内容正文:
译林版七年级下册 Unit 4 单词表
教师备课材料
1. folk (adj. & n.)
词义: adj. 民间的; n. 人们(复数概念)
近义词: adj. traditional, ethnic; n. people
反义词: adj. modern, contemporary
词性转换: folk (adj./n.) → folklore (n. 民间传说) → folksy (adj. 淳朴的,民间风味的)
常见搭配: folk music/art (民间音乐/艺术); old folks (老人们)
例句: She is interested in Chinese folk stories.
翻译: 她对中国民间故事感兴趣。
练习题:
1. The museum has a rich collection of ______ (folk) costumes.
2. ______ (folk) from all over the world visit this place.
答案与解析:
1. folk。解析:修饰名词“costumes”,用形容词,意为“民间服饰”。
2. Folks。解析:作句子主语,指“人们”,通常用复数形式。
2. china (n.)
词义: 瓷器(注意:小写c)
近义词: porcelain
词性转换: china (n.) → chinaware (n. 瓷器总称)
常见搭配: a piece of china (一件瓷器); a china teapot (瓷茶壶)
例句: This delicate cup is made of fine china.
翻译: 这个精美的杯子由上等瓷器制成。
练习题:
1. She collects blue and white ______ (china).
2. Please handle the ______ (china) with care; it's fragile.
答案与解析:
1. china。解析:意为“青花瓷器”,不可数名词。
2. chinaware 或 china。解析:泛指“瓷器”,作宾语。
3. clay (n.)
词义: 黏土
近义词: mud, earth
词性转换: clay (n.) → clayey (adj. 黏土质的)
常见搭配: model/pottery clay (塑造/陶土)
例句: The potter shaped the wet clay on the wheel.
翻译: 陶工在转轮上塑形湿黏土。
练习题:
1. The soil in this area is very ______ (clay).
2. Bricks are often made from baked ______ (clay).
答案与解析:
1. clayey。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,描述土壤性质。
2. clay。解析:介词“from”后接名词,物质名词不可数。
4. teapot (n.)
词义: 茶壶
词性转换: teapot (n.),合成词(tea + pot)。
常见搭配: a ceramic teapot (陶瓷茶壶); pour from a teapot (从茶壶倒水)
例句: The teapot is filled with hot water and tea leaves.
翻译: 茶壶里装满了热水和茶叶。
练习题:
1. She served the tea in a beautiful ______ (teapot).
2. Could you pass me the ______ (teapot), please?
答案与解析:
1. teapot。
2. teapot。
5. taste (n.) (此处侧重“品味,鉴赏力”)
词义: n. 味道;品味,鉴赏力; v. 品尝
近义词: n. flavor; judgment, style
反义词: n. tastelessness (无品味)
词性转换: taste (n./v.) → tasteful (adj. 有品味的) → tasteless (adj. 无品味的)
常见搭配: have good taste in art (对艺术有很好的鉴赏力)
例句: Her choice of furniture shows her excellent taste.
翻译: 她对家具的选择显示了她极佳的品味。
练习题:
1. The room was decorated in a ______ (taste) manner.
2. His comments were rather ______ (taste) and offended people.
答案与解析:
1. tasteful。解析:修饰名词“manner”,需用形容词,意为“有品位的”。
2. tasteless。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“庸俗的,不得体的”。
6. woodcarving (n.)
词义: 木雕;木雕工艺
词性转换: woodcarving (n.) ← carve (v. 雕刻) + wood (n.) + -ing (后缀)
常见搭配: a skill in woodcarving (木雕技艺)
例句: The intricate woodcarving on the door is over 100 years old.
翻译: 门上复杂的木雕已有百年历史。
练习题:
1. He learned the art of ______ (woodcarving) from his grandfather.
2. The artist ______ (carve) a beautiful bird out of a piece of wood.
答案与解析:
1. woodcarving。解析:介词“of”后接名词或动名词。
2. carved。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
7. even (adv. & adj.)
词义: adv. 甚至;即使;更加; adj. 平坦的;均匀的
近义词: adv. surprisingly; adj. flat, smooth
反义词: adj. uneven (不平坦的)
词性转换: even (adv./adj.) → evenly (adv. 均匀地) → evenness (n. 平坦;均匀)
常见搭配: even if/though (即使); spread evenly (均匀涂抹)
例句: Even a child can understand this. / Make sure the surface is even.
翻译: 甚至连孩子都能理解这个。/ 确保表面是平坦的。
练习题:
1. Please cut the cake into ______ (even) pieces.
2. The ______ (even) of his breathing showed he was asleep.
答案与解析:
1. even。解析:修饰名词“pieces”,用形容词,意为“均匀的”。
2. evenness。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“呼吸的均匀”。
8. carve (v.)
词义: 雕刻;切(肉)
近义词: sculpt, engrave, cut
词性转换: carve (v.) → carving (n. 雕刻品) → carver (n. 雕刻师)
常见搭配: carve sth. out of/from wood/stone (用木头/石头雕刻某物)
例句: He carved his initials on the tree.
翻译: 他把名字的首字母刻在树上。
练习题:
1. This beautiful statue is the work of a master ______ (carve).
2. The Thanksgiving turkey needs to be ______ (carve) at the table.
答案与解析:
1. carver。解析:意为“雕刻大师”,表示人。
2. carved。解析:被动语态“needs to be + 过去分词”,意为“需要被切分”。
9. scene (n.)
词义: 场景;景色;现场
近义词: view, sight, setting
词性转换: scene (n.) → scenic (adj. 风景优美的)
常见搭配: a beautiful scene (美丽的景色); behind the scenes (幕后)
例句: The painting shows a peaceful country scene.
翻译: 这幅画描绘了一个宁静的乡村景色。
练习题:
1. We drove along the most ______ (scene) route.
2. The police quickly arrived at the ______ (scene) of the accident.
答案与解析:
1. scenic。解析:修饰名词“route”,需用形容词,意为“风景优美的路线”。
2. scene。解析:固定搭配“the scene of the accident”(事故现场)。
10. craft (n. & v.)
词义: n. 工艺;手艺;船/飞机; v. 精心制作
近义词: n. skill, handicraft; v. make, create
词性转换: craft (n./v.) → craftsman/craftswoman (n. 工匠) → crafty (adj. 狡猾的)
常见搭配: traditional craft (传统工艺); a craft fair (手工艺品集市)
例句: Making Chinese knots requires great craft. / She crafted a story from her childhood memories.
翻译: 编中国结需要高超的手艺。/ 她用童年的记忆精心构思了一个故事。
练习题:
1. He is a skilled ______ (craft) in woodworking.
2. She showed great ______ (craft) in solving the problem.
答案与解析:
1. craftsman。解析:意为“熟练的工匠”,表示人。
2. craft。解析:此处意为“技巧,手腕”,不可数名词。
11. quickly (adv.)
词义: 迅速地,很快地
近义词: fast, rapidly, swiftly
反义词: slowly
词性转换: quickly (adv.) ← quick (adj.) → quickness (n. 迅速)
常见搭配: learn quickly (学得快); react quickly (反应迅速)
例句: Time passes quickly when you are having fun.
翻译: 当你玩得开心时,时间过得飞快。
练习题:
1. We need a ______ (quick) decision.
2. The ______ (quick) of his movements surprised everyone.
答案与解析:
1. quick。解析:修饰名词“decision”,需用形容词,意为“快速的决定”。
2. quickness。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“他动作的迅速”。
12. scissors (n.)
词义: 剪刀(常用复数)
近义词: shears
词性转换: scissors (n. pl.) → scissor (v. 剪,少用)
常见搭配: a pair of scissors (一把剪刀)
例句: Can you pass me the scissors? I need to cut this paper.
翻译: 能把剪刀递给我吗?我需要剪这张纸。
练习题:
1. These ______ (scissor) aren't sharp enough.
2. I need to ______ (scissor) out this picture from the magazine.
答案与解析:
1. scissors。解析:主语是复数,谓语“aren't”是复数形式。
2. scissor 或 cut。解析:情态动词“need to”后接动词原形。动词“scissor”较少用,更常用“cut out”。
13. knife (n. & v.)
词义: n. 刀; v. 用刀切(或刺)
近义词: n. blade; v. cut, stab
词性转换: knife (n./v.) → knives (pl.)
常见搭配: a kitchen knife (菜刀); knife and fork (刀叉)
例句: Be careful with that sharp knife.
翻译: 小心那把锋利的刀。
练习题:
1. The chef uses several different ______ (knife) for cooking.
2. He was ______ (knife) in the leg during the fight.
答案与解析:
1. knives。解析:可数名词复数。
2. knifed。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”,意为“被刀刺中”。
14. add (v.)
词义: 增加;添加;补充说
近义词: include, put in, supplement
反义词: subtract, remove (减去,移除)
词性转换: add (v.) → addition (n. 增加;加法) → additional (adj. 额外的) → additive (n. 添加剂)
常见搭配: add sugar to coffee (给咖啡加糖); add up (加起来)
例句: Add some salt to the soup and practise tasting it.
翻译: 往汤里加些盐,然后练习品尝。
练习题:
1. There is an ______ (add) charge for luggage.
2. The ______ (add) of a new room made the house bigger.
答案与解析:
1. additional。解析:修饰名词“charge”,需用形容词,意为“额外的费用”。
2. addition。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“增加(一个房间)”。
15. practise (英式) / practice (美式) (v. & n.)
词义: v. 练习;实践; n. 练习;惯例
近义词: v. train, exercise; n. training, custom
反义词: v. neglect (忽视练习)
词性转换: practise (v.) → practice (n.) → practical (adj. 实际的;实用的) → practitioner (n. 从业者)
常见搭配: practise doing sth. (练习做某事); put into practice (付诸实践)
例句: You need to practise speaking English every day.
翻译: 你需要每天练习说英语。
练习题:
1. She is a medical ______ (practise).
2. His idea sounds good, but is it ______ (practise)?
答案与解析:
1. practitioner。解析:意为“医学从业者(医生)”,表示人。
2. practical。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“可行的,实用的”。
16. landscape (n. & v.)
词义: n. 风景,景色;风景画; v. 对…做景观美化
近义词: n. scenery, view
词性转换: landscape (n./v.) → landscaping (n. 景观美化)
常见搭配: a beautiful landscape (美丽的风景); a landscape painter (风景画家)
例句: The landscape of Guilin is famous all over the world.
翻译: 桂林的风景世界闻名。
练习题:
1. They hired a company to do the ______ (landscape) for their new garden.
2. He specializes in ______ (landscape) photography.
答案与解析:
1. landscaping。解析:意为“景观美化(工作)”,不可数名词。
2. landscape。解析:修饰名词“photography”,用名词作定语,意为“风景摄影”。
17. paper-cut (n.)
词义: 剪纸
词性转换: paper-cut (n.),合成词。动词短语为“cut paper”。
常见搭配: a paper-cut artwork (剪纸艺术品)
例句: Paper-cut is a traditional Chinese folk art.
翻译: 剪纸是中国传统的民间艺术。
练习题:
1. The window was decorated with red ______ (paper-cut).
2. She enjoys ______ (cut) paper into beautiful shapes.
答案与解析:
1. paper-cuts。解析:可数名词,此处用复数。
2. cutting。解析:动词“enjoys”后接动名词“doing”。
18. express (v. & adj.)
词义: v. 表达;表示; adj. 快速的;明确的
近义词: v. show, convey; adj. fast, explicit
反义词: v. suppress (压制); adj. slow (慢的)
词性转换: express (v./adj.) → expression (n. 表达;表情) → expressive (adj. 富有表现力的)
常见搭配: express oneself (表达自己); an express train (特快列车)
例句: It's hard to express my happiness in words.
翻译: 我难以用言语表达我的快乐。
练习题:
1. Her face was very ______ (express) when she told the story.
2. Freedom of ______ (express) is important in a democracy.
答案与解析:
1. expressive。解析:在系动词“was”后作表语,需形容词,意为“富有表情的”。
2. expression。解析:固定短语“freedom of expression”(言论自由)。
19. happiness (n.)
词义: 快乐,幸福
近义词: joy, delight
反义词: sadness, unhappiness
词性转换: happiness (n.) ← happy (adj.) → happily (adv.)
常见搭配: find happiness (找到幸福); wish you happiness (祝你幸福)
例句: Money doesn't always bring happiness.
翻译: 金钱并不总能带来幸福。
练习题:
1. The children were playing ______ (happiness) in the garden.
2. We all want to live a ______ (happiness) life.
答案与解析:
1. happily。解析:修饰动词“were playing”,需用副词。
2. happy。解析:修饰名词“life”,需用形容词。
20. couple (n.)
词义: 一对,一双;夫妇;几个
近义词: pair, two, a few
词性转换: couple (n.) → coupled (adj. 连接的,常与“with”连用)
常见搭配: a couple of (两个;几个); a married couple (一对夫妇)
例句: The young couple are saving money for their wedding.
翻译: 这对年轻夫妇正在为他们的婚礼存钱。
练习题:
1. His intelligence, ______ (couple) with hard work, led to his success.
2. I'll be back in a ______ (couple) of minutes.
答案与解析:
1. coupled。解析:过去分词短语作状语,意为“加上,与…结合”。
2. couple。解析:固定搭配“a couple of”。
21. hand (n. & v.)
词义: n. 手;指针;帮助; v. 交,递
近义词: n. palm; v. give, pass
反义词: v. take (拿)
词性转换: hand (n./v.) → handful (n. 一把;少量) → handy (adj. 方便的)
常见搭配: give sb. a hand (帮助某人); hand in (上交)
例句: She has a natural hand for craft.
翻译: 她做手工艺很有天赋。
练习题:
1. Could you ______ (hand) me that book, please?
2. This tool is very ______ (hand) for fixing things.
答案与解析:
1. hand。解析:情态动词“Could you”后接动词原形。
2. handy。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“方便的”。
22. mean (v. & adj.)
词义: v. 意思是;意味着;打算; adj. 吝啬的;卑鄙的;平均的
近义词: v. signify, intend; adj. stingy, unkind, average
反义词: adj. generous (慷慨的); kind (善良的)
词性转换: mean (v./adj.) → meaning (n. 意义) → meaningful (adj. 有意义的)
常见搭配: What does this word mean? (这个单词是什么意思?); mean to do (打算做)
例句: What do you mean? / It was mean of him not to share.
翻译: 你是什么意思?/ 他不分享,真小气。
练习题:
1. The ______ (mean) of this symbol is peace.
2. She gave me a ______ (mean) look that made me uncomfortable.
答案与解析:
1. meaning。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. mean。解析:修饰名词“look”,用形容词,意为“不友善的眼神”。
23. alive (adj.)
词义: 活着的;有活力的
近义词: living, live
反义词: dead
词性转换: alive (adj.) ← live (v.) / life (n.)
常见搭配: keep hope alive (让希望保持鲜活); the greatest alive (在世的最伟大的)
例句: The old traditions are still alive in this village.
翻译: 古老的传统在这个村庄依然留存。
练习题:
1. He has a ______ (live) interest in history.
2. The rescue team found two people ______ (live) under the ruins.
答案与解析:
1. lively 或 living。解析:“lively”意为“活跃的,强烈的”;“living”意为“活着的,现存的”。根据句意,“lively”更佳。
2. alive。解析:作宾语补足语,修饰“people”,表示状态“还活着”,用表语形容词“alive”。
24. warmth (n.)
词义: 温暖;热情
近义词: heat, friendliness
反义词: coldness, coolness
词性转换: warmth (n.) ← warm (adj.) → warmly (adv.)
常见搭配: the warmth of the sun (太阳的温暖); greet sb. with warmth (热情地问候某人)
例句: We felt the warmth of their welcome.
翻译: 我们感受到了他们欢迎的热情。
练习题:
1. Please dress ______ (warm) in winter.
2. She has a ______ (warm) personality that attracts friends.
答案与解析:
1. warmly。解析:修饰动词“dress”,需用副词。
2. warm。解析:修饰名词“personality”,需用形容词,意为“热情的”。
25. still (adv., adj. & n.)
词义: adv. 仍然;还; adj. 静止的; n. 寂静;剧照
近义词: adv. yet; adj. motionless, quiet
反义词: adv. no longer (不再); adj. moving (移动的)
词性转换: still (adv./adj.) → stillness (n. 静止,寂静)
常见搭配: stand still (站着不动); a still night (寂静的夜晚)
例句: He is still working on his project. / The water was still and clear.
翻译: 他仍在做他的项目。/ 水静止而清澈。
练习题:
1. The ______ (still) of the forest at dawn was beautiful.
2. Keep ______ (still) while I take your photo.
答案与解析:
1. stillness。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. still。解析:动词“Keep”后接形容词作表语,意为“保持不动”。
26-31. mine, hers, yours, ours, theirs, his (pron.)
词义: 名词性物主代词(我的;她的;你的/你们的;我们的;他们的;他的)
对应形容词性物主代词: my, her, your, our, their, his
例句: This book is mine, not yours. / That room is theirs.
翻译: 这本书是我的,不是你的。/ 那个房间是他们的。
练习题: (练习转换)
1. Is this ______ (you) umbrella? No, it's not ______ (I).
2. They live in a big house. The big garden is ______ (they).
答案与解析:
1. your, mine。解析:第一空修饰名词“umbrella”,用形容词性物主代词“your”。第二空作表语,用名词性物主代词“mine”。
2. theirs。解析:作表语,用名词性物主代词“theirs”。
32. postcard (n.)
词义: 明信片
词性转换: postcard (n.),合成词(post + card)。
常见搭配: send a postcard (寄明信片)
例句: I bought a postcard with a picture of the palace.
翻译: 我买了一张印有宫殿图片的明信片。
练习题:
1. She writes ______ (postcard) to her friends when she travels.
2. I received a beautiful ______ (postcard) from Paris.
答案与解析:
1. postcards。解析:可数名词复数。
2. postcard。解析:单数名词。
33. Chinese knot (n. phrase)
词义: 中国结
常见搭配: make/weave a Chinese knot (编一个中国结)
例句: Chinese knots are often used as decorations and gifts.
翻译: 中国结常被用作装饰品和礼物。
练习题:
1. The red ______ (Chinese knot) symbolizes good luck.
2. Learning to tie ______ (Chinese knot) is fun.
答案与解析:
1. Chinese knot。解析:单数名词。
2. Chinese knots。解析:泛指“中国结”这种事物,可用复数。
34. figure (n. & v.)
词义: n. 数字;人物;体形; v. 认为;计算;出现
近义词: n. number, person, shape; v. think, calculate
词性转换: figure (n./v.) → figurative (adj. 比喻的)
常见搭配: a historical figure (历史人物); figure out (弄明白)
例句: The figure of a dragon is common in Chinese art. / I can't figure out how to do it.
翻译: 龙的形象在中国艺术中很常见。/ 我弄不明白该怎么做。
练习题:
1. The use of ______ (figure) language makes writing more vivid.
2. Please check the ______ (figure) in this report carefully.
答案与解析:
1. figurative。解析:修饰名词“language”,需用形容词,意为“比喻性的语言”。
2. figures。解析:意为“(报告中的)数字”,复数。
35. mould (英式) / mold (美式) (n. & v.)
词义: n. 模具;霉菌; v. 塑造;用模具制作;发霉
近义词: n. cast, form; v. shape, form
词性转换: mould (n./v.) → mouldy (adj. 发霉的)
常见搭配: pour clay into a mould (把黏土倒入模具)
例句: They use a mould to make identical clay figures.
翻译: 他们用模具制作一模一样的泥人。
练习题:
1. The bread went ______ (mould) because it was left out too long.
2. Education helps to ______ (mould) a child's character.
答案与解析:
1. mouldy。解析:在系动词“went”(此处相当于became)后作表语,需形容词,意为“发霉了”。
2. mould。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
36. simple (adj.)
词义: 简单的;简朴的;纯粹的
近义词: easy, plain, basic
反义词: complex, complicated, difficult
词性转换: simple (adj.) → simply (adv. 简单地;仅仅) → simplicity (n. 简单;朴素)
常见搭配: a simple life (简朴的生活); simply wonderful (简直太棒了)
例句: The design is simple but beautiful.
翻译: 设计简单却美丽。
练习题:
1. I ______ (simple) don't understand what you mean.
2. The ______ (simple) of the solution surprised everyone.
答案与解析:
1. simply。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“简直,根本”。
2. simplicity。解析:作主语,需名词。
37. outdoor (adj.)
词义: 户外的,露天的
近义词: outside, open-air
反义词: indoor (室内的)
词性转换: outdoor (adj.) → outdoors (adv. 在户外) → outdoor(s) (n. 户外活动)
常见搭配: outdoor activities (户外活动)
例句: They love outdoor sports like hiking and camping.
翻译: 他们喜欢徒步、露营之类的户外运动。
练习题:
1. The children prefer to play ______ (outdoor).
2. We had an ______ (outdoor) barbecue last weekend.
答案与解析:
1. outdoors。解析:修饰动词“play”,需用副词,意为“在户外”。
2. outdoor。解析:修饰名词“barbecue”,用形容词。
38. ordinary (adj.)
词义: 普通的,平常的
近义词: common, usual, normal
反义词: extraordinary, special, unusual
词性转换: ordinary (adj.) → ordinarily (adv. 通常地)
常见搭配: an ordinary day (平常的一天); out of the ordinary (不寻常的)
例句: He's just an ordinary person with an extraordinary dream.
翻译: 他只是一个有着非凡梦想的普通人。
练习题:
1. ______ (ordinary), he goes to bed at 10 p.m.
2. There was nothing ______ (ordinary) about her childhood.
答案与解析:
1. Ordinarily。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“通常”。
2. out-of-the-ordinary 或 extraordinary。解析:固定搭配“nothing out of the ordinary”或直接用反义词“extraordinary”,意为“没什么不寻常的”。
39. everyday (adj.)
词义: 每日的,日常的(注意:与“every day(每天,副词短语)”区分)
近义词: daily, routine
反义词: unusual, rare
词性转换: everyday (adj.),合成词。
常见搭配: everyday life (日常生活); everyday English (日常英语)
例句: This book is about everyday problems.
翻译: 这本书是关于日常问题的。
练习题:
1. I go for a walk ______ (everyday) in the morning.
2. These are ______ (everyday) shoes, not for special occasions.
答案与解析:
1. every day。解析:修饰动词“go”,作时间状语,用副词短语“every day”。
2. everyday。解析:修饰名词“shoes”,用形容词,意为“日常穿的”。
40. creative (adj.)
词义: 创造性的,有创造力的
近义词: innovative, imaginative
反义词: uncreative, unimaginative
词性转换: creative (adj.) → create (v.) → creation (n. 创造;作品) → creativity (n. 创造力)
常见搭配: creative thinking (创造性思维)
例句: She is very creative in her artwork.
翻译: 她在艺术创作上很有创造力。
练习题:
1. The artist's latest ______ (create) is a huge sculpture.
2. We need to encourage children's ______ (create).
答案与解析:
1. creation。解析:作主语,需名词,指“作品”。
2. creativity。解析:意为“创造力”,不可数名词。
41. craftsperson (n.)
词义: 工匠,手工艺人
近义词: artisan, craftsman/craftswoman
词性转换: craftsperson (n.) ← craft (n.) + -s- + person (n.)
常见搭配: a skilled craftsperson (技艺娴熟的工匠)
例句: The craftsperson spent months carving the wooden figure.
翻译: 这位工匠花了几个月雕刻那个木像。
练习题:
1. Many ______ (craftsperson) in this town make a living from pottery.
2. The ______ (craft) of making these tools has been passed down for generations.
答案与解析:
1. craftspeople 或 craftspersons。解析:可数名词复数。
2. craft。解析:意为“手艺,工艺”,不可数名词。
42. respect (v. & n.)
词义: v./n. 尊敬,尊重
近义词: v./n. honour, esteem
反义词: v./n. disrespect
词性转换: respect (v./n.) → respectable (adj. 值得尊敬的) → respectful (adj. 表示尊敬的) → respective (adj. 各自的)
常见搭配: respect the elderly (尊敬长者); have respect for (对…有敬意)
例句: We should respect different cultures. / He is a man who commands respect.
翻译: 我们应该尊重不同的文化。/ 他是个令人肃然起敬的人。
练习题:
1. She comes from a ______ (respect) family.
2. The students listened to the teacher ______ (respect).
答案与解析:
1. respectable。解析:修饰名词“family”,需用形容词,意为“体面的,令人尊敬的家庭”。
2. respectfully。解析:修饰动词“listened”,需用副词,意为“恭敬地”。
43. spirit (n.)
词义: 精神;心灵;灵魂;情绪
近义词: soul, mind, mood
反义词: body, flesh (肉体)
词性转换: spirit (n.) → spiritual (adj. 精神的,心灵的) → spirited (adj. 精神饱满的)
常见搭配: in high/low spirits (情绪高涨/低落); team spirit (团队精神)
例句: The spirit of the craftsperson is in every piece of work.
翻译: 工匠的精神体现在每一件作品中。
练习题:
1. She is a very ______ (spirit) and optimistic person.
2. Many people find ______ (spirit) comfort in religion.
答案与解析:
1. spirited。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“精神饱满的”。
2. spiritual。解析:修饰名词“comfort”,需用形容词,意为“精神上的慰藉”。
44. handicraft (n.)
词义: 手工艺品;手工艺
近义词: craft, handiwork
反义词: machine-made product (机器制品)
词性转换: handicraft (n.),合成词(hand + i + craft)。
常见搭配: make/sell handicrafts (制作/销售手工艺品)
例句: This market sells local handicrafts.
翻译: 这个市场出售当地的手工艺品。
练习题:
1. ______ (handicraft) skills are often taught within families.
2. She enjoys making small ______ (handicraft) as gifts.
答案与解析:
1. Handicraft。解析:修饰名词“skills”,用名词作定语。
2. handicrafts。解析:可数名词复数。
45. basic (adj.)
词义: 基本的,基础的
近义词: fundamental, essential, simple
反义词: advanced, complex
词性转换: basic (adj.) → basics (n. 基础知识) → basically (adv. 基本上)
常见搭配: basic skills/knowledge (基本技能/知识)
例句: First, you need to learn the basic techniques.
翻译: 首先,你需要学习基本技巧。
练习题:
1. ______ (basic), I agree with your plan.
2. This course will teach you the ______ (basic) of cooking.
答案与解析:
1. Basically。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“基本上”。
2. basics。解析:作宾语,需名词,常用复数形式。
46. cultural (adj.)
词义: 文化的
词性转换: cultural (adj.) ← culture (n.) → culturally (adv.)
常见搭配: cultural differences (文化差异); cultural heritage (文化遗产)
例句: There will be a cultural exchange performance next week.
翻译: 下周将有一场文化交流演出。
练习题:
1. We should learn about the ______ (culture) of other countries.
2. The city is ______ (culture) very diverse.
答案与解析:
1. cultures。解析:意为“其他国家的文化”,可数名词复数。
2. culturally。解析:修饰形容词“diverse”,需用副词。
47. value (n. & v.)
词义: n. 价值;价值观; v. 珍视,重视;估价
近义词: n. worth, importance; v. treasure, appreciate
反义词: v. undervalue, disregard (低估,轻视)
词性转换: value (n./v.) → valuable (adj. 有价值的) → valueless/worthless (adj. 无价值的)
常见搭配: cultural value (文化价值); value friendship (珍视友谊)
例句: These old teacups have both historical and artistic value. / I value your advice.
翻译: 这些旧茶杯兼具历史和艺术价值。/ 我很重视你的建议。
练习题:
1. This necklace is very ______ (value) to me.
2. They found some ______ (value) paintings in the attic.
答案与解析:
1. valuable。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“珍贵的”。
2. valuable。解析:修饰名词“paintings”,需用形容词,意为“有价值的”。
48. inkstick (n.)
词义: 墨锭(中国传统书画用墨)
词性转换: inkstick (n.),合成词(ink + stick)。相关词:ink (n. 墨水), inkstone (n. 砚台)。
常见搭配: grind an inkstick (研墨)
例句: Traditional Chinese painters often use an inkstick and an inkstone.
翻译: 传统的中国画家经常使用墨锭和砚台。
练习题:
1. He needs to buy some new ______ (ink) for his calligraphy.
2. Rubbing the ______ (inkstick) with water produces ink.
答案与解析:
1. ink。解析:泛指“墨水”,不可数名词。
2. inkstick。解析:单数名词。
49. among (prep.)
词义: 在…中间(通常指三者或以上);是…之一
近义词: amongst, between (两者之间)
反义词: outside of
词性转换: 介词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: among friends (在朋友中间); one among many (众多之一)
例句: The house is hidden among the pine trees.
翻译: 房子隐藏在松树林中。
练习题:
1. She was sitting ______ (among) her classmates.
2. This is ______ (among) the best books I've ever read.
答案与解析:
1. among。解析:指在多位同学中间。
2. among。解析:固定用法,意为“是…中之一”。
50. largely (adv.)
词义: 主要地;很大程度上
近义词: mainly, mostly, primarily
反义词: slightly, minimally
词性转换: largely (adv.) ← large (adj.)
常见搭配: be largely responsible for (对…负主要责任)
例句: The success of the project is largely due to teamwork.
翻译: 项目的成功很大程度上归功于团队合作。
练习题:
1. The audience was ______ (large) made up of young people.
2. He comes from a ______ (large) family with six children.
答案与解析:
1. largely。解析:修饰过去分词“made up”,需用副词。
2. large。解析:修饰名词“family”,用形容词,意为“大家庭”。
51. painter (n.)
词义: 画家;油漆工
近义词: artist
词性转换: painter (n.) ← paint (v./n.) → painting (n. 绘画;油画)
常见搭配: a landscape painter (风景画家)
例句: The famous painter used ink and wash to create his landscape.
翻译: 这位著名的画家用墨水和水墨创作了他的风景画。
练习题:
1. She is learning ______ (paint) at an art school.
2. The walls need a fresh coat of ______ (paint).
答案与解析:
1. painting。解析:意为“学习绘画”,动名词/名词。
2. paint。解析:意为“油漆”,不可数名词。
52. pine (n. & v.)
词义: n. 松树;松木; v. 渴望,苦苦思念
近义词: n. 无直接近义; v. long for, yearn for
反义词: v. detest (厌恶)
词性转换: pine (n./v.) → pinewood (n. 松木) → pining (n./adj. 渴望的)
常见搭配: a pine tree (松树); pine for (渴望,思念)
例句: The pine is a common tree in Chinese paintings.
翻译: 松树是中国画中常见的树木。
练习题:
1. The furniture is made of solid ______ (pine).
2. She was ______ (pine) for her hometown while living abroad.
答案与解析:
1. pine。解析:物质名词,不可数。
2. pining。解析:过去进行时“was/were + doing”。
53. main (adj.)
词义: 主要的,最重要的
近义词: major, chief, primary
反义词: minor, secondary (次要的)
词性转换: main (adj.) → mainly (adv.) → mainland (n. 大陆)
常见搭配: the main reason (主要原因); in the main (大体上)
例句: What is the main idea of this paragraph?
翻译: 这一段的主要思想是什么?
练习题:
1. ______ (main), I want to talk about safety issues.
2. The ______ (main) of the story takes place in Paris.
答案与解析:
1. Mainly。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“主要”。
2. main part 或 bulk。解析:“main”是形容词,不能单独作主语。应改为“The main part of…”或“The bulk of…”。原题有误,旨在提醒学生“main”是形容词。
54. itself (pron.)
词义: (它) 自己 (反身代词)
词性转换: 反身代词。
常见搭配: by itself (自动地;单独地); speak for itself (不言而喻)
例句: The machine can turn off by itself.
翻译: 机器可以自动关闭。
练习题:
1. The cat was washing ______ (it) in the sun.
2. The problem will not solve ______ (it); we need to do something.
答案与解析:
1. itself。解析:主语“The cat”是动物,可用“it”指代,反身代词为“itself”。
2. itself。解析:固定搭配“solve itself”(自行解决)。
55. quality (n. & adj.)
词义: n. 质量;品质;特性; adj. 优质的,高质量的
近义词: n. standard, characteristic; adj. high-quality
反义词: n. quantity (数量)
词性转换: quality (n./adj.) → qualify (v. 使具有资格) → qualification (n. 资格)
常见搭配: high quality (高质量); quality time (优质时间,亲子时光)
例句: We focus on the quality of our products, not just the quantity. / This is a quality product.
翻译: 我们注重产品的质量,而不仅仅是数量。/ 这是一个优质产品。
练习题:
1. His experience ______ (quality) him for the job.
2. She has all the right ______ (quality) to be a good leader.
答案与解析:
1. qualifies。解析:主语“experience”是单数,谓语动词用单三形式,意为“使他有资格”。
2. qualifications 或 qualities。解析:“qualifications”指“资质,资格证书”;“qualities”指“品质,特质”。根据句意“成为一名好领导的特质”,“qualities”更贴切。
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