专题1 题型1 第3讲 主旨大意题-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

第三讲　主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查概率高，数量基本保持稳定，但难度较大，易失分，解答此类题目需要考生具备较高的综合阅读理解能力和分析能力。主旨大意题主要考查考生通过综合阅读理解、分析段落或文章的重点内容和核心信息，以确定其核心思想的能力。高考阅读理解对该关键能力的考查方式主要有以下几种：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 三、段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 随堂演练 二、文章大意题——整体理解定主旨 一、标题归纳题——精准概括定标题 一、标题归纳题——精准概括定标题 [答题微点] ★设题特点：标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章大意的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。 ★设问方式： 1．Which is the best title for the text? 2．Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the text? 3．What is/can be a suitable title for the text？ [图解技巧] 一、运用3步法提炼文章标题      二、结合3大特点解题 三、排除3种错误选项 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an ①explosion in the houseplant industry. (2025·全国二卷·C) “Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant­-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better ②academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，”says Knuth. “This ③productivity also ④translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant­-rich workplaces.” If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one，” Detrinidad says. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants　　 B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home 【语境猜词】 ①explosion __________________ ②academically ___________________[academical adj.学术的，学业的＋-­ly] ③productivity n．_______________[product n．产品；产物＋-­ive→ productive adj.多产的；有效益的＋-­ity] ④translate into __________[熟义：翻译成] [自我解答]　_________ n．突增，猛增 adv.学业上，学术上 生产效率 转化为 B [解析]　标题归纳题。从篇章结构分析，文章第一段以室内植物销售火爆为例引出室内植物这一话题，第二、三段着重介绍了室内植物的积极影响，如改善情绪、提高效率等，最后一段倡导人们种植室内植物。由此可知，文章的核心内容是植物对人的情绪和思维的积极影响，因此B项“植物改善你的情绪”适合作为本文标题。故选B项。 二、文章大意题——整体理解定主旨 [答题微点] ★设题特点：文章主旨类题目主要考查考生对一篇文章的理解，要求考生具备在速读中掌握全文主旨的能力。考生可以通过各段落的内容来确定文章的主旨，也可以借助文章体裁，利用不同体裁的特点，快速确定文章的主旨大意。 ★设问方式： 1．What is the main theme/topic/idea of this text? 2．What is the text mainly about? 3．What does the text mainly focus on? 4．What does the story mainly tell us？ [图解技巧] 体裁法定主旨             主旨句不明确时，宜用串线法             We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and ①covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro­-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The ②innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of ③fresh greens. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·C) Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is ④automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new ⑤pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees ⑥live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-­use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF's major strengths.　 B.BMF's general management. C.BMF's global influence. D.BMF's technical standards. 【语境猜词】 ①cover _________________[熟义：v.覆盖] ②innovative ____________[innovate v．创新；改革＋-­ive] ③fresh greens ___________ ④automated ___________ ⑤pre­seeded ___________________[pre­-＋seed v．在……播种＋-­ed] ⑥live out ____________ [自我解答]　_______ v．行走(一段路程) adj.创新的 新鲜青菜 adj.自动化的 adj.提前置入种子的 实践，践行 A [解析]　文章大意题。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题导入，引出BMF，指出其可缩短运输路程的优势；第二段强调BMF通过创新设计，能保证新鲜蔬菜供应；第三段详细说明BMF依靠新技术，操作很便捷；第四段指出其在可持续发展方面的优势；第五段介绍其员工具有很强的环保意识。故整篇文章围绕BMF的优势展开介绍。 三、段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：段落大意题主要考查考生对某个段落内容的概括能力。 ★设问方式： 1．What is the main idea of the...paragraph? 2．What is the...paragraph mainly about? 3．What does the...paragraph mainly talk about？   It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat ①cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all ②re­-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (2025·全国二卷·D) 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Why the ingredients were used. B.Which dishes were best liked. C.What the dishes were made of. D.Where the ingredients were bought. 【语境猜词】 ①cut _______________________________________ ②re-­appropriate _______________[re­-＋appropriate v．占用；挪用] [自我解答]　_______ n．(从动物躯体上)割下来的一块肉 v．重新利用 C [解析]　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage”可知，wastED菜单上的东西不是由废料制作的；再由下文中的“Instead, all the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts...turned into excellent cuisine.”可知，使用的所有配料都是大多数餐厅决不会考虑提供的肉块和农产品，这些食材经过重新利用并在一些优秀厨师的帮助下被转化为美味佳肴。由此可知，本段主要讲述的是wastED菜单上的菜肴是由什么制成的。 Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart ①condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to ②put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B) 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment.　　　　　 B.The complexity of veterinarians' work. C.Examples of rare animal diseases. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 【语境猜词】 ①condition _________[熟义：n.状态，状况] ②put...to sleep _______________________ [自我解答]　_______ n．疾病 给(患病动物)实施安乐死 D [解析]　段落大意题。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D。 随堂演练 A (2025·山西太原高三模拟) Many people encourage competition and focus on success. “Giving up” is frowned upon. We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded. Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying. “If at first you don't succeed, try, try again.” “Follow your dream! Winners never quit！” Perseverance is indeed important, to a limit. However, never take it too far. For one thing, goals and dreams might be beyond reach. Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting, but they suffer from “selection bias”. Put simply, they are not informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives. It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream. For another, every road taken means another road is not taken. An unrealistic goal means missing out on other opportunities. What if everybody with the childhood dream of becoming an astronaut persistently kept trying forever? Winners always wisely choose what to quit and what to pursue. Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well­-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term. The psychological term is “goal disengagement”. If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal, here are some hints that might help. First, do not tie a goal to your identity. Nobody can be defined by a single goal or interest. Besides, disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It's called “turning it into a hobby”. Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals, yet many enjoy collecting them. Last and most important, do not think of giving up as a failure, but as a choice. Your time is limited. Try new activities, rediscover previous interests, and revise your ambitions. Be honest with yourself about your chances, and choose the goals that best suit you. And remember that, when you give up a goal, you do not fail. You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。坚持不懈固然重要，但不能过度，因为有些目标可能遥不可及，坚持不切实际的目标意味着错过其他机会。研究表明，能够放弃一些目标并将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康和提高生活质量很重要。 1．What result may “selection bias” bring to people? A.Setting self-­limitation. B.Giving up more easily. C.Misjudging the situation. D.Ignoring successful stories. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的 “selection bias” 将答案定位在第二段。第二段中的 “Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting...It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream.”讲通过坚持不懈实现童年梦想的故事可能会令人振奋，但这存在“选择偏倚”。简单来说，这些故事并没有提供有用的信息，因为没人会讲述许多人浪费了生命中相当一部分时间去坚持却最终失败的故事， 如果你追随一个不切实际的梦想，那确实会令人沮丧。这意味着“选择偏倚” 会让人们只看到成功的故事， 从而错误地判断形势， 认为只要坚持就能成功。 2．How can people benefit from “goal disengagement”？ A.By motivating their desire for success. B.By gaining a sense of self­-satisfaction. C.By telling easy goals from difficult goals. D.By saving energy to focus on practical goals. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 “goal disengagement” 将答案定位在第三段。第三段前两句讲最近的研究表明， 能够放弃一些目标和梦想， 将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康很重要，从长远来看会带来更高质量的生活，这在心理学上叫“目标脱离”。所以人们通过节省精力来专注实际目标从“目标脱离” 中受益，D项中的“saving energy to focus on practical goals” 与文中的“redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones” 是同义表达。 3．Which of the following may the author agree with? A.Accepting failure with ease does make sense. B.One can make a hobby out of an unattainable goal. C.Turn to professionals when realizing personal goals. D.Choosing a goal is more challenging than realizing it. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第四段中的 “disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It's called ‘turning it into a hobby’．”讲从一个目标中脱离出来， 但仍保留一些努力， 这被称为 “把它变成一种爱好”。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.An Identity Crisis: Be True to Yourself B.Goals or Hobbies: Make Your Choice C.Never Say Never：The Key to Success D.Winners Do Quit: Be Wise About Your Goals 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。文章开篇提到很多人鼓励竞争和坚持，接着指出坚持要有限度，过度坚持不切实际的目标会带来问题，然后说明“目标脱离”的重要性，并给出相关建议。所以文章主要讨论的是要明智地对待目标，懂得放弃不切实际的目标。故D项“成功者会放弃：明智地对待你的目标”最适合作为本文标题。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：persevere v．坚持，孜孜以求→perseverance(Para.2)n.不屈不挠的精神，毅力 Para.2：uplifting adj.令人振奋的　bias n．偏见，成见；偏心　informative adj.提供有用信息的，给予知识的　frustrating adj.令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的　unrealistic adj.不现实的，不切实际的 Para.3：hint n．窍门；暗示，提示 Para.4：identity n．身份　define v．给……下定义，解释……的含义　revise v．改变，修改；复习 必备 短语 Para.1：frown on/upon不赞成， 反对(尤指某人的行为) Para.2：put simply 简单地说　miss out on...错失……的机会 Para.3：in the long term从长远来看 B (2025·四川成都诊断性测试) A quiet revolution is happening in autonomous systems, freeing us from the burdens of labor and giving us more control over our lives. A robotaxi can give you a smooth ride to wherever you need to go while a humanoid robot can handle chores at home. Undoubtedly, instead of spending time driving, or folding laundry, we can engage in intellectual, artistic, and social pursuits that were previously unimaginable. We can learn new languages, develop new skills, or connect more deeply with loved ones. We are close to a future where the freedom to create and explore is no longer limited by the demands of daily life. However, undeniable convenience as these autonomous systems offer, there's something special about the tasks they aim to replace. Learning to drive, or even folding laundry is not just chores but the very fabric of our human experience. The first time you got behind the wheel of a car gave you a moment of growth and independence. Folding laundry can be a quiet, reflective moment—a reminder that life is made up of simple rhythms. Here lies the contradiction: Autonomy isn't just about freedom from work but control. As we hand over more control to machines, we are losing some of our own. Take Full Self­-Driving (FSD) system, for example. Despite the incredible convenience and safety it offers, we need to reflect on what we might be leaving behind as we move closer to this reality. For many, driving is more than just a means of getting from one destination to another—it's an experience about freedom and control. The sensory connection to the road, and even the joy of mastering the art of driving are elements that technology might replace, but not necessarily reproduce. True human autonomy is not just about handing over daily tasks to machines. It's about the choice to engage in those tasks when we want to. The simple act of driving a car, or cleaning a home is more than just a function; it's an expression of our humanity. Perhaps that's the real challenge in front of us as autonomous systems become more integrated into our lives: how to use these machines to enhance our freedom without losing the very expression of our humanity. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。自主系统带给人们无可否认的便利，但同时人们也可能因此丧失一部分属于自己的控制权和人类体验。 5．What do autonomous systems probably enable us to get? A.Greater abilities to handle chores. B.Higher intellectual ambitions. C.More opportunities to develop creativity. D.A free future of living without limits. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。第二段讲毫无疑问， 不用花时间开车或者叠衣服， 人们可以参加那些以前难以想象的知识性、艺术性和社交性的活动，人们可以学习新的语言、培养新的技能，或者与所爱的人建立更深厚的联系。由此可推知，因为有了自主系统，人们可以有时间投入一些激发创造力的活动之中。 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A.The value of routine experiences. B.The freedom through technology. C.The reflections on personal growth. D.The room for improving autonomous systems. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。 第三段首句是段落主旨句， 表明尽管这些自主系统带来了无可否认的便利， 但它们试图取代的那些任务却有着独特的意义。接着以学习开车和叠衣服为例，具体说明这些日常活动是人类经历的重要组成部分。由此可知，本段主要关注日常经历的价值，A项中的routine experiences指的就是第三段中讲的学习开车、叠衣服等日常经历。 7．Why does the author mention “FSD system”？ A.To demonstrate the joy of driving. B.To argue against the freedom from work. C.To give an example of technological convenience. D.To stress the loss of control and human experience. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。第五段以完全自动驾驶系统为例， 说明尽管它带来了难以置信的便利和安全性， 但人们需要反思在这个过程中可能会失去什么。接着作者具体说明，对很多人来说，驾驶不仅是从一个地方到另一个地方的出行方式， 更是一种关于自由和掌控的体验；与道路的感官联系，甚至是掌握驾驶技巧所带来的乐趣，这些都是技术可能会取代，但不一定能复制的元素。 由此可知， 作者提及完全自动驾驶系统是为了强调因自主系统而造成的控制权和人类体验的丧失，D项中的control与文中的“an experience about freedom and control”呼应，并且该选项中的human experience与文中的“The sensory connection to the road, and even the joy of mastering the art of driving”呼应。 8．What message does the author mainly convey? A.Technology serves as a helping hand. B.Freedom isn't what technology offers us. C.The future of autonomous systems is in our hands. D.There are conflicts between innovation and autonomy. 答案：D 解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，作者一方面承认自主系统带来的便利，另一方面呼吁人们关注在这一过程中人们可能丧失的控制权和人类体验。最后作者强调真正的人类自主不仅仅是把日常任务交给机器，而是保留人们选择参与这些任务的权利，利用机器增强自由的同时又不失去人性的表达。故D项“创新和自主之间存在冲突”是作者主要想传递的信息。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：revolution n．巨变，大变革； 革命　handle v．处理，应付 (局势、人、工作或感情)；控制，操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)　chore n．日常事务，例行工作 Para.2：undoubtedly adv.毫无疑问地，确定无疑地　fold v．折叠，对折　laundry n．要(或正在)洗的衣物，刚洗好的衣物；洗衣房，洗衣店　pursuit n．事业，消遣，爱好；追求；追赶　unimaginable adj.不可想象的，难以置信的 Para.3：undeniable adj.不可否认的，无可争辩的　fabric n．(社会、机构等的)结构；织物，布料　reflective adj.沉思的，深思的　rhythm n．规则变化；节奏，韵律 Para.4：contradiction n．(事实、看法、行动等的)不一致，矛盾 Para.5：element n．要素，基本部分，典型部分　reproduce v．复制；再生产；繁殖，生育 必备 短语 Para.4：hand over把……送交，交出；移交(权力、责任) Para.5：reflect on反省，考虑 感谢您的观看 $