内容正文:
译林版七年级下册 Unit 3 单词表
教师备课材料
1. kilometre (km) (n.)
词义: 千米,公里
近义词: klick (俚语)
词性转换: kilometre (n.) → kilometric (adj. 公里计的,极少用)
常见搭配: ten kilometres away (十公里远)
例句: The school is about two kilometres from my home.
翻译: 学校离我家大约两公里。
练习题:
1. We walked a ______ (kilometre) distance to get there.
2. The race is 5 ______ (kilometre) long.
答案与解析:
1. kilometre。解析:修饰名词“distance”,用名词作定语,意为“一公里的距离”。
2. kilometres。解析:数量“5”后接可数名词复数。
2. wonder (v. & n.)
词义: v. 想知道,感到好奇; n. 奇迹;惊奇
近义词: v. ponder, question; n. marvel, miracle
反义词: v. know (知道)
词性转换: wonder (v./n.) → wonderful (adj. 极好的) → wondering (adj. 疑惑的)
常见搭配: I wonder if/who... (我想知道是否/谁…); the Seven Wonders of the World (世界七大奇迹)
例句: I wonder what life was like in ancient times. / The Great Wall is a wonder.
翻译: 我想知道古代的生活是怎样的。/ 长城是一个奇迹。
练习题:
1. She looked at the sky with ______ (wonder).
2. It was a ______ (wonder) experience that I will never forget.
答案与解析:
1. wonder。解析:介词“with”后接名词,意为“带着惊奇(的神情)”。
2. wonderful。解析:修饰名词“experience”,需用形容词,意为“极好的体验”。
3. Olympic (adj.)
词义: 奥林匹克的
词性转换: Olympic (adj.) → Olympics/Olympic Games (n. 奥运会)
常见搭配: the Olympic Games (奥运会); an Olympic athlete (奥运选手)
例句: He is training hard for the next Olympic Games.
翻译: 他正在为下一届奥运会努力训练。
练习题:
1. She won a gold medal at the ______ (Olympic).
2. ______ (Olympic) spirit encourages people to do their best.
答案与解析:
1. Olympics。解析:“at the”后需接名词,特指“奥运会”。
2. Olympic。解析:修饰名词“spirit”,需用形容词,意为“奥林匹克精神”。
4. object (n. & v.)
词义: n. 物体;目标;宾语; v. 反对
近义词: n. thing, item; v. oppose, protest
反义词: v. agree, support (同意,支持)
词性转换: object (n./v.) → objective (adj. 客观的 / n. 目标) → objection (n. 反对)
常见搭配: a strange object (一个奇怪的物体); object to (doing) sth. (反对(做)某事)
例句: There was a shiny object on the ground. / He objected to the plan.
翻译: 地上有一个闪亮的物体。/ 他反对这个计划。
练习题:
1. The main ______ (object) of this lesson is to learn these words.
2. She raised an ______ (object) to the proposal.
答案与解析:
1. objective。解析:此处作名词,意为“目标”,与“purpose”同义。
2. objection。解析:动词“raised”后接名词,意为“提出反对”。
5. past (prep., adv., adj., n.)
词义: prep. 经过,晚于; adv. 经过; adj. 过去的; n. 过去
近义词: adj. previous, former; n. history
反义词: adj. present (现在的); future (未来的)
词性转换: past (adj./n.) → (动词为 pass)
常见搭配: in the past (在过去); walk past (走过); half past ten (十点半)
例句: He walked past me without saying hello. / We should learn from the past.
翻译: 他从我身边走过,没有打招呼。/ 我们应该从过去吸取教训。
练习题:
1. Several cars ______ (past) while we were waiting.
2. Her ______ (past) achievements are very impressive.
答案与解析:
1. passed。解析:句子缺少谓语动词,描述过去动作,用动词“pass”的过去式。
2. past。解析:修饰名词“achievements”,用形容词,意为“过去的成就”。
6. shall (modal v.)
词义: (用于第一人称,表示将来) 将,会;(用于征求意见) …好吗?
近义词: will
词性转换: 情态动词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: Shall I/we...? (我/我们…好吗?)
例句: Shall we meet at the school gate at 8? / I shall be sixteen next month.
翻译: 我们八点在校门口见面好吗?/ 下个月我就十六岁了。
练习题: (情态动词无词性转换,可练习用法)
1. ______ I help you with your bags?
2. We ______ start the meeting now.
答案与解析:
1. Shall。解析:表示主动提供帮助,“我帮你拿包好吗?”
2. shall/will。解析:表示将来的意愿,“我们现在开始开会吧。”
7. attract (v.)
词义: 吸引;引起(兴趣、注意)
近义词: draw, pull, interest
反义词: repel (排斥)
词性转换: attract (v.) → attraction (n. 吸引;景点) → attractive (adj. 有吸引力的)
常见搭配: attract one's attention (吸引某人的注意)
例句: The bright colours attract many insects.
翻译: 鲜艳的颜色吸引了许多昆虫。
练习题:
1. The main tourist ______ (attract) is the ancient palace.
2. She is a very ______ (attract) and intelligent person.
答案与解析:
1. attraction。解析:作主语,意为“主要的旅游景点”。
2. attractive。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“有吸引力的”。
8. capital (n.)
词义: 首都;资本;大写字母
近义词: n. (资金) funds, investment
词性转换: capital (n.) → capitalize (v. 用大写字母写;利用) → capitalism (n. 资本主义)
常见搭配: Beijing is the capital of China. (北京是中国的首都。)
例句: London is the capital of the UK.
翻译: 伦敦是英国的首都。
练习题:
1. You need to write the first letter in ______ (capital).
2. They are looking for more ______ (capital) to start their business.
答案与解析:
1. capitals 或 capital letters。解析:意为“用大写字母”,常用复数。
2. capital。解析:此处意为“资金”,不可数名词。
9. show sb. around (phr. v.)
词义: 带某人参观
近义词: give sb. a tour
词性转换: 动词短语。相关名词:showaround (n. 引导参观)。
常见搭配: Let me show you around our school. (让我带你参观我们的学校。)
例句: The manager showed the visitors around the factory.
翻译: 经理带参观者们参观了工厂。
练习题:
1. Thank you for the wonderful ______ (showaround) of the campus.
2. Yesterday, I ______ (show) my cousin around the city.
答案与解析:
1. showaround 或 tour。解析:介词“for”后需要名词。
2. showed。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
10. once (adv. & conj.)
词义: adv. 一次;曾经; conj. 一旦
近义词: adv. one time, formerly; conj. as soon as
反义词: adv. never (从未)
词性转换: 副词/连词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: once a week (每周一次); once upon a time (从前)
例句: I go swimming once a week. / Once you start, you must finish it.
翻译: 我每周游泳一次。/ 一旦开始,你就必须完成。
练习题: (练习不同含义)
1. I have been to London ______ (一次).
2. ______ (一旦) he makes up his mind, nothing can change it.
答案与解析:
1. once。解析:表示“一次”。
2. Once。解析:引导条件状语从句,表示“一旦”。
11. palace (n.)
词义: 宫殿;豪华住宅
近义词: castle (城堡,侧重防御)
反义词: hut, shack (棚屋)
词性转换: palace (n.) → palatial (adj. 宫殿似的,宏伟的)
常见搭配: the Summer Palace (颐和园); Buckingham Palace (白金汉宫)
例句: The palace was built for the emperor.
翻译: 这座宫殿是为皇帝建造的。
练习题:
1. They live in a ______ (palace) mansion near the lake.
2. Several ______ (palace) are open to the public as museums.
答案与解析:
1. palatial。解析:修饰名词“mansion”,需用形容词。
2. palaces。解析:“several”后接可数名词复数。
12. emperor (n.)
词义: 皇帝
近义词: ruler, monarch
反义词: subject (臣民)
词性转换: emperor (n.) → empress (n. 女皇,皇后) → imperial (adj. 帝国的,皇帝的)
常见搭配: the first emperor (第一位皇帝)
例句: The emperor Qin Shi Huang united China.
翻译: 秦始皇皇帝统一了中国。
练习题:
1. The ______ (emperor) army was very powerful.
2. She was the only ______ (empress) in the history of that country.
答案与解析:
1. imperial。解析:修饰名词“army”,需用形容词,意为“帝国的军队”。
2. empress。解析:意为“女皇”,与“emperor”对应。
13. ancient (adj.)
词义: 古代的,古老的
近义词: old, antique, archaic
反义词: modern, contemporary (现代的)
词性转换: ancient (adj.) → ancients (n. 古人)
常见搭配: ancient history (古代史); an ancient city (古城)
例句: We visited an ancient temple in the mountains.
翻译: 我们参观了山里的一座古庙。
练习题:
1. The ______ (ancient) believed that the sun went around the Earth.
2. This custom has ______ (ancient) origins.
答案与解析:
1. ancients。解析:定冠词“The”后接名词,指“古代的人们”。
2. ancient。解析:修饰名词“origins”,用形容词。
14. treasure (n. & v.)
词义: n. 财宝,珍宝; v. 珍爱,珍藏
近义词: n. wealth, riches; v. cherish, value
反义词: v. disregard (轻视)
词性转换: treasure (n./v.) → treasury (n. 金库,财政部) → treasured (adj. 珍贵的)
常见搭配: buried treasure (埋藏的宝藏); treasure the memory (珍惜这段记忆)
例句: The pirates were looking for hidden treasure. / I treasure our friendship.
翻译: 海盗在寻找隐藏的宝藏。/ 我珍视我们的友谊。
练习题:
1. This photo album is my most ______ (treasure) possession.
2. The national ______ (treasure) is stored in a secret place.
答案与解析:
1. treasured。解析:修饰名词“possession”,需用形容词,意为“最珍贵的”。
2. treasury 或 treasure。解析:“treasury”指存放财宝的地方(金库);“treasure”作名词指财宝本身。
15. worth (prep. & n.)
词义: prep. 值…钱的,值得…的; n. 价值
近义词: prep. deserving of; n. value
反义词: prep. worthless (不值钱的)
词性转换: worth (prep./n.) → worthy (adj. 值得的,配得上的) → worthless (adj. 无价值的)
常见搭配: be worth + n./doing (值得…); net worth (净资产)
例句: This painting is worth a lot of money. / The book is worth reading.
翻译: 这幅画值很多钱。/ 这本书值得一读。
练习题:
1. He felt the project was ______ (worth) of more support.
2. These old stamps are ______ (worth) nothing now.
答案与解析:
1. worthy。解析:固定搭配“be worthy of”,意为“值得”。
2. worth。解析:固定结构“be worth + 名词”,意为“值…”。
16. be well worth doing (phrase)
词义: 非常值得做
近义词: be highly/really worth doing
反义词: be not worth doing (不值得做)
词性转换: 固定短语。“well”在此为副词,表示程度。
常见搭配: The trip is well worth making. (这趟旅行非常值得一去。)
例句: The new science museum is well worth visiting.
翻译: 新的科学博物馆非常值得参观。
练习题:
1. The effort is ______ (well) worth it in the end.
2. That movie is well ______ (worth) a second look.
答案与解析:
1. well。解析:固定搭配“be well worth”,意为“非常值得”。
2. worth。解析:固定结构“be worth + 名词/代词”。
17. visitor (n.)
词义: 访问者,参观者
近义词: guest, tourist
反义词: host (主人)
词性转换: visitor (n.) ← visit (v./n.) → visitation (n. 正式访问)
常见搭配: welcome visitors (欢迎访客); a frequent visitor (常客)
例句: The museum has thousands of visitors every day.
翻译: 这家博物馆每天有成千上万的参观者。
练习题:
1. We plan to ______ (visitor) the Great Wall next summer.
2. The number of foreign ______ (visit) to China is increasing.
答案与解析:
1. visit。解析:情态动词“plan to”后接动词原形。
2. visitors。解析:意为“外国游客”,是可数名词复数。
18. raising (n.) (此处为动名词/名词)
词义: 提高;筹集;养育
近义词: increase, collection, upbringing
反义词: lowering (降低)
词性转换: raising (n.) ← raise (v.)
常见搭配: fund raising (筹款); child raising (育儿)
例句: The raising of the national flag is a solemn ceremony.
翻译: 升国旗是一项庄严的仪式。
练习题:
1. They organized a charity event for ______ (raise) money.
2. The ______ (raise) of children requires a lot of patience.
答案与解析:
1. raising。解析:介词“for”后接动名词,意为“为了筹钱”。
2. raising。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词,意为“养育孩子”。
19. national (adj.)
词义: 国家的;民族的;全国性的
近义词: countrywide, state
反义词: local (地方的); international (国际的)
词性转换: national (adj.) → nation (n. 国家,民族) → nationality (n. 国籍) → nationalist (n. 民族主义者)
常见搭配: national anthem (国歌); national park (国家公园)
例句: October 1st is our National Day.
翻译: 十月一日是我们的国庆节。
练习题:
1. What is your ______ (nation)?
2. The ______ (nation) newspaper reported the news.
答案与解析:
1. nationality。解析:询问“你的国籍是什么?”,用名词。
2. national。解析:修饰名词“newspaper”,用形容词,意为“全国性的报纸”。
20. flag (n.)
词义: 旗帜
近义词: banner
词性转换: flag (n.) → flagpole (n. 旗杆)
常见搭配: wave a flag (挥舞旗帜); under the flag of (在…的旗帜下)
例句: The flag is flying high on the square.
翻译: 旗帜在广场上空高高飘扬。
练习题:
1. We need to repair the ______ (flag) before putting up the new flag.
2. They ______ (flag) down a taxi to get to the airport.
答案与解析:
1. flagpole。解析:意为“旗杆”,是具体物体。
2. flagged。解析:动词短语“flag down”,意为“挥手示意(出租车)停下”。
21. square (n. & adj.)
词义: n. 广场;正方形;平方; adj. 正方形的
近义词: n. plaza; adj. quadrilateral
反义词: adj. round (圆的)
词性转换: square (n./adj.) → squarely (adv. 直接地,正对着)
常见搭配: Tian'anmen Square (天安门广场); a square metre (一平方米)
例句: People gathered in the town square.
翻译: 人们聚集在镇广场上。
练习题:
1. The room is 20 ______ (square) metres in area.
2. He looked at her ______ (square) in the eye.
答案与解析:
1. square。解析:修饰名词“metres”,表示面积单位“平方米”。
2. squarely。解析:修饰动词短语“looked at”,需用副词,意为“直视着她的眼睛”。
22. side (n.)
词义: 边;侧面;一方
近义词: edge, border, party
反义词: center (中心)
词性转换: side (n.) → side (adj. 侧面的,次要的) → sideways (adv. 向侧面)
常见搭配: by the side of (在…旁边); on both sides (在两边)
例句: Write on one side of the paper only.
翻译: 只写在纸的一面。
练习题:
1. He gave me a ______ (side) glance.
2. The car skidded ______ (side) on the icy road.
答案与解析:
1. side 或 sideways。解析:修饰名词“glance”,“side glance”或“sideways glance”都表示“侧目,斜视”。
2. sideways。解析:修饰动词“skidded”,需用副词,意为“向侧面滑行”。
23. courtyard (n.)
词义: 庭院,院子
近义词: yard, patio
词性转换: courtyard (n.),合成词(court + yard)。
常见搭配: an inner courtyard (内院)
例句: Children are playing in the courtyard.
翻译: 孩子们在院子里玩耍。
练习题:
1. The house has a beautiful ______ (courtyard) with a fountain.
2. All the rooms face the central ______ (courtyard).
答案与解析:
1. courtyard。
2. courtyard。解析:两者均用单数名词。
24. taste (n. & v.)
词义: n. 味道;品味; v. 尝起来;品尝
近义词: n. flavor; v. sample, try
词性转换: taste (n./v.) → tasty (adj. 美味的) → tasteless (adj. 无味的;庸俗的)
常见搭配: have good taste (有品味); taste sweet/salty (尝起来甜/咸)
例句: The soup has a strange taste. / Taste this cake, it's delicious!
翻译: 这汤有股怪味。/ 尝尝这个蛋糕,很好吃!
练习题:
1. The food she cooks is always ______ (taste).
2. His jokes are often in poor ______ (taste).
答案与解析:
1. tasty。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“美味的”。
2. taste。解析:固定短语“in poor taste”,意为“品味差,庸俗”。
25. opera (n.)
词义: 歌剧
词性转换: opera (n.) → operatic (adj. 歌剧的)
常见搭配: Beijing Opera (京剧); go to the opera (去看歌剧)
例句: My grandmother loves watching Beijing Opera.
翻译: 我奶奶爱看京剧。
练习题:
1. She has a beautiful ______ (opera) voice.
2. We saw several ______ (opera) performed at the festival.
答案与解析:
1. operatic。解析:修饰名词“voice”,需用形容词,意为“歌剧式的嗓音”。
2. operas。解析:“several”后接可数名词复数,指“几部歌剧”。
26. local (adj. & n.)
词义: adj. 当地的,本地的; n. 本地人
近义词: adj. regional; n. resident
反义词: adj. foreign, national (外国的,全国的)
词性转换: local (adj./n.) → locality (n. 地点,地区) → localize (v. 使本地化)
常见搭配: local food (当地食物); local people (当地人)
例句: Ask a local for directions; they know the area best.
翻译: 向本地人问路,他们最熟悉这个地区。
练习题:
1. The ______ (local) of the accident is still unknown.
2. This factory provides many jobs for ______ (local) residents.
答案与解析:
1. locality。解析:意为“事故的地点”,是正式用语。
2. local。解析:修饰名词“residents”,用形容词,意为“当地居民”。
27. theatre (英式) / theater (美式) (n.)
词义: 剧院,戏院;阶梯教室;手术室
近义词: playhouse, auditorium
词性转换: theatre (n.) → theatrical (adj. 戏剧性的;剧场的)
常见搭配: go to the theatre (去看戏); an operating theatre (手术室)
例句: We are going to the theatre to see a play tonight.
翻译: 我们今晚要去剧院看话剧。
练习题:
1. She made a very ______ (theatre) entrance, wearing a long red dress.
2. The new ______ (theatre) production has received good reviews.
答案与解析:
1. theatrical。解析:修饰名词“entrance”,需用形容词,意为“戏剧性的入场”。
2. theatre 或 theatrical。解析:“theatre production”意为“戏剧制作”;“theatrical production”意为“戏剧作品”。
28. interest (n. & v.)
词义: n. 兴趣;利益;利息; v. 使感兴趣
近义词: n. hobby, concern; v. attract, engage
反义词: n. boredom (无聊); v. bore (使厌烦)
词性转换: interest (n./v.) → interesting (adj. 有趣的) → interested (adj. 感兴趣的)
常见搭配: take an interest in (对…感兴趣); in the interest of (为了…的利益)
例句: He has a great interest in science. / The topic didn't interest me.
翻译: 他对科学有浓厚的兴趣。/ 这个话题没引起我的兴趣。
练习题:
1. The book is so ______ (interest) that I can't put it down.
2. Are you ______ (interest) in joining our club?
答案与解析:
1. interesting。解析:修饰物(book),用“-ing”结尾形容词,意为“(书本身)有趣的”。
2. interested。解析:修饰人(you),用“-ed”结尾形容词,意为“(人)感兴趣的”。
29. place of interest (n. phrase)
词义: 名胜古迹
近义词: scenic spot, attraction
常见搭配: visit places of interest (参观名胜古迹)
例句: There are many places of interest in Beijing, such as the Forbidden City.
翻译: 北京有许多名胜古迹,比如故宫。
练习题: (短语练习)
1. Guilin is famous for its beautiful ______ (place of interest).
2. We plan to see all the major ______ (place of interest) in the city.
答案与解析:
1. places of interest。解析:泛指“名胜”,用复数。
2. places of interest。解析:“the major”后接复数名词,指“主要的名胜”。
30. form (n. & v.)
词义: n. 形式;表格; v. 形成;组成
近义词: n. shape, type; v. create, shape
反义词: v. destroy, break up (摧毁,解散)
词性转换: form (n./v.) → formation (n. 形成,编队) → formal (adj. 正式的)
常见搭配: fill in a form (填表); form a habit (养成习惯)
例句: Please fill out this form with your personal information. / Clouds are forming in the sky.
翻译: 请填写这份表格,写下你的个人信息。/ 天上正在形成云朵。
练习题:
1. The soldiers marched in ______ (form).
2. You need to wear ______ (form) clothes to the interview.
答案与解析:
1. formation。解析:固定短语“in formation”,意为“以队形”。
2. formal。解析:修饰名词“clothes”,需用形容词,意为“正式服装”。
31. stadium (n.)
词义: 体育场,运动场
近义词: arena, ground
词性转换: stadium (n.) → stadia (复数,少用,常用 stadiums)
常见搭配: an Olympic stadium (奥林匹克体育场)
例句: The football match will be held in the new stadium.
翻译: 足球赛将在新体育场举行。
练习题:
1. Two new ______ (stadium) were built for the Asian Games.
2. The ______ (stadium) was filled with cheering fans.
答案与解析:
1. stadiums。解析:可数名词复数。
2. stadium。解析:单数名词,指具体的那个体育场。
32. date from / date back to (phr. v.)
词义: 追溯到,始于(某时期)
近义词: originate from
词性转换: 动词短语。注意常用一般现在时,即使主语是过去事物。
常见搭配: This temple dates from the Ming Dynasty. (这座寺庙始建于明朝。)
例句: The oldest part of the city dates from Roman times.
翻译: 这座城市最古老的部分可以追溯到罗马时代。
练习题:
1. The tradition ______ (date) from hundreds of years ago.
2. Their friendship ______ (date back) to their childhood.
答案与解析:
1. dates。解析:主语“tradition”是单数,且表达的是从过去持续到现在的事实,用一般现在时。
2. dates back。解析:同上,主语“friendship”是单数。
33. shopkeeper (n.)
词义: 店主
近义词: store owner
反义词: customer (顾客)
词性转换: shopkeeper (n.) ← shop (n./v.) + keep (v.) + -er (后缀)
常见搭配: a friendly shopkeeper (一位友善的店主)
例句: The shopkeeper helped me find what I was looking for.
翻译: 店主帮我找到了我要的东西。
练习题:
1. My aunt owns a small ______ (shop) in the town.
2. She has been ______ (shop) in that store for years.
答案与解析:
1. shop。解析:意为“一家小店”,名词。
2. shopping。解析:现在完成进行时“has been doing”,动词“shop”的-ing形式。
34. smile (v. & n.)
词义: v. 微笑; n. 微笑,笑容
近义词: v. grin; n. grin
反义词: v. frown (皱眉); n. frown (皱眉)
词性转换: smile (v./n.) → smiling (adj. 微笑的)
常见搭配: smile at sb. (对某人微笑); a big smile (灿烂的笑容)
例句: She smiled happily when she saw the gift. / His smile makes everyone feel warm.
翻译: 看到礼物时,她开心地笑了。/ 他的笑容让每个人都感到温暖。
练习题:
1. He answered the question with a ______ (smile) face.
2. She always greets people with a ______ (smile).
答案与解析:
1. smiling。解析:修饰名词“face”,用形容词,意为“带着笑容的脸”。
2. smile。解析:介词“with”后接名词,意为“带着微笑”。
35. sandwich (n. & v.)
词义: n. 三明治; v. 把…夹在中间
词性转换: sandwich (n./v.)
常见搭配: a ham sandwich (火腿三明治); be sandwiched between (被夹在…之间)
例句: I had a chicken sandwich for lunch. / The small house was sandwiched between two tall buildings.
翻译: 我午餐吃了一个鸡肉三明治。/ 那小房子被夹在两栋高楼之间。
练习题:
1. I felt ______ (sandwich) in the crowded bus.
2. He made three ______ (sandwich) for the picnic.
答案与解析:
1. sandwiched。解析:动词的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”,此处是“felt”(感觉起来像被夹着)。
2. sandwiches。解析:可数名词复数。
36. above (prep., adv., adj.)
词义: prep. 在…上方;超过; adv. 在上面; adj. 上文提及的
近义词: prep. over, beyond; adv. overhead
反义词: prep. below, under (在…下方)
词性转换: 介词/副词/形容词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: above all (最重要的是); as mentioned above (如上所述)
例句: The picture hangs above the fireplace. / See the examples above.
翻译: 画挂在壁炉上方。/ 参见上文的例子。
练习题:
1. The temperature is ten degrees ______ (above) zero.
2. Please refer to the ______ (above) diagram.
答案与解析:
1. above。解析:作介词,后接宾语“zero”。
2. above。解析:作形容词,修饰名词“diagram”,意为“上文的”。
37. leaf (n.)
词义: 叶子;(书刊的)张,页
近义词: n. (植物的) foliage (总称)
词性转换: leaf (n.) → leaves (pl.) → leafy (adj. 多叶的,绿叶繁茂的)
常见搭配: autumn leaves (秋叶); turn over a new leaf (翻开新的一页,改过自新)
例句: The leaves turn golden and red in autumn.
翻译: 秋天,叶子变成金黄色和红色。
练习题:
1. We walked down a ______ (leaf) path in the forest.
2. He is trying to turn over a new ______ (leaf) in his life.
答案与解析:
1. leafy。解析:修饰名词“path”,需用形容词,意为“绿树成荫的小径”。
2. leaf。解析:固定短语“turn over a new leaf”,用单数。
38. wave (v. & n.)
词义: v. 挥手;波动; n. 波浪;挥手;(光、声等的)波
近义词: v. gesture, flap; n. ripple, breaker
词性转换: wave (v./n.) → wavy (adj. 波浪形的) → wavelength (n. 波长)
常见搭配: wave goodbye (挥手告别); sound waves (声波)
例句: She waved to me from the window. / Big waves crashed against the rocks.
翻译: 她从窗口向我挥手。/ 巨浪拍打着岩石。
练习题:
1. She has long, ______ (wave) hair.
2. The ______ (wave) caused by the earthquake were huge.
答案与解析:
1. wavy。解析:修饰名词“hair”,需用形容词,意为“波浪卷发”。
2. waves。解析:作主语,谓语动词“were”是复数,故主语用复数名词。
39. roof (n.)
词义: 屋顶;顶部
近义词: top, ceiling (天花板,室内)
反义词: floor (地板)
词性转换: roof (n.) → roofs (pl.) → roofless (adj. 无屋顶的)
常见搭配: under one's roof (在某人的家里);a roof over one's head (栖身之所)
例句: The cat is sitting on the roof.
翻译: 猫坐在屋顶上。
练习题:
1. After the storm, many houses had damaged ______ (roof).
2. The family lived under the same ______ (roof) for generations.
答案与解析:
1. roofs。解析:可数名词复数。
2. roof。解析:固定短语“under the same roof”,用单数。
40. cage (n. & v.)
词义: n. 笼子; v. 把…关进笼子
近义词: n. enclosure; v. confine
反义词: v. free, release (释放)
词性转换: cage (n./v.) → caged (adj. 关在笼中的)
常见搭配: a bird cage (鸟笼); feel caged in (感觉像被关在笼中,受束缚)
例句: The tiger paced back and forth in its cage.
翻译: 老虎在笼子里来回踱步。
练习题:
1. The ______ (cage) bird longed to fly free.
2. It's cruel to keep such a large animal in a small ______ (cage).
答案与解析:
1. caged。解析:修饰名词“bird”,用形容词,意为“被关在笼中的鸟”。
2. cage。解析:可数名词单数。
41. lie (v. & n.)
词义: v. 躺;位于;撒谎; n. 谎言
近义词: v. (位于) be situated; (撒谎) tell a lie
反义词: v. stand (站立); (撒谎) tell the truth (说实话)
词性转换: lie (v./n.) → liar (n. 撒谎者) → lying (v. 现在分词/动名词)
注意:躺 (lie-lay-lain-lying); 撒谎 (lie-lied-lied-lying)
常见搭配: lie down (躺下); tell a lie (撒谎)
例句: The town lies in a valley. / Don't lie to me!
翻译: 这个小镇坐落在一个山谷里。/ 别对我撒谎!
练习题:
1. He was ______ (lie) on the sofa reading a book.
2. Nobody likes a ______ (lie).
答案与解析:
1. lying。解析:过去进行时“was/were + doing”,此处是“躺”的现在分词。
2. liar。解析:意为“撒谎者”,表示人。
42. row (n. & v.)
词义: n. 一排,一行;划船;争吵; v. 划船
近义词: n. line, queue; v. paddle
词性转换: row (n./v.) → rower (n. 划船者) → rowing (n. 划船运动)
常见搭配: in a row (成一排;连续地); row a boat (划船)
例句: We sat in the front row of the theatre. / Let's row to the other side of the lake.
翻译: 我们坐在剧院的前排。/ 我们划船到湖对岸去吧。
练习题:
1. He is a member of the college ______ (row) team.
2. They planted the trees in straight ______ (row).
答案与解析:
1. rowing。解析:修饰名词“team”,需用动名词或名词作定语,意为“划船队”。
2. rows。解析:可数名词复数。
43. high (adj. & adv.)
词义: adj. 高的;高度的; adv. 高地
近义词: adj. tall, lofty; adv. highly (抽象意义地)
反义词: adj. low (低的)
词性转换: high (adj./adv.) → height (n. 高度) → highly (adv. 高度地,非常)
常见搭配: high jump (跳高); speak highly of (高度赞扬)
例句: The mountain is very high. / The plane flew high in the sky.
翻译: 这座山很高。/ 飞机在高空飞行。
练习题:
1. What is the ______ (high) of that building?
2. He is a ______ (high) skilled worker.
答案与解析:
1. height。解析:疑问词“What”后接名词,询问“高度”。
2. highly。解析:修饰形容词“skilled”,需用副词,意为“技术高超的”。
44. golden (adj.)
词义: 金(黄)色的;黄金般的;极好的
近义词: gold-coloured, excellent
词性转换: golden (adj.) ← gold (n./adj.)
常见搭配: golden hair (金发); the golden rule (黄金法则); golden opportunity (绝佳机会)
例句: She has beautiful golden hair.
翻译: 她有一头漂亮的金发。
练习题:
1. He won a ______ (gold) medal at the competition.
2. This ring is made of solid ______ (gold).
答案与解析:
1. gold 或 golden。解析:“gold medal”是固定搭配(金牌)。“golden”更强调颜色或比喻意义,此处两者皆可。
2. gold。解析:意为“黄金”,物质名词。
45. shape (n. & v.)
词义: n. 形状;状况; v. 塑造;使成形
近义词: n. form, figure; v. form, mould
词性转换: shape (n./v.) → shapely (adj. 形状好的) → shapeless (adj. 无定形的)
常见搭配: in good shape (身体状况良好); shape one's future (塑造未来)
例句: The garden is in the shape of a star. / Childhood experiences shape our personality.
翻译: 花园是星形的。/ 童年经历塑造我们的性格。
练习题:
1. She has very ______ (shape) legs.
2. The artist ______ (shape) the clay into a beautiful vase.
答案与解析:
1. shapely。解析:修饰名词“legs”,需用形容词,意为“腿形很好看的”。
2. shaped。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
46. recommend (v.)
词义: 推荐;建议
近义词: suggest, advise
反义词: discourage, advise against (劝阻)
词性转换: recommend (v.) → recommendation (n. 推荐,建议)
常见搭配: recommend sb. sth. / recommend sth. to sb. (向某人推荐某物);recommend doing sth. (建议做某事)
例句: Can you recommend a good restaurant near here?
翻译: 你能推荐附近一家好餐馆吗?
练习题:
1. I went to that hotel on your ______ (recommend).
2. The doctor’s ______ (recommend) is to get more rest.
答案与解析:
1. recommendation。解析:介词“on”后接名词,意为“根据你的推荐”。
2. recommendation。解析:作主语,需名词。
47. tower (n. & v.)
词义: n. 塔;高楼; v. 高耸,屹立
近义词: n. spire, skyscraper; v. loom, rise high
词性转换: tower (n./v.) → towering (adj. 高耸的,杰出的)
常见搭配: a clock tower (钟楼); tower over/above (远高于,胜过)
例句: The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. / The basketball player towers over his classmates.
翻译: 埃菲尔铁塔在巴黎。/ 那个篮球运动员比他的同学们高出一大截。
练习题:
1. He has ______ (tower) ambitions.
2. The mountains ______ (tower) above the village.
答案与解析:
1. towering。解析:修饰名词“ambitions”,需用形容词,意为“远大的抱负”。
2. tower。解析:描述一般事实,用一般现在时。
48. along (prep. & adv.)
词义: prep. 沿着; adv. 向前;一起
近义词: prep. down, up; adv. forward, together
词性转换: 介词/副词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: walk along the river (沿着河走); come along (一起来;进展)
例句: There are many trees along the road. / Come along, we're going to be late!
翻译: 沿路有许多树。/ 快点,我们要迟到了!
练习题:
1. We drove ______ (along) the coast for hours.
2. How is your new project coming ______ (along)?
答案与解析:
1. along。解析:作介词,后接宾语“the coast”。
2. along。解析:动词短语“come along”,此处意为“进展”。
49. sunset (n.)
词义: 日落,傍晚;晚霞
近义词: sundown, dusk
反义词: sunrise (日出)
词性转换: sunset (n.) ← sun (n.) + set (v.)
常见搭配: at sunset (在日落时分); a beautiful sunset (美丽的晚霞)
例句: We watched the sunset from the beach.
翻译: 我们在海滩观看了日落。
练习题:
1. The ______ (sun) was setting behind the mountains.
2. They planned a romantic dinner at ______ (sunset).
答案与解析:
1. sun。解析:句子主语是“太阳”,用“sun”。
2. sunset。解析:固定搭配“at sunset”。
50. fantastic (adj.)
词义: 极好的,了不起的;奇异的,幻想的
近义词: wonderful, excellent, incredible
反义词: terrible, awful (糟糕的)
词性转换: fantastic (adj.) → fantasy (n. 幻想) → fantastically (adv. 极其)
常见搭配: a fantastic idea (绝妙的主意); fantastic stories (奇幻故事)
例句: We had a fantastic holiday in Spain.
翻译: 我们在西班牙度过了一个极棒的假期。
练习题:
1. The children live in a world of ______ (fantastic).
2. She sang ______ (fantastic) well at the concert.
答案与解析:
1. fantasy。解析:意为“幻想的世界”,名词。
2. fantastically。解析:修饰副词“well”,需用副词,意为“极其好”。
51. fish and chips (n. phrase)
词义: 炸鱼薯条(英式传统食物)
词性转换: 固定名词短语,视为单数。
常见搭配: have fish and chips for dinner (晚餐吃炸鱼薯条)
例句: Fish and chips is a popular takeaway food in the UK.
翻译: 炸鱼薯条是英国流行的外卖食品。
练习题:
1. I'd like an order of ______ (fish and chips), please.
2. ______ (Fish and chips) are served with vinegar and salt.
答案与解析:
1. fish and chips。
2. Fish and chips。解析:虽然由两部分组成,但作为一个整体菜名,谓语动词常用单数“is”。(口语中复数动词也常见)
52. British (adj. & n.)
词义: adj. 英国的,英国人的; n. the British (英国人总称)
近义词: adj. English (英国的,英语的;注意:English常特指英格兰的)
词性转换: British (adj.) → Britain (n. 不列颠,英国) → Briton (n. 英国人,个体)
常见搭配: British English (英式英语); the British Museum (大英博物馆)
例句: The British are known for drinking tea.
翻译: 英国人以喝茶闻名。
练习题:
1. He is a ______ (Britain) by birth.
2. The weather in ______ (British) can be very changeable.
答案与解析:
1. Briton。解析:指一个英国人个体。
2. Britain。解析:指国家“英国”。
53. tool (n.)
词义: 工具;器具;方法
近义词: instrument, device, means
词性转换: tool (n.) → toolkit (n. 工具箱)
常见搭配: a set of tools (一套工具); a useful tool for learning (有用的学习工具)
例句: A hammer is a basic tool for a carpenter.
翻译: 锤子是木匠的基本工具。
练习题:
1. The internet is an essential ______ (tool) for research.
2. He keeps all his gardening ______ (tool) in the shed.
答案与解析:
1. tool。解析:单数名词。
2. tools。解析:可数名词复数。
54. end (n. & v.)
词义: n. 末端;结束;目的; v. 结束,终止
近义词: n. finish, conclusion; v. finish, stop
反义词: n. beginning, start (开始); v. begin, start (开始)
词性转换: end (n./v.) → ending (n. 结局,结尾) → endless (adj. 无尽的)
常见搭配: in the end (最终); end up (最终成为/处于)
例句: Turn left at the end of the street. / The meeting ended at 5 o'clock.
翻译: 在这条街的尽头左转。/ 会议在五点结束了。
练习题:
1. The movie has a happy ______ (end).
2. The road seemed ______ (end).
答案与解析:
1. ending。解析:意为“电影的结局”。
2. endless。解析:在系动词“seemed”后作表语,需形容词,意为“似乎没有尽头”。
55. set (v., n. & adj.)
词义: v. 放,置;设定; n. 一套;电视机; adj. 固定的,安排好的
近义词: v. put, place; n. collection, kit; adj. fixed, scheduled
反义词: v. remove (移开)
词性转换: set (v./n./adj.) → setting (n. 环境;设定)
常见搭配: set the table (摆餐具);a set of rules (一套规则);set off/out (出发)
例句: Set the book on the table. / She bought a new set of cutlery. / We have a set time for meetings.
翻译: 把书放在桌上。/ 她买了一套新餐具。/ 我们开会的时间是固定的。
练习题:
1. The beautiful beach is the perfect ______ (set) for a holiday.
2. The sun ______ (set) in the west.
答案与解析:
1. setting。解析:作表语,需名词,意为“完美的环境/背景”。
2. sets。解析:描述自然规律,用一般现在时,主语“sun”是单三。
56. everything (pron.)
词义: 每件事,一切;最重要的东西
近义词: all things
反义词: nothing (没有东西)
常见搭配: everything possible (一切可能的);mean everything to sb. (对某人意味着一切)
例句: Everything is ready for the party. / My family means everything to me.
翻译: 派对的一切都准备好了。/ 我的家人对我来说就是一切。
练习题: (练习反义词)
1. Is ______ okay? You look worried.
2. The room was empty. There was ______ in it.
答案与解析:
1. everything。解析:肯定句,询问“一切都好吗?”。
2. nothing。解析:根据“empty(空的)”,可知“什么都没有”。
57. seem (v.)
词义: 似乎,好像
近义词: appear, look (like)
词性转换: seem (v.) → seeming (adj. 表面的) → seemingly (adv. 表面上,似乎)
常见搭配: seem (to be) + adj./n.; It seems that... (似乎…)
例句: He seems (to be) very happy today. / It seems that she has already left.
翻译: 他今天似乎很高兴。/ 看来她已经离开了。
练习题:
1. ______ (seem), he knew nothing about the plan.
2. There is a ______ (seem) contradiction in his statement.
答案与解析:
1. Seemingly。解析:修饰整个句子,作副词,意为“看样子,似乎”。
2. seeming。解析:修饰名词“contradiction”,用形容词,意为“表面上的矛盾”。
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