内容正文:
冀教版七年级下册 Unit 2 单词表
教师备课材料
1. almost (adv.)
词义: 几乎,差不多
近义词: nearly, practically
反义词: exactly, precisely
常见搭配: almost everyone (几乎所有人); almost finished (快要完成了)
例句: I have almost finished my homework.
翻译: 我几乎完成我的作业了。
练习题:
1. The movie was ______ (almost) three hours long.
2. She ______ (near) fell off her bike but managed to balance.
答案与解析:
1. almost。
2. nearly。解析:“almost”和“nearly”常可互换,此处修饰动词“fell”,需用副词。
2. geography (n.)
词义: 地理(学)
词性转换: geography (n.) → geographer (n. 地理学家) → geographical (adj. 地理的)
常见搭配: study geography (学习地理); a geography lesson (一堂地理课)
例句: We are learning about rivers in geography class.
翻译: 我们正在地理课上学习关于河流的知识。
练习题:
1. The ______ (geography) features of this region are very unique.
2. He wants to be a ______ (geography) when he grows up.
答案与解析:
1. geographical。解析:修饰名词“features”,需用形容词,意为“地理特征”。
2. geographer。解析:意为“地理学家”,表示职业。
3. twice (adv.)
词义: 两次;两倍
近义词: two times
反义词: once (一次)
常见搭配: twice a week (每周两次); twice as much/many as (是…的两倍多)
例句: I go swimming twice a week.
翻译: 我每周游泳两次。
练习题:
1. This room is ______ (twice) the size of that one.
2. He has been to Beijing ______ (two time).
答案与解析:
1. twice。解析:表示倍数,“是…的两倍大”。
2. twice。解析:表示频率“两次”。
4. social (adj.)
词义: 社会的;社交的
近义词: societal, communal
反义词: antisocial, unsocial
词性转换: social (adj.) → socially (adv.) → society (n. 社会) → socialize (v. 社交)
常见搭配: social media (社交媒体); social skills (社交技巧)
例句: Good social skills are important for making friends.
翻译: 良好的社交技巧对交朋友很重要。
练习题:
1. We live in a modern ______ (social).
2. It's important to ______ (social) with people from different backgrounds.
答案与解析:
1. society。解析:作宾语,需名词。
2. socialize。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
5. shop (n. & v.)
词义: n. 商店;车间; v. 购物
近义词: n. store; v. go shopping
反义词: v. sell (出售)
词性转换: shop (n./v.) → shopping (n. 购物) → shopper (n. 购物者)
常见搭配: a gift shop (礼品店); go shopping (去购物)
例句: There is a new shop near my home. / She loves to shop for clothes.
翻译: 我家附近有一家新商店。/ 她喜欢买衣服。
练习题:
1. We need to do some ______ (shop) for groceries.
2. The street was full of ______ (shop) during the sale.
答案与解析:
1. shopping。解析:固定搭配“do some shopping”(买东西)。
2. shoppers。解析:意为“购物者们”,表示人。
6. success (n.)
词义: 成功;成功的人或事物
近义词: achievement, triumph
反义词: failure
词性转换: success (n.) → succeed (v. 成功) → successful (adj. 成功的)
常见搭配: achieve success (获得成功); a great success (巨大的成功)
例句: Hard work is the key to success.
翻译: 努力是成功的关键。
练习题:
1. I hope you ______ (success) in your exams.
2. She is a ______ (success) businesswoman.
答案与解析:
1. succeed。解析:从句中缺少谓语动词,用动词原形。
2. successful。解析:修饰名词“businesswoman”,需用形容词。
7. event (n.)
词义: 事件;活动;比赛项目
近义词: occurrence, incident, competition
词性转换: event (n.) → eventful (adj. 多事的) → eventual (adj. 最终的)
常见搭配: a sporting event (体育赛事); in the event of (如果…发生)
例句: The school sports event will be held next Friday.
翻译: 学校运动会将在下周五举行。
练习题:
1. It was an ______ (event) year with many changes.
2. ______ (Event), they reached an agreement.
答案与解析:
1. eventful。解析:修饰名词“year”,需用形容词,意为“多事的”。
2. Eventually。解析:修饰整个句子,需用副词,意为“最终”。
8. high (adj. & adv.)
词义: adj. 高的;高度的; adv. 高地
近义词: adj. tall, lofty; adv. highly (抽象意义地)
反义词: adj. low
词性转换: high (adj./adv.) → height (n. 高度) → highly (adv. 高度地,非常)
常见搭配: high jump (跳高); speak highly of (高度赞扬)
例句: The mountain is very high. / He is highly respected.
翻译: 这座山很高。/ 他深受尊敬。
练习题:
1. What is the ______ (high) of that building?
2. She is a ______ (high) skilled worker.
答案与解析:
1. height。解析:疑问词“What”后接名词,询问“高度”。
2. highly。解析:修饰形容词“skilled”,需用副词,意为“技术高超的”。
9. throw (v. & n.)
词义: v. 投,掷,扔; n. 投掷
近义词: v. toss, hurl
反义词: v. catch (接住)
词性转换: throw (v./n.) → threw (过去式) → thrown (过去分词)
常见搭配: throw a ball (扔球); throw away (扔掉)
例句: Can you throw the frisbee to me?
翻译: 你能把飞盘扔给我吗?
练习题:
1. He ______ (throw) the paper into the bin.
2. That was a good ______ (throw)! You almost hit the target.
答案与解析:
1. threw。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
2. throw。解析:作表语,需名词。
10. winner (n.)
词义: 获胜者,赢家
近义词: champion, victor
反义词: loser
词性转换: winner (n.) ← win (v.) → winning (adj. 获胜的)
常见搭配: the winner of the competition (比赛的获胜者)
例句: The winner of the race will get a gold medal.
翻译: 赛跑的获胜者将获得一枚金牌
练习题:
1. Who do you think will ______ (win) the game?
2. She gave a ______ (win) smile after the match.
答案与解析:
1. win。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形。
2. winning。解析:修饰名词“smile”,需用形容词,意为“胜利的”。
11. champion (n. & v.)
词义: n. 冠军;拥护者; v. 捍卫,拥护
近义词: n. winner, defender; v. support, defend
反义词: n. loser
词性转换: champion (n./v.) → championship (n. 锦标赛;冠军地位)
常见搭配: world champion (世界冠军); champion a cause (捍卫一项事业)
例句: She is the swimming champion of our school.
翻译: 她是我们学校的游泳冠军。
练习题:
1. Our team won the ______ (champion) last year.
2. He has always ______ (champion) the rights of the poor.
答案与解析:
1. championship。解析:意为“锦标赛冠军”或“冠军头衔”,作宾语。
2. championed。解析:现在完成时“has + 过去分词”,描述一直以来的行为。
12. teammate (n.)
词义: 队友
近义词: fellow player
反义词: opponent, rival (对手)
词性转换: teammate (n.),合成词(team + mate)。
常见搭配: trust your teammates (信任你的队友)
例句: My teammate passed the ball to me, and I scored.
翻译: 我的队友把球传给我,我得分了。
练习题:
1. Good ______ (teammate) is essential for winning.
2. All my ______ (teammate) are very supportive.
答案与解析:
1. teamwork。解析:此处应指“团队合作”,用“teamwork”。
2. teammates。解析:可数名词复数。
13. village (n.)
词义: 村庄,乡村
近义词: hamlet, settlement
反义词: city, metropolis (大城市)
词性转换: village (n.) → villager (n. 村民)
常见搭配: a small village (一个小村庄)
例句: My grandparents live in a quiet village.
翻译: 我的祖父母住在一个安静的村庄里。
练习题:
1. The ______ (village) were very friendly to visitors.
2. It has a ______ (village) atmosphere even though it's a town.
答案与解析:
1. villagers。解析:意为“村民们”,表示人。
2. village-like 或 rural。解析:修饰名词“atmosphere”,意为“乡村般的氛围”。
14. education (n.)
词义: 教育;教育学
近义词: schooling, instruction
反义词: ignorance (无知)
词性转换: education (n.) → educate (v. 教育) → educational (adj. 教育的;有教育意义的)
常见搭配: higher education (高等教育); physical education (P.E.) (体育)
例句: Education is very important for a child's future.
翻译: 教育对孩子的未来非常重要。
练习题:
1. Parents should ______ (education) their children to be kind.
2. This is an ______ (education) TV program for children.
答案与解析:
1. educate。解析:情态动词“should”后接动词原形。
2. educational。解析:修饰名词“program”,需用形容词,意为“有教育意义的”。
15. difference (n.)
词义: 差异,不同;差额
近义词: distinction, contrast
反义词: similarity, sameness (相似,相同)
词性转换: difference (n.) ← differ (v. 不同) → different (adj. 不同的)
常见搭配: tell the difference (区分差别); make a difference (产生影响)
例句: Can you see the difference between these two pictures?
翻译: 你能看出这两张图片的不同吗?
练习题:
1. The two brothers have very ______ (difference) personalities.
2. Our opinions ______ (difference) on this matter.
答案与解析:
1. different。解析:修饰名词“personalities”,需用形容词。
2. differ。解析:句子缺少谓语动词,用动词原形,意为“有分歧”。
16. yourself; yourselves (pron.)
词义: (你)自己;(你们)自己(反身代词或强调)
常见搭配: by yourself/yourselves (独自地); Help yourself/yourselves. (请自便。)
例句: Did you do your homework by yourself? / Please introduce yourselves.
翻译: 你是独自完成作业的吗?/ 请介绍一下你们自己。
练习题:
1. You should believe in ______ (you).
2. Boys, can you clean the room ______ (you)?
答案与解析:
1. yourself。解析:主语是“You”(单数),反身代词用“yourself”。
2. yourselves。解析:主语是“Boys”(复数),反身代词用“yourselves”。
17. anyone (pron.)
词义: (用于疑问句或否定句) 任何人;(用于肯定句) 随便哪个人
近义词: anybody
反义词: no one, nobody
常见搭配: anyone else (任何其他人); Is anyone there? (有人在吗?)
例句: Did anyone call me while I was out? / Anyone can learn to swim.
翻译: 我不在的时候有人打电话给我吗?/ 任何人都可以学游泳。
练习题:
1. Is there ______ (anyone) in the classroom?
2. I didn't see ______ (anyone) I knew at the party.
答案与解析:
1. anyone。解析:疑问句中,用“anyone”。
2. anyone。解析:否定句(didn't)中,用“anyone”。
18. possible (adj.)
词义: 可能的;可能存在的
近义词: likely, feasible
反义词: impossible
词性转换: possible (adj.) → possibility (n. 可能性) → possibly (adv. 可能地)
常见搭配: as soon as possible (尽快); if possible (如果可能的话)
例句: It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.
翻译: 明天可能会下雨。
练习题:
1. Is there any ______ (possible) of getting tickets for the concert?
2. Can you ______ (possible) finish the work by Friday?
答案与解析:
1. possibility。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. possibly。解析:修饰动词“finish”,需用副词,意为“可能地”。
19. future (n. & adj.)
词义: n. 未来,将来;前途; adj. 将来的,未来的
近义词: n. tomorrow, prospect; adj. coming, forthcoming
反义词: n./adj. past
词性转换: future (n./adj.) → futuristic (adj. 未来主义的)
常见搭配: in the future (在未来); future plans (未来计划)
例句: What do you want to be in the future? / We need to make plans for our future life.
翻译: 你将来想成为什么?/ 我们需要为我们将来的生活制定计划。
练习题:
1. The movie shows a ______ (future) world where robots are common.
2. She has a bright ______ (future) ahead of her.
答案与解析:
1. futuristic。解析:修饰名词“world”,需用形容词,意为“未来世界的”。
2. future。解析:作宾语,需名词。
20. monitor (n. & v.)
词义: n. 班长;监视器; v. 监控;监测
近义词: n. prefect, screen; v. observe, watch
词性转换: monitor (n./v.) → monitoring (n. 监控)
常见搭配: class monitor (班长); monitor progress (监测进展)
例句: Lily is our class monitor. / Doctors monitor the patient's condition closely.
翻译: 莉莉是我们的班长。/ 医生密切监测病人的状况。
练习题:
1. The teacher asked him to ______ (monitor) the classroom while she was out.
2. Continuous ______ (monitor) of the system is necessary.
答案与解析:
1. monitor。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
2. monitoring。解析:作主语,需名词。
21. primary (adj.)
词义: 主要的;初级的;小学的
近义词: main, chief, elementary
反义词: secondary, minor
词性转换: primary (adj.) → primarily (adv. 主要地)
常见搭配: primary school (小学); primary reason (主要原因)
例句: My primary goal is to improve my English.
翻译: 我的主要目标是提高我的英语。
练习题:
1. The company's success is ______ (primary) due to its excellent products.
2. He is in his sixth year of ______ (primary) education.
答案与解析:
1. primarily。解析:修饰整个句子,需用副词。
2. primary。解析:修饰名词“education”,用形容词。
22. choose (v.)
词义: 选择,挑选
近义词: select, pick
反义词: reject (拒绝)
词性转换: choose (v.) → chose (过去式) → chosen (过去分词) → choice (n. 选择)
常见搭配: choose between (在…之间选择); choose to do (选择做…)
例句: You can choose any book you like from the shelf.
翻译: 你可以从书架上选择任何你喜欢的书。
练习题:
1. We made a wise ______ (choose).
2. He was ______ (choose) to be the team leader.
答案与解析:
1. choice。解析:作宾语,需名词。
2. chosen。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”。
23. better (adj., adv., n. & v.)
词义: adj./adv. (good/well的比较级) 更好的/地; n. 更好的事物; v. 改善
近义词: adj./adv. superior, improved; v. improve
反义词: adj./adv. worse
词性转换: better (adj./adv./n./v.) ← good/well (原级) → best (最高级)
常见搭配: get better (好转); had better (最好…)
例句: Your English is getting better. / We should try to better our lives.
翻译: 你的英语正在变好。/ 我们应该努力改善我们的生活。
练习题:
1. This is the ______ (good) movie I have ever seen.
2. We aim for continuous ______ (good) in our service.
答案与解析:
1. best。解析:在有“I have ever seen”的语境中,用最高级。
2. improvement。解析:作宾语,需名词。“better”作名词时通常指“更好的事物”,此处“持续改善”更常用“improvement”。
24. junior (adj. & n.)
词义: adj. 较年幼的;地位较低的;初级的; n. 年少者;地位较低者;大学三年级学生
近义词: adj. younger, lower-ranking; n. subordinate
反义词: adj. senior
词性转换: junior (adj./n.)
常见搭配: junior high school (初中); be junior to (比…年幼/低级)
例句: My junior brother is in primary school.
翻译: 我的弟弟在上小学。
练习题:
1. She is three years my ______ (junior).
2. The ______ (junior) staff often learn from the seniors.
答案与解析:
1. junior。解析:固定用法“be + 数字 + years + sb.'s junior”(比某人小几岁)。
2. junior。解析:修饰名词“staff”,用形容词,意为“资历较浅的”。
25. progress (n. & v.)
词义: n./v. 进步,进展
近义词: n./v. advancement, improvement
反义词: n./v. regress, decline (退步)
词性转换: progress (n./v.) → progression (n. 连续,进展) → progressive (adj. 进步的;渐进的)
常见搭配: make progress (取得进步); in progress (进行中)
例句: She has made great progress in her studies. / Work on the project is progressing well.
翻译: 她在学习上取得了巨大进步。/ 项目工作进展顺利。
练习题:
1. There has been a steady ______ (progress) in technology.
2. He has ______ (progress) ideas about education.
答案与解析:
1. progression。解析:作主语,需名词,强调“逐步进展的过程”。
2. progressive。解析:修饰名词“ideas”,需用形容词,意为“进步的,先进的”。
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