Unit 4 Space 被动语态基础-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册语法知识点全解（北师大版）

初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 语法精讲 Unit4 Space:被动语态基础 中考核心语法专项 考频分析 初三北师大版中，被动语态基础是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题 型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题、书面表达（基础考察，影响句子结构多样 性)。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的结构、时态及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·被动语态构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时被动语态的基本结构(am/is/are+done;was/were+done, will be+done) ·主动与被动转换：不同时态主动句变被动句的规则，含情态动词的被动结构（情态动词+be+done) ·语境应用：结合Unit4 Space主题语境，判断何时使用被动语态（如动作承受者作主语、强调动作 本身等) 知识点一：被动语态的构成及基础用法 1.被动语态的基本结构(be+过去分词) l.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written by Tom yesterday. 2.被动语态的用法（强调动作承受者或动作本身） l.不知道动作执行者时：Many trees are planted in spring. 2.强调动作承受者时：The book was written by a famous writer. 3.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1.将原句宾语变为主语→例句：主动：They built the bridge.被动：The bridge. 2.根据时态确定be动词形式→被动：The bridge was built.. 1 初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 3.原句谓语动词变为过去分词，加by引出原主语（可省略）→被动：The bridge was built(by them). 4.常见时态的被动语态示例 1.一般将来时：will be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 2.现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished. 知识点二：被动语态的特殊用法与转换规则 1.含情态动词的被动语态（表达”能力、许可、必要性”等) 1.结构：主语+情态动词(can/nay/must/should/will等)+be+动词过去分词 2.例句： 1.The problem can be solved by him. 2.This work must be finished today. 3.The book may be borrowed from the library. 2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1.找宾语：将主动句中的宾语变为主语（若宾语是代词，需变为宾格对应的主格，如me→I) 2.变谓语：主动语态的谓语动词变为'be+过去分词”（时态由原主动句的时态决定be的形式） 3.加by:原主动句的主语前加by(若主语是代词，用宾格，如he→him:无需强调动作执行者时可省 略by短语) 4.调整其他成分：时间状语、地点状语等位置不变 5.例句转换： 主动：They built this bridge in 1990. 被动：This bridge was built by them in 19990. 3.不带o的动词不定式的被动语态 l.主动结构：let/make/have+宾语+动词原形（不带to):see/watch/hear+宾语+动词原形/现在分词 2.被动结构：宾语（变为主语）+be+let/made/had+to+动词原形；宾语（变为主语）+be+seen/watched/heard +to+动词原形/being+现在分词 3.例句： l.主动：The teacher made him finish the homework 被动：He was made to finish the homework by the teacher.. 初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 2.主动：I saw her play basketball. 被动：She was seen to play basketball by me. 3.主动：We heard them singing in the room. 被动：They were heard being sung in the room by us.. 4.被动语态的否定句和疑问句 1.否定句：在be动词/情态动词后加not 例句： 1.The task is not finished yet 2.This book cannot be taken out of the library. 2.一般疑问句：将be动词/情态动词提到主语前 例句： 1.Is the letter written by her? 2.Can this problem be solved? 3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词情态动词+主语+过去分词+by.) 例句： 1.Who was this cake made by? 2.When will the meeting be held? 知识点三：被动语态基础 1.被动语态基本结构（中考核心） l.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people, 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 3.一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词→例句：Anew hospital will be built next year 4.情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This work must be finished today. 2.主动语态变被动语态（中考必背步骤） 1.找宾语：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语（若宾语是代词，需变为宾格）一例句：主动：Thy grow rice in the south.→被动：Rice is grown in the south(by them). 3 初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 2.变谓语：be+过去分词”（时态与主动句一致）→例句：主动：She bought a book.→被动：A book was bought (by her). 3.加by短语：主动句主语变为by的宾语（可省略，尤其当主语是people/hey等模糊代词时）→例 句：主动：People speak Chinese here..→被动：Chinese is spoken here. 3.被动语态特殊用法（中考易错） 1.带双宾语的被动：间接宾语或直接宾语均可作被动句主语→例句：主动：He gave me a present.→ 被动l:I was given a present (by him).→被动2：A present was given to me(by him). 2.带复合宾语的被动：宾语补足语保留原位→例句：主动：We call her Lily..→被动：She is called Lily (by us). 3.不及物动词无被动：i.(如happen,.appear,come)无被动语态→例句：The accident happened last night..(不可说：The accident was happened.) 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were”; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been”; 将来被动will be',情态被动情态+be; 使役感官变被动，o字千万莫忘记： 双宾主动变被动，间宾直宾皆可主。 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本结构及时态辨析 核心：根据句子时态和主语，确定被动语态中be动词的正确形式及动词过去分词的使用 真题1（语法填空）： The classroom_(clean)every day by the students 答案：is cleaned 解析：由时间标志词'every day'可知，用一般现在时；主语The classroom'”是动作承受者，被动语 态结构为”am/is/are+过去分词'，主语为单数，be动词用is,clean的过去分词为cleaned。 真题2（单项选择）： A new hospital in our city next year. A.was built B.will be built C.is built D.has been built 4 初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词'next year”可知，用一般将来时：主语”A new hospital''是动作承受者，被动语 态结构为”will be+过去分词'，build的过去分词为built,.故选B。 考法二：主动被动语态转换及特殊用法综合考查 核心：结合时态、情态动词、感官/使役动词等特殊情况，完成主动句与被动句的转换及语境运用 真题1（句型转换)： The teacher made Tom finish his homework after school.(改为被动语态) Tom finish his homework after school by the teacher. 答案：was made to 解析：主动句含使役动词make,结构为'make sb.do sth.”,变为被动语态时需还原to,即be made to do sth.”;原句为一般过去时，被动句be动词用was 真题2（语法填空）： English-(speak)by many people around the world.It-(learn)as a second language in most schools. 答案：is spoken;is learned 解析：第一句主语English是动作承受者，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态'is spoken”:第 二句主语It指代English,同样为动作承受者，时态与前句一致，用'is learned'。 真题3（单项选择）： A new bridge-over the river next year A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.is built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'next year'”可知用一般将来时，主语bridge是动作承受者，需用被动语态，结 构为"will be+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。 考法三：被动语态的综合转换与语境运用 核心：结合主动与被动语态的转换规则（含否定句、疑问句），运用不同时态及情态动词的被动结 构解决语境问题 真题1（单项选择)： A new library_in our city next year,and it_by many students then. A.will build;will use B.will be built;will be used C.is built;was used D.builds;is used 答案：B 解析：第一空由'next year”可知用一般将来时被动语态'will be built”;第二空then”指代将来时间， 且”it,(图书馆)是”use”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态'will be used'。 真题2（句型转换)： 主动句：My father didn't buy me a new bike last week.(改为被动句) 被动句：A new bike一_一me by my father last week. 5 初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 答案：wasn't bought for 解析：主动句为一般过去时否定句，宾语”a new bike”作主语，被动结构为”wasn't bought'':间接宾 语'me”前加介词for(buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.)。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The Great Wallby millions of people every year. A.visits B.is visited C.visited D.was visited 2.A new park in our neighborhood next month. A.will build B.builds C.will be built D.is built 3.The room_by my mother yesterday afternoon. A.cleans B.cleaned C.was cleaned D.is cleaned 4.Your homework_before class tomorrow. A.must hand in B.must be handed in C.hands in D.is handed in 5.He-to sing an English song at the party last night. A.saw B.was seen C.is seen D.sees 6.The teacher made us_the text again.(改为被动句) A.to read B.read C.reading D.reads 7.When_the computer? A.did;invent B.was;invented C.is;invented D.does;invent 8.This kind of cloth_soft. A.feels B.is felt C.felt D.was felt 9.Mobile phones_in the library. A.aren't allowed B.don't allow C.isn't allowed D.won't allow 10.Many trees_in the park since last spring. A.plant B.planted C.have been planted D.are planted 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday. 2.English_(speak)in many countries around the world. 3.A new bridge_(build)over the river next year 4.The classroom_(clean)by students every morning. 5.The work_(must finish)before 5 o'clock this afternoon 6 初三全册北师大版 【语法专版】 Unit 4 Space 6.He(see)to enter the office just now. 7.These books_(not take)out of the library. 8.The problem_(solve)by the teacher already. 9.The children(make)to do their homework after school. 10.When-the meeting_(hold)last week? 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Space exploration has always been a hot topic.Many rockets-(send)into space since the 20th century. Satellites(use)to help us with weather forecasting and communication.In 1969,the first man(land) on the moon.Now,more advanced technology-(develop)to explore Mars. In the future,a space station-(build)on Mars.Astronauts-(train)to live in space for a long time. However,space travel is dangerous.Accidents_(happen)sometimes,but scientists never give up. In our school,a science exhibition about space(hold)next month.Students_(invite)to learn about rockets and planets.It is hoped that more young people-(encourage)to study science and join in space exploration. 参考答案 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.B5.B6.A7.B8.A9.A10.C 演练二：1.was written2.is spoken3.will be built4.is cleaned5.must be finished 6.was seen 7.must not be taken 8.has been solved 9.are made 10.was;held 演练三：l.have been sent2.are used3.was landed4.is being developed5.will be built 6.will be trained 7.happen 8.will be held 9.will be invited 10.will be encouraged 7