Unit 4 单词表教师词汇备课 2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册

2026-02-08
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 Unit 4 Chinese folk art
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2026-02-08
更新时间 2026-02-08
作者 匿名
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审核时间 2026-02-08
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译林版七年级下册 Unit 4 单词表 教师备课材料 1. folk (adj. & n.) 词义: adj. 民间的; n. 人们(复数概念) 近义词: adj. traditional, ethnic; n. people 反义词: adj. modern, contemporary 词性转换: folk (adj./n.) → folklore (n. 民间传说) → folksy (adj. 淳朴的,民间风味的) 常见搭配: folk music/art (民间音乐/艺术); old folks (老人们) 例句: She is interested in Chinese folk stories. 翻译: 她对中国民间故事感兴趣。 练习题: 1. The museum has a rich collection of ______ (folk) costumes. 2. ______ (folk) from all over the world visit this place. 答案与解析: 1. folk。解析:修饰名词“costumes”,用形容词,意为“民间服饰”。 2. Folks。解析:作句子主语,指“人们”,通常用复数形式。 2. china (n.) 词义: 瓷器(注意:小写c) 近义词: porcelain 词性转换: china (n.) → chinaware (n. 瓷器总称) 常见搭配: a piece of china (一件瓷器); a china teapot (瓷茶壶) 例句: This delicate cup is made of fine china. 翻译: 这个精美的杯子由上等瓷器制成。 练习题: 1. She collects blue and white ______ (china). 2. Please handle the ______ (china) with care; it's fragile. 答案与解析: 1. china。解析:意为“青花瓷器”,不可数名词。 2. chinaware 或 china。解析:泛指“瓷器”,作宾语。 3. clay (n.) 词义: 黏土 近义词: mud, earth 词性转换: clay (n.) → clayey (adj. 黏土质的) 常见搭配: model/pottery clay (塑造/陶土) 例句: The potter shaped the wet clay on the wheel. 翻译: 陶工在转轮上塑形湿黏土。 练习题: 1. The soil in this area is very ______ (clay). 2. Bricks are often made from baked ______ (clay). 答案与解析: 1. clayey。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,描述土壤性质。 2. clay。解析:介词“from”后接名词,物质名词不可数。 4. teapot (n.) 词义: 茶壶 词性转换: teapot (n.),合成词(tea + pot)。 常见搭配: a ceramic teapot (陶瓷茶壶); pour from a teapot (从茶壶倒水) 例句: The teapot is filled with hot water and tea leaves. 翻译: 茶壶里装满了热水和茶叶。 练习题: 1. She served the tea in a beautiful ______ (teapot). 2. Could you pass me the ______ (teapot), please? 答案与解析: 1. teapot。 2. teapot。 5. taste (n.) (此处侧重“品味,鉴赏力”) 词义: n. 味道;品味,鉴赏力; v. 品尝 近义词: n. flavor; judgment, style 反义词: n. tastelessness (无品味) 词性转换: taste (n./v.) → tasteful (adj. 有品味的) → tasteless (adj. 无品味的) 常见搭配: have good taste in art (对艺术有很好的鉴赏力) 例句: Her choice of furniture shows her excellent taste. 翻译: 她对家具的选择显示了她极佳的品味。 练习题: 1. The room was decorated in a ______ (taste) manner. 2. His comments were rather ______ (taste) and offended people. 答案与解析: 1. tasteful。解析:修饰名词“manner”,需用形容词,意为“有品位的”。 2. tasteless。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“庸俗的,不得体的”。 6. woodcarving (n.) 词义: 木雕;木雕工艺 词性转换: woodcarving (n.) ← carve (v. 雕刻) + wood (n.) + -ing (后缀) 常见搭配: a skill in woodcarving (木雕技艺) 例句: The intricate woodcarving on the door is over 100 years old. 翻译: 门上复杂的木雕已有百年历史。 练习题: 1. He learned the art of ______ (woodcarving) from his grandfather. 2. The artist ______ (carve) a beautiful bird out of a piece of wood. 答案与解析: 1. woodcarving。解析:介词“of”后接名词或动名词。 2. carved。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。 7. even (adv. & adj.) 词义: adv. 甚至;即使;更加; adj. 平坦的;均匀的 近义词: adv. surprisingly; adj. flat, smooth 反义词: adj. uneven (不平坦的) 词性转换: even (adv./adj.) → evenly (adv. 均匀地) → evenness (n. 平坦;均匀) 常见搭配: even if/though (即使); spread evenly (均匀涂抹) 例句: Even a child can understand this. / Make sure the surface is even. 翻译: 甚至连孩子都能理解这个。/ 确保表面是平坦的。 练习题: 1. Please cut the cake into ______ (even) pieces. 2. The ______ (even) of his breathing showed he was asleep. 答案与解析: 1. even。解析:修饰名词“pieces”,用形容词,意为“均匀的”。 2. evenness。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“呼吸的均匀”。 8. carve (v.) 词义: 雕刻;切(肉) 近义词: sculpt, engrave, cut 词性转换: carve (v.) → carving (n. 雕刻品) → carver (n. 雕刻师) 常见搭配: carve sth. out of/from wood/stone (用木头/石头雕刻某物) 例句: He carved his initials on the tree. 翻译: 他把名字的首字母刻在树上。 练习题: 1. This beautiful statue is the work of a master ______ (carve). 2. The Thanksgiving turkey needs to be ______ (carve) at the table. 答案与解析: 1. carver。解析:意为“雕刻大师”,表示人。 2. carved。解析:被动语态“needs to be + 过去分词”,意为“需要被切分”。 9. scene (n.) 词义: 场景;景色;现场 近义词: view, sight, setting 词性转换: scene (n.) → scenic (adj. 风景优美的) 常见搭配: a beautiful scene (美丽的景色); behind the scenes (幕后) 例句: The painting shows a peaceful country scene. 翻译: 这幅画描绘了一个宁静的乡村景色。 练习题: 1. We drove along the most ______ (scene) route. 2. The police quickly arrived at the ______ (scene) of the accident. 答案与解析: 1. scenic。解析:修饰名词“route”,需用形容词,意为“风景优美的路线”。 2. scene。解析:固定搭配“the scene of the accident”(事故现场)。 10. craft (n. & v.) 词义: n. 工艺;手艺;船/飞机; v. 精心制作 近义词: n. skill, handicraft; v. make, create 词性转换: craft (n./v.) → craftsman/craftswoman (n. 工匠) → crafty (adj. 狡猾的) 常见搭配: traditional craft (传统工艺); a craft fair (手工艺品集市) 例句: Making Chinese knots requires great craft. / She crafted a story from her childhood memories. 翻译: 编中国结需要高超的手艺。/ 她用童年的记忆精心构思了一个故事。 练习题: 1. He is a skilled ______ (craft) in woodworking. 2. She showed great ______ (craft) in solving the problem. 答案与解析: 1. craftsman。解析:意为“熟练的工匠”,表示人。 2. craft。解析:此处意为“技巧,手腕”,不可数名词。 11. quickly (adv.) 词义: 迅速地,很快地 近义词: fast, rapidly, swiftly 反义词: slowly 词性转换: quickly (adv.) ← quick (adj.) → quickness (n. 迅速) 常见搭配: learn quickly (学得快); react quickly (反应迅速) 例句: Time passes quickly when you are having fun. 翻译: 当你玩得开心时,时间过得飞快。 练习题: 1. We need a ______ (quick) decision. 2. The ______ (quick) of his movements surprised everyone. 答案与解析: 1. quick。解析:修饰名词“decision”,需用形容词,意为“快速的决定”。 2. quickness。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“他动作的迅速”。 12. scissors (n.) 词义: 剪刀(常用复数) 近义词: shears 词性转换: scissors (n. pl.) → scissor (v. 剪,少用) 常见搭配: a pair of scissors (一把剪刀) 例句: Can you pass me the scissors? I need to cut this paper. 翻译: 能把剪刀递给我吗?我需要剪这张纸。 练习题: 1. These ______ (scissor) aren't sharp enough. 2. I need to ______ (scissor) out this picture from the magazine. 答案与解析: 1. scissors。解析:主语是复数,谓语“aren't”是复数形式。 2. scissor 或 cut。解析:情态动词“need to”后接动词原形。动词“scissor”较少用,更常用“cut out”。 13. knife (n. & v.) 词义: n. 刀; v. 用刀切(或刺) 近义词: n. blade; v. cut, stab 词性转换: knife (n./v.) → knives (pl.) 常见搭配: a kitchen knife (菜刀); knife and fork (刀叉) 例句: Be careful with that sharp knife. 翻译: 小心那把锋利的刀。 练习题: 1. The chef uses several different ______ (knife) for cooking. 2. He was ______ (knife) in the leg during the fight. 答案与解析: 1. knives。解析:可数名词复数。 2. knifed。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”,意为“被刀刺中”。 14. add (v.) 词义: 增加;添加;补充说 近义词: include, put in, supplement 反义词: subtract, remove (减去,移除) 词性转换: add (v.) → addition (n. 增加;加法) → additional (adj. 额外的) → additive (n. 添加剂) 常见搭配: add sugar to coffee (给咖啡加糖); add up (加起来) 例句: Add some salt to the soup and practise tasting it. 翻译: 往汤里加些盐,然后练习品尝。 练习题: 1. There is an ______ (add) charge for luggage. 2. The ______ (add) of a new room made the house bigger. 答案与解析: 1. additional。解析:修饰名词“charge”,需用形容词,意为“额外的费用”。 2. addition。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“增加(一个房间)”。 15. practise (英式) / practice (美式) (v. & n.) 词义: v. 练习;实践; n. 练习;惯例 近义词: v. train, exercise; n. training, custom 反义词: v. neglect (忽视练习) 词性转换: practise (v.) → practice (n.) → practical (adj. 实际的;实用的) → practitioner (n. 从业者) 常见搭配: practise doing sth. (练习做某事); put into practice (付诸实践) 例句: You need to practise speaking English every day. 翻译: 你需要每天练习说英语。 练习题: 1. She is a medical ______ (practise). 2. His idea sounds good, but is it ______ (practise)? 答案与解析: 1. practitioner。解析:意为“医学从业者(医生)”,表示人。 2. practical。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“可行的,实用的”。 16. landscape (n. & v.) 词义: n. 风景,景色;风景画; v. 对…做景观美化 近义词: n. scenery, view 词性转换: landscape (n./v.) → landscaping (n. 景观美化) 常见搭配: a beautiful landscape (美丽的风景); a landscape painter (风景画家) 例句: The landscape of Guilin is famous all over the world. 翻译: 桂林的风景世界闻名。 练习题: 1. They hired a company to do the ______ (landscape) for their new garden. 2. He specializes in ______ (landscape) photography. 答案与解析: 1. landscaping。解析:意为“景观美化(工作)”,不可数名词。 2. landscape。解析:修饰名词“photography”,用名词作定语,意为“风景摄影”。 17. paper-cut (n.) 词义: 剪纸 词性转换: paper-cut (n.),合成词。动词短语为“cut paper”。 常见搭配: a paper-cut artwork (剪纸艺术品) 例句: Paper-cut is a traditional Chinese folk art. 翻译: 剪纸是中国传统的民间艺术。 练习题: 1. The window was decorated with red ______ (paper-cut). 2. She enjoys ______ (cut) paper into beautiful shapes. 答案与解析: 1. paper-cuts。解析:可数名词,此处用复数。 2. cutting。解析:动词“enjoys”后接动名词“doing”。 18. express (v. & adj.) 词义: v. 表达;表示; adj. 快速的;明确的 近义词: v. show, convey; adj. fast, explicit 反义词: v. suppress (压制); adj. slow (慢的) 词性转换: express (v./adj.) → expression (n. 表达;表情) → expressive (adj. 富有表现力的) 常见搭配: express oneself (表达自己); an express train (特快列车) 例句: It's hard to express my happiness in words. 翻译: 我难以用言语表达我的快乐。 练习题: 1. Her face was very ______ (express) when she told the story. 2. Freedom of ______ (express) is important in a democracy. 答案与解析: 1. expressive。解析:在系动词“was”后作表语,需形容词,意为“富有表情的”。 2. expression。解析:固定短语“freedom of expression”(言论自由)。 19. happiness (n.) 词义: 快乐,幸福 近义词: joy, delight 反义词: sadness, unhappiness 词性转换: happiness (n.) ← happy (adj.) → happily (adv.) 常见搭配: find happiness (找到幸福); wish you happiness (祝你幸福) 例句: Money doesn't always bring happiness. 翻译: 金钱并不总能带来幸福。 练习题: 1. The children were playing ______ (happiness) in the garden. 2. We all want to live a ______ (happiness) life. 答案与解析: 1. happily。解析:修饰动词“were playing”,需用副词。 2. happy。解析:修饰名词“life”,需用形容词。 20. couple (n.) 词义: 一对,一双;夫妇;几个 近义词: pair, two, a few 词性转换: couple (n.) → coupled (adj. 连接的,常与“with”连用) 常见搭配: a couple of (两个;几个); a married couple (一对夫妇) 例句: The young couple are saving money for their wedding. 翻译: 这对年轻夫妇正在为他们的婚礼存钱。 练习题: 1. His intelligence, ______ (couple) with hard work, led to his success. 2. I'll be back in a ______ (couple) of minutes. 答案与解析: 1. coupled。解析:过去分词短语作状语,意为“加上,与…结合”。 2. couple。解析:固定搭配“a couple of”。 21. hand (n. & v.) 词义: n. 手;指针;帮助; v. 交,递 近义词: n. palm; v. give, pass 反义词: v. take (拿) 词性转换: hand (n./v.) → handful (n. 一把;少量) → handy (adj. 方便的) 常见搭配: give sb. a hand (帮助某人); hand in (上交) 例句: She has a natural hand for craft. 翻译: 她做手工艺很有天赋。 练习题: 1. Could you ______ (hand) me that book, please? 2. This tool is very ______ (hand) for fixing things. 答案与解析: 1. hand。解析:情态动词“Could you”后接动词原形。 2. handy。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“方便的”。 22. mean (v. & adj.) 词义: v. 意思是;意味着;打算; adj. 吝啬的;卑鄙的;平均的 近义词: v. signify, intend; adj. stingy, unkind, average 反义词: adj. generous (慷慨的); kind (善良的) 词性转换: mean (v./adj.) → meaning (n. 意义) → meaningful (adj. 有意义的) 常见搭配: What does this word mean? (这个单词是什么意思?); mean to do (打算做) 例句: What do you mean? / It was mean of him not to share. 翻译: 你是什么意思?/ 他不分享,真小气。 练习题: 1. The ______ (mean) of this symbol is peace. 2. She gave me a ______ (mean) look that made me uncomfortable. 答案与解析: 1. meaning。解析:作主语,需名词。 2. mean。解析:修饰名词“look”,用形容词,意为“不友善的眼神”。 23. alive (adj.) 词义: 活着的;有活力的 近义词: living, live 反义词: dead 词性转换: alive (adj.) ← live (v.) / life (n.) 常见搭配: keep hope alive (让希望保持鲜活); the greatest alive (在世的最伟大的) 例句: The old traditions are still alive in this village. 翻译: 古老的传统在这个村庄依然留存。 练习题: 1. He has a ______ (live) interest in history. 2. The rescue team found two people ______ (live) under the ruins. 答案与解析: 1. lively 或 living。解析:“lively”意为“活跃的,强烈的”;“living”意为“活着的,现存的”。根据句意,“lively”更佳。 2. alive。解析:作宾语补足语,修饰“people”,表示状态“还活着”,用表语形容词“alive”。 24. warmth (n.) 词义: 温暖;热情 近义词: heat, friendliness 反义词: coldness, coolness 词性转换: warmth (n.) ← warm (adj.) → warmly (adv.) 常见搭配: the warmth of the sun (太阳的温暖); greet sb. with warmth (热情地问候某人) 例句: We felt the warmth of their welcome. 翻译: 我们感受到了他们欢迎的热情。 练习题: 1. Please dress ______ (warm) in winter. 2. She has a ______ (warm) personality that attracts friends. 答案与解析: 1. warmly。解析:修饰动词“dress”,需用副词。 2. warm。解析:修饰名词“personality”,需用形容词,意为“热情的”。 25. still (adv., adj. & n.) 词义: adv. 仍然;还; adj. 静止的; n. 寂静;剧照 近义词: adv. yet; adj. motionless, quiet 反义词: adv. no longer (不再); adj. moving (移动的) 词性转换: still (adv./adj.) → stillness (n. 静止,寂静) 常见搭配: stand still (站着不动); a still night (寂静的夜晚) 例句: He is still working on his project. / The water was still and clear. 翻译: 他仍在做他的项目。/ 水静止而清澈。 练习题: 1. The ______ (still) of the forest at dawn was beautiful. 2. Keep ______ (still) while I take your photo. 答案与解析: 1. stillness。解析:作主语,需名词。 2. still。解析:动词“Keep”后接形容词作表语,意为“保持不动”。 26-31. mine, hers, yours, ours, theirs, his (pron.) 词义: 名词性物主代词(我的;她的;你的/你们的;我们的;他们的;他的) 对应形容词性物主代词: my, her, your, our, their, his 例句: This book is mine, not yours. / That room is theirs. 翻译: 这本书是我的,不是你的。/ 那个房间是他们的。 练习题: (练习转换) 1. Is this ______ (you) umbrella? No, it's not ______ (I). 2. They live in a big house. The big garden is ______ (they). 答案与解析: 1. your, mine。解析:第一空修饰名词“umbrella”,用形容词性物主代词“your”。第二空作表语,用名词性物主代词“mine”。 2. theirs。解析:作表语,用名词性物主代词“theirs”。 32. postcard (n.) 词义: 明信片 词性转换: postcard (n.),合成词(post + card)。 常见搭配: send a postcard (寄明信片) 例句: I bought a postcard with a picture of the palace. 翻译: 我买了一张印有宫殿图片的明信片。 练习题: 1. She writes ______ (postcard) to her friends when she travels. 2. I received a beautiful ______ (postcard) from Paris. 答案与解析: 1. postcards。解析:可数名词复数。 2. postcard。解析:单数名词。 33. Chinese knot (n. phrase) 词义: 中国结 常见搭配: make/weave a Chinese knot (编一个中国结) 例句: Chinese knots are often used as decorations and gifts. 翻译: 中国结常被用作装饰品和礼物。 练习题: 1. The red ______ (Chinese knot) symbolizes good luck. 2. Learning to tie ______ (Chinese knot) is fun. 答案与解析: 1. Chinese knot。解析:单数名词。 2. Chinese knots。解析:泛指“中国结”这种事物,可用复数。 34. figure (n. & v.) 词义: n. 数字;人物;体形; v. 认为;计算;出现 近义词: n. number, person, shape; v. think, calculate 词性转换: figure (n./v.) → figurative (adj. 比喻的) 常见搭配: a historical figure (历史人物); figure out (弄明白) 例句: The figure of a dragon is common in Chinese art. / I can't figure out how to do it. 翻译: 龙的形象在中国艺术中很常见。/ 我弄不明白该怎么做。 练习题: 1. The use of ______ (figure) language makes writing more vivid. 2. Please check the ______ (figure) in this report carefully. 答案与解析: 1. figurative。解析:修饰名词“language”,需用形容词,意为“比喻性的语言”。 2. figures。解析:意为“(报告中的)数字”,复数。 35. mould (英式) / mold (美式) (n. & v.) 词义: n. 模具;霉菌; v. 塑造;用模具制作;发霉 近义词: n. cast, form; v. shape, form 词性转换: mould (n./v.) → mouldy (adj. 发霉的) 常见搭配: pour clay into a mould (把黏土倒入模具) 例句: They use a mould to make identical clay figures. 翻译: 他们用模具制作一模一样的泥人。 练习题: 1. The bread went ______ (mould) because it was left out too long. 2. Education helps to ______ (mould) a child's character. 答案与解析: 1. mouldy。解析:在系动词“went”(此处相当于became)后作表语,需形容词,意为“发霉了”。 2. mould。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 36. simple (adj.) 词义: 简单的;简朴的;纯粹的 近义词: easy, plain, basic 反义词: complex, complicated, difficult 词性转换: simple (adj.) → simply (adv. 简单地;仅仅) → simplicity (n. 简单;朴素) 常见搭配: a simple life (简朴的生活); simply wonderful (简直太棒了) 例句: The design is simple but beautiful. 翻译: 设计简单却美丽。 练习题: 1. I ______ (simple) don't understand what you mean. 2. The ______ (simple) of the solution surprised everyone. 答案与解析: 1. simply。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“简直,根本”。 2. simplicity。解析:作主语,需名词。 37. outdoor (adj.) 词义: 户外的,露天的 近义词: outside, open-air 反义词: indoor (室内的) 词性转换: outdoor (adj.) → outdoors (adv. 在户外) → outdoor(s) (n. 户外活动) 常见搭配: outdoor activities (户外活动) 例句: They love outdoor sports like hiking and camping. 翻译: 他们喜欢徒步、露营之类的户外运动。 练习题: 1. The children prefer to play ______ (outdoor). 2. We had an ______ (outdoor) barbecue last weekend. 答案与解析: 1. outdoors。解析:修饰动词“play”,需用副词,意为“在户外”。 2. outdoor。解析:修饰名词“barbecue”,用形容词。 38. ordinary (adj.) 词义: 普通的,平常的 近义词: common, usual, normal 反义词: extraordinary, special, unusual 词性转换: ordinary (adj.) → ordinarily (adv. 通常地) 常见搭配: an ordinary day (平常的一天); out of the ordinary (不寻常的) 例句: He's just an ordinary person with an extraordinary dream. 翻译: 他只是一个有着非凡梦想的普通人。 练习题: 1. ______ (ordinary), he goes to bed at 10 p.m. 2. There was nothing ______ (ordinary) about her childhood. 答案与解析: 1. Ordinarily。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“通常”。 2. out-of-the-ordinary 或 extraordinary。解析:固定搭配“nothing out of the ordinary”或直接用反义词“extraordinary”,意为“没什么不寻常的”。 39. everyday (adj.) 词义: 每日的,日常的(注意:与“every day(每天,副词短语)”区分) 近义词: daily, routine 反义词: unusual, rare 词性转换: everyday (adj.),合成词。 常见搭配: everyday life (日常生活); everyday English (日常英语) 例句: This book is about everyday problems. 翻译: 这本书是关于日常问题的。 练习题: 1. I go for a walk ______ (everyday) in the morning. 2. These are ______ (everyday) shoes, not for special occasions. 答案与解析: 1. every day。解析:修饰动词“go”,作时间状语,用副词短语“every day”。 2. everyday。解析:修饰名词“shoes”,用形容词,意为“日常穿的”。 40. creative (adj.) 词义: 创造性的,有创造力的 近义词: innovative, imaginative 反义词: uncreative, unimaginative 词性转换: creative (adj.) → create (v.) → creation (n. 创造;作品) → creativity (n. 创造力) 常见搭配: creative thinking (创造性思维) 例句: She is very creative in her artwork. 翻译: 她在艺术创作上很有创造力。 练习题: 1. The artist's latest ______ (create) is a huge sculpture. 2. We need to encourage children's ______ (create). 答案与解析: 1. creation。解析:作主语,需名词,指“作品”。 2. creativity。解析:意为“创造力”,不可数名词。 41. craftsperson (n.) 词义: 工匠,手工艺人 近义词: artisan, craftsman/craftswoman 词性转换: craftsperson (n.) ← craft (n.) + -s- + person (n.) 常见搭配: a skilled craftsperson (技艺娴熟的工匠) 例句: The craftsperson spent months carving the wooden figure. 翻译: 这位工匠花了几个月雕刻那个木像。 练习题: 1. Many ______ (craftsperson) in this town make a living from pottery. 2. The ______ (craft) of making these tools has been passed down for generations. 答案与解析: 1. craftspeople 或 craftspersons。解析:可数名词复数。 2. craft。解析:意为“手艺,工艺”,不可数名词。 42. respect (v. & n.) 词义: v./n. 尊敬,尊重 近义词: v./n. honour, esteem 反义词: v./n. disrespect 词性转换: respect (v./n.) → respectable (adj. 值得尊敬的) → respectful (adj. 表示尊敬的) → respective (adj. 各自的) 常见搭配: respect the elderly (尊敬长者); have respect for (对…有敬意) 例句: We should respect different cultures. / He is a man who commands respect. 翻译: 我们应该尊重不同的文化。/ 他是个令人肃然起敬的人。 练习题: 1. She comes from a ______ (respect) family. 2. The students listened to the teacher ______ (respect). 答案与解析: 1. respectable。解析:修饰名词“family”,需用形容词,意为“体面的,令人尊敬的家庭”。 2. respectfully。解析:修饰动词“listened”,需用副词,意为“恭敬地”。 43. spirit (n.) 词义: 精神;心灵;灵魂;情绪 近义词: soul, mind, mood 反义词: body, flesh (肉体) 词性转换: spirit (n.) → spiritual (adj. 精神的,心灵的) → spirited (adj. 精神饱满的) 常见搭配: in high/low spirits (情绪高涨/低落); team spirit (团队精神) 例句: The spirit of the craftsperson is in every piece of work. 翻译: 工匠的精神体现在每一件作品中。 练习题: 1. She is a very ______ (spirit) and optimistic person. 2. Many people find ______ (spirit) comfort in religion. 答案与解析: 1. spirited。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“精神饱满的”。 2. spiritual。解析:修饰名词“comfort”,需用形容词,意为“精神上的慰藉”。 44. handicraft (n.) 词义: 手工艺品;手工艺 近义词: craft, handiwork 反义词: machine-made product (机器制品) 词性转换: handicraft (n.),合成词(hand + i + craft)。 常见搭配: make/sell handicrafts (制作/销售手工艺品) 例句: This market sells local handicrafts. 翻译: 这个市场出售当地的手工艺品。 练习题: 1. ______ (handicraft) skills are often taught within families. 2. She enjoys making small ______ (handicraft) as gifts. 答案与解析: 1. Handicraft。解析:修饰名词“skills”,用名词作定语。 2. handicrafts。解析:可数名词复数。 45. basic (adj.) 词义: 基本的,基础的 近义词: fundamental, essential, simple 反义词: advanced, complex 词性转换: basic (adj.) → basics (n. 基础知识) → basically (adv. 基本上) 常见搭配: basic skills/knowledge (基本技能/知识) 例句: First, you need to learn the basic techniques. 翻译: 首先,你需要学习基本技巧。 练习题: 1. ______ (basic), I agree with your plan. 2. This course will teach you the ______ (basic) of cooking. 答案与解析: 1. Basically。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“基本上”。 2. basics。解析:作宾语,需名词,常用复数形式。 46. cultural (adj.) 词义: 文化的 词性转换: cultural (adj.) ← culture (n.) → culturally (adv.) 常见搭配: cultural differences (文化差异); cultural heritage (文化遗产) 例句: There will be a cultural exchange performance next week. 翻译: 下周将有一场文化交流演出。 练习题: 1. We should learn about the ______ (culture) of other countries. 2. The city is ______ (culture) very diverse. 答案与解析: 1. cultures。解析:意为“其他国家的文化”,可数名词复数。 2. culturally。解析:修饰形容词“diverse”,需用副词。 47. value (n. & v.) 词义: n. 价值;价值观; v. 珍视,重视;估价 近义词: n. worth, importance; v. treasure, appreciate 反义词: v. undervalue, disregard (低估,轻视) 词性转换: value (n./v.) → valuable (adj. 有价值的) → valueless/worthless (adj. 无价值的) 常见搭配: cultural value (文化价值); value friendship (珍视友谊) 例句: These old teacups have both historical and artistic value. / I value your advice. 翻译: 这些旧茶杯兼具历史和艺术价值。/ 我很重视你的建议。 练习题: 1. This necklace is very ______ (value) to me. 2. They found some ______ (value) paintings in the attic. 答案与解析: 1. valuable。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“珍贵的”。 2. valuable。解析:修饰名词“paintings”,需用形容词,意为“有价值的”。 48. inkstick (n.) 词义: 墨锭(中国传统书画用墨) 词性转换: inkstick (n.),合成词(ink + stick)。相关词:ink (n. 墨水), inkstone (n. 砚台)。 常见搭配: grind an inkstick (研墨) 例句: Traditional Chinese painters often use an inkstick and an inkstone. 翻译: 传统的中国画家经常使用墨锭和砚台。 练习题: 1. He needs to buy some new ______ (ink) for his calligraphy. 2. Rubbing the ______ (inkstick) with water produces ink. 答案与解析: 1. ink。解析:泛指“墨水”,不可数名词。 2. inkstick。解析:单数名词。 49. among (prep.) 词义: 在…中间(通常指三者或以上);是…之一 近义词: amongst, between (两者之间) 反义词: outside of 词性转换: 介词,无词性转换。 常见搭配: among friends (在朋友中间); one among many (众多之一) 例句: The house is hidden among the pine trees. 翻译: 房子隐藏在松树林中。 练习题: 1. She was sitting ______ (among) her classmates. 2. This is ______ (among) the best books I've ever read. 答案与解析: 1. among。解析:指在多位同学中间。 2. among。解析:固定用法,意为“是…中之一”。 50. largely (adv.) 词义: 主要地;很大程度上 近义词: mainly, mostly, primarily 反义词: slightly, minimally 词性转换: largely (adv.) ← large (adj.) 常见搭配: be largely responsible for (对…负主要责任) 例句: The success of the project is largely due to teamwork. 翻译: 项目的成功很大程度上归功于团队合作。 练习题: 1. The audience was ______ (large) made up of young people. 2. He comes from a ______ (large) family with six children. 答案与解析: 1. largely。解析:修饰过去分词“made up”,需用副词。 2. large。解析:修饰名词“family”,用形容词,意为“大家庭”。 51. painter (n.) 词义: 画家;油漆工 近义词: artist 词性转换: painter (n.) ← paint (v./n.) → painting (n. 绘画;油画) 常见搭配: a landscape painter (风景画家) 例句: The famous painter used ink and wash to create his landscape. 翻译: 这位著名的画家用墨水和水墨创作了他的风景画。 练习题: 1. She is learning ______ (paint) at an art school. 2. The walls need a fresh coat of ______ (paint). 答案与解析: 1. painting。解析:意为“学习绘画”,动名词/名词。 2. paint。解析:意为“油漆”,不可数名词。 52. pine (n. & v.) 词义: n. 松树;松木; v. 渴望,苦苦思念 近义词: n. 无直接近义; v. long for, yearn for 反义词: v. detest (厌恶) 词性转换: pine (n./v.) → pinewood (n. 松木) → pining (n./adj. 渴望的) 常见搭配: a pine tree (松树); pine for (渴望,思念) 例句: The pine is a common tree in Chinese paintings. 翻译: 松树是中国画中常见的树木。 练习题: 1. The furniture is made of solid ______ (pine). 2. She was ______ (pine) for her hometown while living abroad. 答案与解析: 1. pine。解析:物质名词,不可数。 2. pining。解析:过去进行时“was/were + doing”。 53. main (adj.) 词义: 主要的,最重要的 近义词: major, chief, primary 反义词: minor, secondary (次要的) 词性转换: main (adj.) → mainly (adv.) → mainland (n. 大陆) 常见搭配: the main reason (主要原因); in the main (大体上) 例句: What is the main idea of this paragraph? 翻译: 这一段的主要思想是什么? 练习题: 1. ______ (main), I want to talk about safety issues. 2. The ______ (main) of the story takes place in Paris. 答案与解析: 1. Mainly。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“主要”。 2. main part 或 bulk。解析:“main”是形容词,不能单独作主语。应改为“The main part of…”或“The bulk of…”。原题有误,旨在提醒学生“main”是形容词。 54. itself (pron.) 词义: (它) 自己 (反身代词) 词性转换: 反身代词。 常见搭配: by itself (自动地;单独地); speak for itself (不言而喻) 例句: The machine can turn off by itself. 翻译: 机器可以自动关闭。 练习题: 1. The cat was washing ______ (it) in the sun. 2. The problem will not solve ______ (it); we need to do something. 答案与解析: 1. itself。解析:主语“The cat”是动物,可用“it”指代,反身代词为“itself”。 2. itself。解析:固定搭配“solve itself”(自行解决)。 55. quality (n. & adj.) 词义: n. 质量;品质;特性; adj. 优质的,高质量的 近义词: n. standard, characteristic; adj. high-quality 反义词: n. quantity (数量) 词性转换: quality (n./adj.) → qualify (v. 使具有资格) → qualification (n. 资格) 常见搭配: high quality (高质量); quality time (优质时间,亲子时光) 例句: We focus on the quality of our products, not just the quantity. / This is a quality product. 翻译: 我们注重产品的质量,而不仅仅是数量。/ 这是一个优质产品。 练习题: 1. His experience ______ (quality) him for the job. 2. She has all the right ______ (quality) to be a good leader. 答案与解析: 1. qualifies。解析:主语“experience”是单数,谓语动词用单三形式,意为“使他有资格”。 2. qualifications 或 qualities。解析:“qualifications”指“资质,资格证书”;“qualities”指“品质,特质”。根据句意“成为一名好领导的特质”,“qualities”更贴切。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 单词表教师词汇备课 2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册
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Unit 4 单词表教师词汇备课 2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册
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Unit 4 单词表教师词汇备课 2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册
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