Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 语言点讲解 讲义-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版必修第一册

Book 1 U3 P38 【1】 sweat vt. 使出汗；使汗湿 vi. 出汗；流汗；n. 汗水；出汗【续写】 汗珠 beads of sweat 擦去脸上 / 额头上的汗水 wipe the sweat from your face/ forehead 大汗淋漓 the sweat pours off sb. eg. All the players ran up and down the court, the sweat pouring off them. 独立主格 eg. I moved slowly and nervously onto the stage, my heart racing and my palms sweating, beads of sweat trickling down my forehead.【什么结构？】 【2】 make it 获得成功；准时到达 eg. The little boy tried many times and made it at last. eg. The flight is leaving in twenty minutes — we will never make it. eg. I am afraid I can't make it to the meeting tomorrow. 【3】 honour/ honor n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 in honour of sb.为纪念某人；为向某人表示敬意 eg. The monument纪念碑 was built in honour of the soldier who died for the country. have the honor of (doing) sth./ have the honor to do sth得到某殊荣；有幸做某事 eg. I'm glad to have the honour of being /to be invited to your party. It’s a great honor to do sth.做某事是一种荣幸 eg. It's a great honour as well as=and a great responsibility for a country to host the Olympic Games. v. 尊敬；尊重（某人）；给予表扬 honor sb with sth.用某物表彰某人 honor sb for sth.因… 而表彰某人 eg. The government has honoured this scientist with a knighthood爵士头衔 for his contribution. be/ feel honored to do sth.做… 感到荣幸 eg. I'm greatly honoured to stand here and share my understanding of garbage classification垃圾分类 with you.【演讲稿】 【4】 determination n. 决心；决意 顽强地；有决心地 做某事的决心 eg. We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination. eg. I admire her determination to get it right. determine v. 影响；决定；形成 eg. Upbringing plays an important part in determining a person's character. determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 下定决心做某事 eg. Determined to win the championship, he is training hard everyday. 【5】 injure v. 使受伤；损害 injury n. 伤害；损伤 （严重）受伤 eg. He was badly injured when he was cycling along the valley. injured adj. 受伤的；受委屈的 the injured 受伤的人 / 伤员 eg. After the accident, the injured were rushed /hurried to hospital right away. 【6】 failure [U] n. 失败 [C] n. 失败的人或事 eg. Because of economic crisis, his career ended in failure. eg. The experiment turned out (to be) a (total) failure. fail v. 失败；未做 未能做 eg. I'm writing to apologize for failing to meet you at the airport as arranged. （道歉信句式） eg. Don't lose heart when you fail at something. The key to success is learning from the failures. With a determined mind and continuous efforts, you can make it in time. 【7】 give up 放弃；认输 give 短语：give in (to) give away give off give out eg. If you give away the secret, you'll have to answer for it. eg. Fireflies give off flashes of light when they fly at night. eg. We will never give in to violence. eg. The Coast Guard had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive. 【8】 rather than 而不是… rather than 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than__________的成分在人称和数上保持一致。（就近原则） e.g. You rather than I __________ (be) going camping. rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个不定式常___________ e.g. He wanted to swim rather than __________ (play) volleyball. Rather than stay __________ here, I prefer to leave. e.g. 【翻译】我同意这样的观点，即健康而不是体重问题对我们的生活和学习产生影响。 【9】 cut out 停止做；删除；剪下- e.g. I have decided to cut out smoking and drinking. You'd better cut out the last two paragraphs of your article. He cut out a picture from the newspaper he had just read. 【10】 compare 比较 比较 A 和 B 把 A 比作 B 与… 比较（作状语） e.g. It is interesting to compare their situation and/with/to ours. We carefully compared the first report and/with/to the second. The author compared mountains to difficulties in life. I've had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared with/to yours. e.g. Compared with women in the past, women in modern times are playing a very important role in sports. They can take part in any sports event to compete for the countries. 【11】 stress n. 压力 在压力下 在… 的压力下 强调 / 重视… e.g. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can _________, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood. stress vt. 强调 强调… 的重要性 e.g. Our boss often stresses the importance of cooperation in doing our work. 合作 stressful adj. （令人）紧张的；有压力的 stressed adj. （感到）紧张的，焦虑不安的 e.g. Jerry__________（处于压力之下） for one month. He has so much __________(stress) work to do that he feels desperately __________(stress). 很疲惫 e.g. I highly recommend you take part in outdoor activities, a good way to strengthen your body and ease your stress. 【12】 compete v. 竞争，对抗；参加比赛 与某人竞争 为… 竞争 参加… 比赛，在… 中竞争 竞相做某事 e.g. Life is like a long race where we compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves. How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games? Several advertising agencies are competing to get the contract. competition n. 竞争；比赛 competitor n. 竞争者；对手 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 e.g. Working in such a competitive industry whose competition is so fierce, the competitors bear great stress. 【13】 make sense 有道理；讲得通；明智 Some Internet buzzwords (流行词) can only make sense with the context of the Internet. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory (矛盾的), but they are easy to learn and recite. 做某事是明智的 e.g. 【名言翻译】未雨绸缪 【14】 even if/though 即使；虽然 ？as if/though e.g. Even if they are right, the debate will not be over. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking as if I had done it? 虚拟语气 强调句 e.g. Even if I wore warm gloves, a hat and a heavy coat, the bone - chilling/icy wind passed through them, making me shiver/shake/tremble violently. 【15】 pretend v. 假装 假装做某事 假装正在做某事 假装已经做过某事 e.g. He pretended to be doing his homework when the teacher came in. When asked about the content of the book, he pretended to have read it. e.g. The next day, Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument. 【16】 make a difference 有作用，有影响 对某人 / 某物有影响 e.g. 【名言翻译】失之毫厘，谬之千里。 对某人 / 某物有一些 / 很大影响 对某人 / 某物有几乎没有 / 没有影响 e.g. Jenny has been teaching in a mountainous area since graduation, hoping what she has done can make a great difference to those poor kids' future life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $