内容正文:
沪教牛津英语七下Unit1 People around us
重要知识点讲解
一、核心单词
1. advice [ədˈvaɪs] n. 建议
用法:不可数名词,不能直接加“a/an”,需用“a piece of(一条)”“some(一些)”“much(许多)”等修饰;常与形容词“good/useful/helpful”搭配。
动词形式:advise(建议)
搭配与例句:
give sb some advice:给某人一些建议
例:My English teacher gave me some good advice on reading.(我的英语老师给了我一些阅读方面的好建议)
get advice from sb:从某人处获取建议
例:You can get useful advice from your cousin about the math problem.(关于这道数学题,你可以从表哥那里得到有用的建议)
advise sb (not) to do sth:建议某人(不)做某事
例:My mom advised me not to play games too late.(妈妈建议我不要玩游戏到太晚)
2. encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] v. 鼓励;激励
用法:及物动词,后接“sb”作宾语,常用搭配“encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)”。
联想拓展:名词形式为courage(勇气)、encouragement(鼓励)
例句:
Our PE teacher encouraged us to run faster in the race.(体育老师鼓励我们在比赛中跑得更快)
I will encourage my friend to join the school speech contest.(我会鼓励朋友参加学校的演讲比赛)
3. retire [rɪˈtaɪə(r)] v.(令)退休;(使)退休
用法:不及物动词,后常接“from+工作/职位”表示“从某岗位退休”;名词形式为retirement(退休)。
例句:
My grandma retired from the hospital last month.(奶奶上个月从医院退休了)
Mr. Wang will retire from his teaching job next year.(王老师明年会从教师岗位退休)
4. cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfl] adj. 快乐的;高兴的
用法:可作表语或定语,与“happy”含义相近,比较级为more cheerful。
联想拓展:动词形式为cheer(欢呼;使振奋),短语“cheer up(使振作起来)”。
例句:
The cheerful boy always shares toys with his classmates.(这个快乐的男孩总跟同学分享玩具)
Cheer up! You’ll do better in the next exam.(振作起来!下次考试你会做得更好)
5. community [kəˈmjuːnəti] n. 社区
用法:可数名词,复数形式为“communities”,常用搭配“community service(社区服务)”。
例句:
There is a new library in our community.(我们社区里有一个新图书馆)
People in this small community often have dinner together.(这个小社区的居民常一起聚餐)
6. medical [ˈmedɪkl] adj. 医学的;医疗的
用法:常作定语修饰名词,如“medical care(医疗护理)”“medical workers(医护人员)”“medical treatment(医疗治疗)”。
例句:
We need to call for medical help when someone is ill suddenly.(有人突然生病时,我们需要呼叫医疗救助)
Her aunt works in a medical center near our school.(她姑姑在学校附近的一家医疗中心工作)
7. wherever [weərˈevə(r)] conj. 各处;处处
用法:引导地点状语从句,相当于“no matter where”,可置于句首或句中。
例句:
Wherever we go, we should follow the rules.(无论去哪里,我们都应该遵守规则)
You can see beautiful flowers wherever you walk in this park.(在这个公园里,无论走到哪都能看到漂亮的花)
8. future [ˈfjuːtʃə(r)] n. 将来;未来
用法:常与“in”搭配构成“in the future(在未来)”,还可搭配“for the future(为了将来)”。
例句:
I hope to travel around the world in the future.(我希望未来能环游世界)
What job do you want to do in the future?(你未来想做什么工作?)
9. strict [strɪkt] adj. 要求严格的;严厉的
用法:常用搭配“be strict with sb(对某人要求严格)”“be strict about sth(对某事要求严格)”,副词形式为strictly。
例句:
Our math teacher is strict with us in our homework.(数学老师对我们的作业要求很严格)
My dad is strict about keeping the room clean.(爸爸对保持房间整洁要求很严格)
10. personal [ˈpɜːsənl] adj. 个人的;私人的
用法:作定语修饰名词,如“personal things(私人物品)”“personal information(个人信息)”。
例句:
Please don’t touch others’ personal things without permission.(未经允许请不要碰别人的私人物品)
We shouldn’t share our personal information with strangers.(我们不该把个人信息分享给陌生人)
11. kind-hearted [ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːtɪd] adj. 好心的;善良的
用法:合成形容词,作定语或表语,侧重内在品性善良。
例句:
The kind-hearted old man often helps homeless animals.(这位好心的老人经常帮助流浪动物)
My neighbor is kind-hearted and always ready to help others.(我的邻居很善良,总是乐于助人)
12. patient [ˈpeɪʃnt] adj. 有耐心的;n. 病人
用法:作形容词时,搭配“be patient with sb(对某人有耐心)”;作名词时为可数名词。
例句:
Good teachers are always patient with their students.(好老师对学生总是很有耐心)
The doctor talked gently to the patients in the ward.(医生温柔地和病房里的病人交流)
13. responsible [rɪˈspɒnsəbl] adj. 负责任的
用法:常用搭配“be responsible for(对……负责任)”,副词形式为responsibly。
例句:
As a monitor, Lily is responsible for class order.(作为班长,莉莉负责班级秩序)
We should be responsible for our own actions.(我们应该对自己的行为负责)
14. humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] adj. 幽默的;风趣的
用法:作定语或表语,可修饰人或言论、故事等。
例句:
Our history teacher is very humorous—his classes are never boring.(我们的历史老师很幽默,他的课从不无聊)
He told a humorous story to make everyone laugh.(他讲了一个幽默的故事让大家笑起来)
二、重点短语
1. give up 认输;放弃
用法:后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),代词作宾语时需放中间。
例句:
Don’t give up learning to ride a bike—it’s easy!(别放弃学骑自行车,它很简单!)
He tried many times and didn’t give up.(他试了很多次,没有放弃)
2. used to 曾经
用法:后接动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事(现在不做了)”,否定形式为“didn’t use to”或“used not to”。
例句:
I used to play chess with my grandpa every weekend.(我曾经每个周末都和爷爷下棋)
She used to have short hair when she was 10.(她10岁时曾经留短发)
3. in the future 在未来
用法:表示将来的时间,常与一般将来时连用,区别于“in future(今后)”。
例句:
We will live in a greener world in the future.(未来我们会生活在更环保的世界里)
What changes will happen in our city in the future?(未来我们的城市会发生什么变化?)
4. be strict about 对……要求严格
用法:后接事物名词,侧重对事情的标准、规则严格。
例句:
Teachers are strict about students’ class behavior.(老师对学生的课堂行为要求严格)
My mom is strict about my eating habits.(妈妈对我的饮食习惯要求严格)
5. be worried about 担心
用法:后接人或事物,表示“为……担心”,可与“worry about”互换(主语为人时)。
例句:
My parents are worried about my safety when I go out alone.(我独自外出时,父母担心我的安全)
Don’t be worried about the test—you’ve prepared well.(别担心考试,你已经准备充分了)
6. cheer up (使)振作起来
用法:可作及物短语(后接sb)或不及物短语,sb为代词时放中间。
例句:
Let’s cheer up our friend—he’s feeling sad.(咱们让朋友振作起来吧,他很难过)
Cheer up! The rain will stop soon.(振作起来!雨很快就会停)
7. get along with 与……相处融洽
用法:后接人,侧重人际关系和谐,否定形式“get along badly with”。
例句:
I get along well with my deskmate—we often help each other.(我和同桌相处得很好,我们经常互相帮助)
It’s important to get along with people around us.(和身边的人友好相处很重要)
8. look after 照顾;照料
用法:后接人或事物,可与“take care of”互换,语气较口语化。
例句:
I need to look after my little sister when my parents are out.(父母外出时,我需要照顾妹妹)
Could you help look after my dog while I’m on vacation?(我度假时,你能帮我照看一下我的狗吗?)
9. be ready to 乐于;准备好
用法:后接动词原形,“be ready to do sth”表示“准备好做某事”或“乐于做某事”。
例句:
She is always ready to help her classmates with their studies.(她总是乐于帮助同学学习)
Are you ready to start the English class?(你准备好开始英语课了吗?)
10. take care of 照顾;处理
用法:后接人、事物或事务,比“look after”稍正式,可表示“处理问题、事务”。
例句:
My grandma is old, so my parents take care of her carefully.(奶奶年纪大了,所以父母细心照顾她)
You should learn to take care of your own things.(你应该学会打理自己的东西)
11. help out 帮忙;协助
用法:侧重在他人有困难时提供具体帮助,可接“sb”或“with sth”。
例句:
I helped out my mom with the housework last Sunday.(上周日我帮妈妈做了家务)
When our team was in trouble, he came to help out.(我们团队遇到困难时,他来帮忙了)
三、关键句式
1. “疑问词+动词不定式”结构
用法:可作动词的宾语,常见动词有know、tell、ask、learn、decide等,疑问词包括what、how、where、when等。
例句:
I don’t know how to solve this math problem.(我不知道怎么解这道数学题)
She asked me where to buy the new book.(她问我去哪里买这本新书)
2. “make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
用法:
make sb do sth:使某人做某事(宾补用动词原形,被动语态需加“to”)
make sb/sth+形容词:使某人/某物处于某种状态
例句:
The funny story made us laugh loudly.(这个有趣的故事让我们大笑起来)
Good news makes everyone happy.(好消息让每个人都很开心)
3. “forget to do/doing”结构
用法:
forget to do sth:忘记要做某事(事情未做)
forget doing sth:忘记做过某事(事情已做)
例句:
Don’t forget to take your umbrella—it’s raining.(别忘了带伞,天在下雨)
I forgot closing the window this morning.(我忘了今天早上关过窗户)
四、语法:定冠词the的用法
定冠词“the”用于特指人/物,常见用法如下:
特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
例:The girl in red is my deskmate.(穿红衣服的女孩是我的同桌)
指上文已提到过的人或事物
例:I have a cat. The cat is very cute.(我有一只猫,这只猫很可爱)
用在双方都知道的人或事物前
例:Pass me the pen, please.(请把那支笔递给我)
用在世界上独一无二的事物前
例:The Moon goes around the Earth.(月亮绕着地球转)
用在形容词前,表示一类人
例:The old need more care from others.(老年人需要更多他人的关爱)
用在姓氏复数前,表示“某一家”
例:The Greens are having a family dinner.(格林一家正在吃家庭晚餐)
用在乐器名词前,表示演奏乐器
例:My sister can play the piano very well.(我妹妹钢琴弹得很好)
用在序数词、形容词最高级前
例:He is the first student to get to school.(他是第一个到校的学生)
例:This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书)
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