？（请求许可） 例句 1.You may leave the classroom now.(正式许可，may+leave) 2.It may rain tomorrow.(可能性，may+rain) 3.Might I use your dictionary?(更委婉请求，might+-use) 4.She might not come to the party..(可能性较低，might not+come) 3.must/have to（必须、肯定推测) 基本含义及用法 ust:表示主观义务(“必须”，说话人认为有必要)、肯定推测(“一定”，用于肯定句) have to:表示客观需要(“不得不”，受外界因素影响)，有人称、时态变化(has to/had to/.will have to) 否定含义：mustn’t表“禁止”，don’t have to表“不必” 句式结构 must肯定句：主语+must+动词原形 have to肯定句：主语+have/has/had+to+动词原形 否定句：主语+mustn't+动词原形/主语+don't/doesn't/didn’t+have to+动词原形 疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形？（回答：肯定用must,否定用needn't/don't have to) 例句 3 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 1.We must follow the school rules.(主观必须，must+follow) 2.He has to work late today because of the project.(客观不得不，has to+work) 3.You mustn’t park here.(禁止，mustn't+park) 4.-Must I finish the homework now?(must提问) -No,you needn't/don'thave to.(否定▣答用needn't或don'thave to) 5.The light is on,so he must be at home.(肯定推测，must+be) 4.should/ought to（应该、建议) 基本含义及用法 sod:表示义务或责任(“应该”)、建议(“应该”)、推测(“按理说应该”) ought to:含义与should基本相同，结构为“ought to+动词原形”（否定式ought not to,缩写oughtn'tto) 句式结构 肯定句：主语+should+动词原形/主语+ought to+动词原形 否定句：主语+shouldn’t+动词原形/主语+ought not to+动词原形 疑问句：Should+主语+动词原形？ 例句 1.You should study hard for the exam.(a建议，should+study) 2.We ought to help the elderly.(义务，ought to-+help) 3.She shouldn’t spend too much time on games.(否定建议，shouldn’t+spend) 4.The train should arrive at8:00.(推测，should+arrive) 5.need/dare(需要、敢于，兼类动词) 基本含义及用法（情态动词用法，多用于否定句/疑问句） need:表示“需要”，否定式needn’t(“不必”)，疑问式Need.?(“需要…吗？”) dare:表示“敢于”，否定式daren’t(“不敢”)，疑问式Dare.?(“敢…吗？”) 句式结构（情态动词用法） 否定句：主语+needn’t/daren’t+动词原形 疑问句：Need/Dare+主语+动词原形？ 4 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 例句 l.You needn't wait for me.(不必，needn't+wait) 2.Dare he swim in the deep river?(敢.吗？dare+swim) 3.She daren’t speak in public.(不敢，daren't+speak) 4.-Need I call him back?(需要…吗？need+call) -No,you needn't.(否定回答用needn't) 6.情态动词+have done(对过去的推测/虚拟) 常见搭配及含义 must have done:“一定做过某事”（肯定推测，用于肯定句） cn’t/couldn’t have done:“不可能做过某事”（否定推测） may/might have done:“可能做过某事”（可能性推测） should/ought to have done:“本应该做某事（但没做）”（虚拟语气，含责备） needn’thave done:“本不必做某事（但做了）” 例句 l.He must have finished his homework,because he is playing outside.(对过去肯定推测，must have finished) 2.You can't have seen her yesterday,she was in Beijing.(否定推测，can't have seen) 3.They might have arrived home late.(可能性推测，might have arrived) 4.You should have told me the truth.(本应该做但没做，should have told) 5.She needr't have bought so much food.(本不必做但做了，needn't have bought) 知识点三：情态动词的推测用法 1.肯定推测（中考高频） 1.常用情态动词：must（一定)、may(可能)、might（也许) 2.例句： ·must(把握最大，用于肯定句)→例句：The light is on,,so he must be at home 。may(把握中等，用于肯定句/否定句)一例句：She may come to the party tonight,butI'mnot sure. 5 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 。might(把握最小，用于肯定句/否定句)→例句：It might rain tomorrow,so take an umbrella 2.否定推测（中考易错) 1.常用情态动词：cm’t(不可能)、may not(可能不) 2.例句： ·can't(把握最大，用于否定句)→例句：He can't be in the library now-he went home just now ·may not(把握中等，用于否定句)一→例句：She may not attend the meeting because she is busy.. 3.疑问句推测（中考核心） 1.常用情态动词：can(可能)、could(可能，更委婉) 2.例句： ·can(用于一般疑问句)→例句：Can the news be true? 。could(用于一般疑问句，语气更委婉)→例句：Could this bag belong to Mary? 4.特殊语境推测（中考常考） 1.常用结构： ·must have done(过去一定做过，对过去的肯定推测)→例句：You must have finished your homework,. right? 。can'thave done(过去不可能做过，对过去的否定推测)→例句：He can't have taken your book -I saw it on his desk 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测用法辨析 核心：根据语境判断对现在/过去情况的推测，选择正确的情态动词形式（情态动词+动词原形情 态动词+have+过去分词) 真题1（单项选择)： The door is locked.He be at home. Amust B can't Cmay Dmight 答案：B 解析：由“门是锁着的”可知，对现在情况的否定推测，“不可能在家”，用ca't表否定推测。 真题2（语法填空)： She looks worried.She (lose)her keys.Let's help her look for them. 6 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 答案：may have lost 解析：由“她看起来很担心”可知，对过去情况的不确定推测，“可能丢了钥匙”，用may have done 结构，lose的过去分词为lost。 考法二：情态动词推测用法与时态呼应 核心：结合时间语境（现在/过去/将来），运用情态动词对不同时间的情况进行推测（现在推测：情 态动词+动词原形：过去推测：情态动词+have+过去分词) 真题1（语法填空）： The door is locked.He (go)out. 答案：must have gone 解析：由“门是锁着的”可知是对过去情况的肯定推测，用“must have-+过去分词”结构，go的过 去分词为gone。 真题2（单项选择)： -Where is Lucy?I can't find her. -She be in the library.I saw her there just now. A.must B.might C.can't D.should 答案：A 解析：由“刚才看到她在图书馆”可知是对现在情况的肯定推测，可能性最大，用ust(情态动词 +动词原形表现在推测)。 考法三：情态动词的时态呼应与虚拟语气综合应用 核心：结合时间语境判断情态动词时态（现在/过去/将来），掌握情态动词+have done结构表虚拟 或推测的用法 真题1（单项选择)： -Why didn't you attend the meeting yesterday? -I have gone,but I had a bad cold and couldn't get out of bed. A.should B.must C.need D.might 答案：A 解析：根据“yesterday”可知为过去时间语境，结合“but I had a bad cold”(实际未参加)，表示 “本应该做但未做”，用“should have done'”结构，符合虚拟语气用法。 真题2（语法填空)： You__(not park)here!Look at the sign-—it says“No Parking”. 答案：mustn’t park 解析：根据语境“禁止停车”，用情态动词must’t表“禁止”；此处为现在时间语境，直接用“ustn' t+动词原形”结构，符合义务类情态动词否定用法。 > 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 解题小妙招 情态动词推测妙招 推测先看时间点，现在原形过去done: 肯定推测用must,否定can't最常见： 可能推测nay might,过去加上have在前： 语境标志是关键，看到过去时间用have done: 义务禁止nustn't,区分推测与基础义： 综合运用看逻辑，情态时态要呼应。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.You park here.The sign says"No Parking". Amust B can't Cmay Dneed 2.The ground is wet.It rained last night. A must have B can have Cmay have D might have 3.Shespeak French when she was five. A can B could Cis able to Dwill be able to 4.-Must I finish the work today? -No,you You can do it tomorrow. Amustn't B can't Cneedn't D shouldn't 5.He looks tired.He have stayed up late last night. Amust B can Cmay D should 6.You brush your teeth twice a day to keep healthy. Amust B should C can Dmay 7.That be our teacher.He is in London now. A must B can't Cmay Dmight 8.They finish the project next week if they work hard. A will can B will be able to C can D could 9.I rather stay at home than go shopping on weekends. A would B should Cmust Dmight 10.-Where is Tom? -He be in the classroom.I saw him there just now. A must B might C can't D should 8 9年级专项复习北师大版 【语法专练】 情态动词系统复习 演练二：填空试题 1.You (not smoke)in the hospital.It's against the rules 2.The light is off.He (be)asleep now. 3.She (finish)her homework early yesterday,so she watched TV. 4.We (wear)masks in crowded places during the pandemic. 5.The door was locked.They (go)out for dinner. 6.You(ask)the teacher for help if you don't understand. 7.He(not come)to the party last night-he was sick 8.They_ (be able to)solve the problem by themselves next time. 9.You(not worry)too much about the exam.You've prepared well 10.She (play)the piano when she was young,but now she can't. 演练三：语法填空试题 It was a rainy morning.I looked out the window and thought,"I(stay)at home today."But my mom said,"You(go)to school-it's not a holiday!"I argued,"But the rain is heavy.I(get) wet!"She smiled and said,"You(take)an umbrella.You(not be)late." At school,my friend Lily was upset.She said,"I(lose)my math book.I can't find it anywhere!" I told her,"Don't worry.It(be)in your desk.Let's check."We looked,but it wasn't there.Our teacher heard us and said,"You(ask)the office-someone(find)it yesterday." Later,Lily came back with her book.She said,"I (thank)the office staff!They kept it for me."I was happy she found it.What a busy but lucky day! 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3B4.C5.A6.B7B8B9.A10.A 演练二：1.nustn't smoke2.must be3.must have finished4.nust/should wear5.must have gone 6.should/may ask 7.couldn't have come 8.will be able to 9.needn't worry 10.could play 1.might stay 2.must go 3.might get 4.should take 5.mustn't be 6.have lost 7.might be 8.should ask 9.might have found 10.must thank 9