重难点15 阅读七选五之两大常考语篇类型（重难专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点15 阅读七选五之两大常考语篇类型（综合练） ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 高考英语七选五中最具代表性、也最常设题的 两大语篇类型 ， 一 是 说明文（占比最高） 。 语篇特征 ：结构清晰，逻辑性强。通常围绕一个核心概念、现象、方法或问题进行 “ 总-分-总 ” 或 “ 提出问题-分析问题-解决问题 ” 式的说明。 二 是 议论文 。 语篇特征 ：有明确的论点、论据和论证过程。作者试图说服读者接受某个观点。语气更具主观性，可能包含对立观点的呈现与反驳。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 逻辑关系矩阵图 —— 破解“句子间暗线” 2. 上下文衔接“三扣环”法 —— 破解“词汇线索隐匿” 3. 干扰项“三板斧”排除法 —— 破解“似是而非” 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 2 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 2 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【命题趋势】 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025全国I卷 人与自我 真诚服务和热情微笑为学生带来温暖 2025全国II卷 人与自我 家庭共同参与志愿活动带来好处 2025浙江1月卷 人与自我 推荐有效沟通的四种方式 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自我 使用英语词典体验 2024新课标II卷 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 2024全国甲卷 人与自我 适度饮食 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自我 自我宽恕中成长 2023新课标II卷 人与自我 开启艺术之旅建议 2023全国甲卷 人与自我 培养耐心秘诀 2023全国乙卷 人与自我 室内植物及其好处 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与自我 寻找健身小伙伴 2022新课标II卷 人与自我 写文章修改文章建议 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 外出吃饭注意事项 2022全国乙卷 人与社会 如何保持长久友谊的五条建议 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 在巴黎期间了解到的法国人的生活习惯 2021新课标II卷 人与自我 介绍帮助提高阅读速度的建议 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 交换衣服派对 2021全国乙卷 人与社会 介绍聚餐时的几点建议 【思维导图】 【命题趋势】 高考英语七选五的命题趋势是在稳定的体裁和结构框架下，深化对语篇宏观逻辑、微观衔接和语境一致性的考查。它不再只是“找对应词”的游戏，而是真正检验你是否能以英语为工具，理解一个结构完整、逻辑严谨的语篇。 【核心命题趋势与特点】 1. 体裁稳定，以说明文为主，偶尔出现议论文，记叙文极少。 说明文结构清晰，常围绕一个主题展开，分点阐述原因、方法、类别、益处、问题等。这符合考查学生把握文章结构和逻辑关系的能力目标。 2. 结构清晰，逻辑性强：文章通常采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。 段落内部和段落之间有明显、规范的逻辑关系，如： 并列/递进 (First... Second... Besides... Finally) 因果 (Therefore, As a result) 转折对比 (However, On the other hand) 举例 (For example, Such as) 解释说明 (In other words, That is to say) 3. 设空位置规律化 段首句：常考查段落主旨句或过渡句，需要承上启下。 段中句：最多见。常考查支持性细节、举例、或逻辑衔接词（如转折、因果、并列）。 段尾句：常考查段落总结句，或引出下文的过渡句。 4. 词汇衔接与复现是关键线索 原词/同根词复现：正确选项往往与上下文有相同的核心词汇。同义/近义替换：用不同的词表达相同或相似的概念。代词指代 (it, they, this, these, such, one等) 是解题的黄金线索，空前空后的代词必须能在选项中找到明确的指代对象。 5. 干扰项特征明显 细节错位：信息本身正确，但属于下文内容，或与所在段落主旨无关。 逻辑不符：使用了错误的逻辑连接词（比如上下文是转折，选项给的是递进）。 过度概括/绝对化：表述过于宽泛或绝对，与说明文客观严谨的风格不符。 重复信息：简单重复文中已明确的信息，而非推进论述。 【备考策略建议】 强化逻辑词训练：熟练掌握各种逻辑关系的标志性词汇，并能在解题时快速识别。 练习预判：在阅读选项前，根据空白位置和上下文，自己先预测一下可能的内容或逻辑功能。 紧抓“词汇网络”和“代词”：解题时，像侦探一样寻找词汇复现、同义替换和代词的指代对象。 把握“主旨为王”：每个选项都要思考：它是否服务于本段主旨？是否为文章主线贡献了新信息？ 回归原文验证：选定答案后，一定要将其代入原文通读，从逻辑、语法和意义上检查是否无缝衔接。 【技法一：重视明显的语篇标志---小标题】 【设题特点】 1.位置固定：通常位于文章开头，或段落开头（作为段落主旨）。最常见的形式是：一篇文章被分为几个部分（通常有A, B, C, D等字母标记），每个部分需要一个能概括其大意的标题。 2.风格统一：所有正确选项（即小标题）的语言风格、语法形式和长度通常保持一致。 3.高度概括性：正确的小标题是所在部分的“灵魂”，必须是对该部分核心思想的提炼，而非某个细节。 干扰项常常是：细节正确但以偏概全（将段落中的一个例子当作主旨）；范围过大或过小；与段落内容相关但并非核心。 4.关键词匹配与复现：小标题中的核心关键词，必然在该部分正文中通过同义词、近义词、反义词或具体解释等形式多次复现。段落中反复出现的词汇或概念，是锁定正确标题的关键线索。 5.逻辑并列或递进：多个小标题之间往往存在并列关系（从不同方面阐述主题，如：优点、缺点、建议）或递进关系（按步骤或逻辑顺序排列，如：第一步、第二步）。 【典例1】(2023全国甲卷) 　39　  So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.  A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据下文“when we experience something outside of our comfort zone”可知,本段主要围绕如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心展开。 【技法二：重视明显的语篇行文标志---主旨句】 【设题特点】 七选五所选文章通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个规律后，在“总—分”结构的文章中，观察每一部分(段落)的结构，如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。 【典例2】(2024全国甲卷) 　40　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.  A. Eat properly throughout the day. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. 【答案】A 【解析】一天中合理饮食：A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals→健康早餐的作用；keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night.→避免深夜进食；Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.→研究表明，只在你最活跃的时候吃东西，每天让你的消化系统休息一段时间，可能有助于控制体重。 技法三：重视明显的语篇行文标志---首段末尾处。 【设题特点】 首段末尾处的三大核心设题特点： 【特点一】选项功能的“宏观性”与“非细节性” 正确选项特点：必然是一个 “总领句” 。它的功能是设定议程、提出问题、预告结构，而不是提供具体信息。像目录：如 “Here are three effective strategies.” 像总问：如 “So how can we overcome this?” 像转折核心：如 “But the deeper issue lies in our mindset.” 干扰项设计（常见陷阱）： “细节前置”陷阱：把本该出现在第二、三段的具体内容（如第一个原因、第一个步骤、一个例子）放在这里。标志：First,... / For example,... / One major reason is... “片面概括”陷阱：选项只能概括下文紧接着的一段内容，但与第三、四段无关或矛盾。 “结论先行”陷阱：把文章最后才得出的结论或建议提前放在这里。 识别口诀：“首末不要‘首先’和‘例如’，要选能管全篇的‘总议题’。” 【特点二】逻辑指向的“双重性”（承上 + 启下） 正确选项特点：必须在逻辑上同时“扣住首段”和“锁住下文”。承上：通常通过代词(This, That, The problem)、同义转述或逻辑词(So, However)来衔接首段核心。启下：其关键词或语义范畴必须能覆盖下文多个段落的核心话题。 干扰项设计（常见陷阱）： “承上不启下”陷阱：选项只重复或总结首段内容，但与下文脱节。代入后感觉首段结束了，文章没下文了。 “启下不承上”陷阱：选项看似能引出某个话题，但与首段末尾的语境无法自然衔接，显得非常突兀。 “逻辑断裂”陷阱：使用的逻辑连接词（如Therefore, However）与上下文的实际关系不符。 【特点三】与下文结构的“强烈呼应性” 设题特点：出题人会确保下文段落的结构清晰（如并列的几点、递进的几层），而正确选项必须像“磁头”一样，能吸起后面所有的“铁环”（段落）。 具体呼应模式：若选项是 “Here are several ways...” ，则下文通常有 First, ... Second, ... Finally, ... 或 One way is... Another method is... 等并列结构。若选项是 “So why is this phenomenon so common?” ，则下文通常有 One reason is... Moreover, ... 等解释原因的结构。若选项是 “But the benefits are not limited to this.” ，则下文会开始论述其他方面的好处。 实战心法：“快速跳读下文各段首句，寻找结构线索（并列、递进、举例），然后用首段末尾的选项去匹配这个结构。” 【典例3】(2020新高考Ⅱ卷) Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 　36　  ●Stay positive. Go to your doctor’s office with a good attitude. 37.Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. Think teamwork! Think positive!  A. This will make getting answers easier. B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work. 【答案】B 【解析】本文主要讲述了与医生高效交流的几种方法——保持积极心态、跟踪记录个人感受、携带病历、提问题。和医生自由地交谈可使你感觉良好，并让医生了解你的信息，从而给你最好的治疗。不要因谈论困扰你的问题而感到害怕或尴尬，而下文是具体的做法，正确选项应该起到承上启下的作用。 技法四：重视明显的语篇句式结构---not only…but also…/some...others...still others...。 【设题特点】 七选五解题的一个关键突破口——语篇结构。像 not only…but also… 和 some...others...still others... 这类标志性句式，本身就是强大的解题“路标”。 结构先行，逻辑为王。这类题目不是考语法，而是考语篇逻辑结构。设空位置和选项设计都紧密围绕结构的完整性和逻辑的递进性。 1. Not only… but also…结构 设题本质： 考查平行/递进结构。前后部分在语法形式和语义重要性上应保持一致或递进。 常见设空位置与解题关键，设空在 but also 之后： 特点：这是最常见的位置。前面 not only 部分已给出，需要补全递进的后半部分。 解题关键： 寻找与 not only 后内容在语法结构上平行、在语义上更进一步的选项。 设空在 not only 之后（较少见，但存在）： 特点： 需要补全并列或递进的前半部分。 解题关键： 根据已知的 but also 部分，反向推导前半部分。内容上通常是同一范畴、重要性稍轻或并列。 陷阱选项特征： 结构不对称：词性、时态、句式（如一个是句子，一个是短语）与已知部分不匹配。逻辑不递进：内容与前半部分无关或属于同一层面，没有体现“而且、甚至”的递进意味。喧宾夺主：内容比前半部分更重要、更具体，这通常应该放在 but also 部分。 2. Some… others… still others… 结构 设题本质：考查分类列举与逻辑排序。体现对同一主题下不同情况的全面分类，通常有从主要到次要、从简单到复杂、或平行列举的顺序。 常见设空位置与解题关键，设空在 others 或 still others 之后： 特点：这是最高频的设题点。需要补全分类中的某一类。 解题关键：看主题句，空前往往有总起句。所有列举都必须围绕这个总主题。 找差异性： Some…, Others…, Still others… 三者内容应互斥且互补，共同构成较完整的图景。要找出已给两类之间的“空白”类别。 察逻辑流： 有时存在隐含顺序。 设空为 Still others 或整个列举框架： 特点：可能要求你识别出这是需要第三个层次分类的结构。 解题关键：如果看到 Some… 和 Others… 已经出现，且空格后内容明显是另一类不同情况，空格很可能就是 Still others…。 陷阱选项特征： 偏离主题： 所谈内容与总起句设定的主题范畴不符。类别重叠： 与已给出的 Some 或 Others 内容含义交叉，不能形成清晰分类。破坏顺序： 在存在逻辑递进（如消极→积极）时，选项放错了位置。 【典例4】(2023全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 　36　, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.  A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful 【答案】B 【解析】空格前一句提到室内植物在许多方面是家里的无名英雄，下文应对此做进一步解释，选项B“它们不仅看起来漂亮”符合语境，且与空后的but构成not only...but (also)...固定句型。 技法五：重视标点符号---空后是逗号，破折号或问号。 【设题特点】 七选五中的标点符号是无声的语法与逻辑路标。空后的标点（特别是逗号、破折号、问号）直接限定了句子结构，是排除错误选项的利器。 核心原则：标点决定句法关系---标点符号定义了空格与前后文的语法关系和语气，解题时必须优先遵守这一“游戏规则”。 1. 空后是逗号（,） 设题本质： 考查句内成分的衔接。逗号表示该句还未结束，空格内容必须与下文在语法上紧密相连，构成一个完整的句子。 常见结构：空格是主句，逗号后是从句（或非谓语等修饰成分）；空格是从句或状语，逗号后是主句；空格是插入语或同位语。 陷阱警报：选项以句号结束的完整句： 若代入后，空格自身以句点结束，再加逗号，是典型的语法错误。选项以连词开头（and, but, so, because等）： 除非构成并列句（主句， and/but 主句），否则会破坏句子主从关系。 2. 空后是破折号（—） 设题本质： 考查解释、强调或总结关系。破折号后的内容是对前面内容的进一步说明、例证、强调或戏剧性转折。 常见结构：空格是被解释的部分，破折号后是解释；空格是解释部分，破折号前是被解释对象；“描述—总结”结构。 独特优势：破折号具有高度指向性，前后语义联系非常紧密。找到这种“抽象—具体”或“现象—点评”的关系，答案往往唯一。 3. 空后是问号（?） 设题本质：考查疑问句的构建与上下文回应。这意味着空格本身很可能是一个完整的问句，或者其内容直接引出了后面的问句。 常见结构：空格本身是问句；空格是陈述句，引出后文的问句；空格是答句或对问句的回应。 【典例5】(2021全国乙卷) People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 　37　, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.  C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say 【答案】C 【解析】根据空后的标点符号和标点符号后的句子可推知,此空应该填入一个从句;再根据“‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知,空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。 【典例6】(2021全国乙卷) 　38　? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.  A. How do you know the host F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking 【答案】F 【解析】根据空后的标点符号可知，此空应该填入一个问句，选项中只有A项和F项是问句；再根据空后“If you can’t take their wine away”中的“wine”可知，F项中的“has had too much to drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达，因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。 (建议用时：25分钟) 【类型一：阅读理解七选五之说明文】 【保分练1】(2025-2026学年高三上学期北京市11中) Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 1 In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 2 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 3 The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 4 Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 5 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. 【保分练2】(2026年1月浙江高考首考) During your initial reading of material, do you ever go back and reread sentences or paragraphs? Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because you are asleep? 36 You are napping (打盹) or daydreaming. Halfway down the page you realize that you have no idea what you have read. 37 Thus, you go back and reread, not because you did not understand, but because you were not paying attention. This type of rereading is called regression. Napping and daydreaming are habits caused by lack of involvement with the material. Be demanding on yourself and expect 100 percent attention to the task. Engage your mind. Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. 38 If your mind is truly occupied with the text, you will not be able to think about Friday night or where to go on Saturday. Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to make up for wasted time. First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. 39 Say, “OK. I missed that paragraph because I was thinking of something else, but I’m going to keep on going and start paying close attention.” 40 Good readers who monitor their own comprehension use it in the reading process. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time. A. Both are to blame. B. Probably the latter is true. C. Don’t just read the words; think the ideas. D. Spend a few minutes reading the material aloud. E. Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. F. Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. G. Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. 【类型二：阅读理解七选五之议论文】 【保分练3】(25-26高三上·安徽六校联考) The number of cars on UK roads is growing. Finding places for people to park their vehicles is often difficult. Problems include old, narrow roads with no parking bays; the increasing size of cars such as SUVs (cars that are generally bigger and taller than a standard car); and families often having more than one vehicle. 1 Therefore, some people have turned to parking their cars on the pavement (人行道). 2 It is designed as a dedicated zone for pedestrians (行人), allowing individuals to travel to school, work, or shops. Is it ever OK to park on a pavement? Some think people need cars and they have to park somewhere. It would be great if everyone could travel by public transport but that isn’t always practical. 3 For most people, a monthly season ticket to a major city can cost hundreds of pounds. Others argue parking on the pavement is not fair. It means people might have to walk out into busy roads to get past. 4 For people with disabilities or blindness, this risk is even greater. In fact, parking on pavements is simply not acceptable as it prioritizes driver convenience over pedestrian safety. The long-term solution lies with urban designers. Increasing the supply of parking must be a top priority for them. 5 Additionally, improving reliable and affordable public transport would reduce our reliance on cars. Our streets need to be designed for everyone, not just for vehicles. A. This can probably cause accidents. B. Safety is the main concern for this. C. The issues have made finding somewhere to park a car tricky. D. They should make proper schedules to limit pavement parking. E. For example, they must invest in building more multi-storey car parks. F. The primary function of a pavement is to provide a safe path for people. G. Lots of places aren’t served by public transport and fares can be quite expensive. 【保分练4】(2024全国高考I卷) Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. (建议用时：30分钟) 【类型一：阅读理解七选五之说明文】 【抢分练】（25-26高三上·湖南长沙） Sustainable packaging has become a buzzword in recent years. From paper-based materials to biodegradable alternatives, the shift away from traditional plastics appears to be a step in the right direction. 1 One of the most popular alternatives to plastics is paper-based packaging. The logic appears sound. 2 However, the environmental cost of paper production is often overlooked. Compared to plastic, producing paper packaging requires significantly more energy and water. A study highlighted that paper bags require at least four times more energy to manufacture than plastic bags. 53 While many brands claim to use responsibly sourced or recycled paper, the global demand for paper packaging still places immense pressure on forests. This pressure will cause too much tree cutting and habitat loss, harming wildlife. And the loss of trees will reduce the planet’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Moreover, paper-based packaging is usually heavier than plastic packaging. 54 For instance, trucks carrying paper packages use more fuel, increasing emissions. This extra weight also makes logistics (物流) more challenging. Therefore, the full life cycle of paper packaging shows its eco-benefits aren’t as clear as they seem. 5 This means focusing on reducing waste first, making better waste management systems, and using sustainable materials in the best way. Only by doing all these things together can we cut down on environmental harm. A. This can make transportation less efficient. B. However, beneath the surface lies a more complex reality. C. Therefore, many brands now use paper-based packaging. D. Its production requires four times the energy of plastic bags. E. The destruction of forests linked to the paper industry is another concern. F. To achieve sustainable packaging completely, we need a well-rounded approach. G. Paper is biodegradable, recyclable, and can be obtained from renewable resources. 【抢分练2】(2024全国高考甲卷) What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【类型二：阅读理解七选五之议论文】 【抢分练3】（2026·高三上学期浙江强基联盟一模） Nostalgia — the warm feeling of longing for the past— is everywhere in today’s culture. Movies like Barbie, Indiana Jones, and Top Gun are drawing huge crowds by bringing back old favorites. 1 On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good. 2 According to Professor Ziyan Yang from the Institute of Psychology, CAS, nostalgia creates feelings of warmth, belonging, and even a mental escape to the past. During tough times — whether personal struggles or global crises — nostalgia acts like an emotional safety net. Movies and music are powerful triggers because they recreate familiar emotions and experiences. 3 First, it gives us a sense of control. Even when life feels unpredictable, reflecting on our past helps us feel more grounded and secure. Second, nostalgia strengthens social bonds. Though it seems like a personal experience, nostalgic memories often remind us of family, friends, and shared moments. What does nostalgia do to our brains? Mostly good things! Studies show it boosts happiness, creativity, and energy by activating positive emotions. 4 This youthful optimism encourages us to take risks and chase our goals. Some researchers suggest nostalgia acts like a “psychological immune system”, helping us cope with stress. But can too much nostalgia be harmful? In small amounts, it’s healthy. However, if we think about the past too much, it can keep us from moving forward. The key is balance — enjoying memories without losing sight of the present. 5 It helps us reconnect with our true selves and remember who we really are. In short, nostalgia isn’t just about reliving the past — it’s a tool that helps us navigate the present and future with hope. A. But why do we love nostalgia so much? B. This is why reunions feel so meaningful to us. C. Nostalgia also serves key psychological needs. D. However, psychology experts say there’s more to it. E. It can even make us feel younger and more optimistic. F. Remembering happy memories brings comfort and joy. G. Still, in general, nostalgia is a natural and positive part of life. 【抢分练4】(2025高考北京卷) What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 5 A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点15 阅读七选五之两大常考语篇类型（综合练） ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 高考英语七选五中最具代表性、也最常设题的 两大语篇类型 ， 一 是 说明文（占比最高） 。 语篇特征 ：结构清晰，逻辑性强。通常围绕一个核心概念、现象、方法或问题进行 “ 总-分-总 ” 或 “ 提出问题-分析问题-解决问题 ” 式的说明。 二 是 议论文 。 语篇特征 ：有明确的论点、论据和论证过程。作者试图说服读者接受某个观点。语气更具主观性，可能包含对立观点的呈现与反驳。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 逻辑关系矩阵图 —— 破解“句子间暗线” 2. 上下文衔接“三扣环”法 —— 破解“词汇线索隐匿” 3. 干扰项“三板斧”排除法 —— 破解“似是而非” 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 2 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 2 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【命题趋势】 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025全国I卷 人与自我 真诚服务和热情微笑为学生带来温暖 2025全国II卷 人与自我 家庭共同参与志愿活动带来好处 2025浙江1月卷 人与自我 推荐有效沟通的四种方式 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自我 使用英语词典体验 2024新课标II卷 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 2024全国甲卷 人与自我 适度饮食 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自我 自我宽恕中成长 2023新课标II卷 人与自我 开启艺术之旅建议 2023全国甲卷 人与自我 培养耐心秘诀 2023全国乙卷 人与自我 室内植物及其好处 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与自我 寻找健身小伙伴 2022新课标II卷 人与自我 写文章修改文章建议 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 外出吃饭注意事项 2022全国乙卷 人与社会 如何保持长久友谊的五条建议 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 在巴黎期间了解到的法国人的生活习惯 2021新课标II卷 人与自我 介绍帮助提高阅读速度的建议 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 交换衣服派对 2021全国乙卷 人与社会 介绍聚餐时的几点建议 【思维导图】 【命题趋势】 高考英语七选五的命题趋势是在稳定的体裁和结构框架下，深化对语篇宏观逻辑、微观衔接和语境一致性的考查。它不再只是“找对应词”的游戏，而是真正检验你是否能以英语为工具，理解一个结构完整、逻辑严谨的语篇。 【核心命题趋势与特点】 1. 体裁稳定，以说明文为主，偶尔出现议论文，记叙文极少。 说明文结构清晰，常围绕一个主题展开，分点阐述原因、方法、类别、益处、问题等。这符合考查学生把握文章结构和逻辑关系的能力目标。 2. 结构清晰，逻辑性强：文章通常采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。 段落内部和段落之间有明显、规范的逻辑关系，如： 并列/递进 (First... Second... Besides... Finally) 因果 (Therefore, As a result) 转折对比 (However, On the other hand) 举例 (For example, Such as) 解释说明 (In other words, That is to say) 3. 设空位置规律化 段首句：常考查段落主旨句或过渡句，需要承上启下。 段中句：最多见。常考查支持性细节、举例、或逻辑衔接词（如转折、因果、并列）。 段尾句：常考查段落总结句，或引出下文的过渡句。 4. 词汇衔接与复现是关键线索 原词/同根词复现：正确选项往往与上下文有相同的核心词汇。同义/近义替换：用不同的词表达相同或相似的概念。代词指代 (it, they, this, these, such, one等) 是解题的黄金线索，空前空后的代词必须能在选项中找到明确的指代对象。 5. 干扰项特征明显 细节错位：信息本身正确，但属于下文内容，或与所在段落主旨无关。 逻辑不符：使用了错误的逻辑连接词（比如上下文是转折，选项给的是递进）。 过度概括/绝对化：表述过于宽泛或绝对，与说明文客观严谨的风格不符。 重复信息：简单重复文中已明确的信息，而非推进论述。 【备考策略建议】 强化逻辑词训练：熟练掌握各种逻辑关系的标志性词汇，并能在解题时快速识别。 练习预判：在阅读选项前，根据空白位置和上下文，自己先预测一下可能的内容或逻辑功能。 紧抓“词汇网络”和“代词”：解题时，像侦探一样寻找词汇复现、同义替换和代词的指代对象。 把握“主旨为王”：每个选项都要思考：它是否服务于本段主旨？是否为文章主线贡献了新信息？ 回归原文验证：选定答案后，一定要将其代入原文通读，从逻辑、语法和意义上检查是否无缝衔接。 【技法一：重视明显的语篇标志---小标题】 【设题特点】 1.位置固定：通常位于文章开头，或段落开头（作为段落主旨）。最常见的形式是：一篇文章被分为几个部分（通常有A, B, C, D等字母标记），每个部分需要一个能概括其大意的标题。 2.风格统一：所有正确选项（即小标题）的语言风格、语法形式和长度通常保持一致。 3.高度概括性：正确的小标题是所在部分的“灵魂”，必须是对该部分核心思想的提炼，而非某个细节。 干扰项常常是：细节正确但以偏概全（将段落中的一个例子当作主旨）；范围过大或过小；与段落内容相关但并非核心。 4.关键词匹配与复现：小标题中的核心关键词，必然在该部分正文中通过同义词、近义词、反义词或具体解释等形式多次复现。段落中反复出现的词汇或概念，是锁定正确标题的关键线索。 5.逻辑并列或递进：多个小标题之间往往存在并列关系（从不同方面阐述主题，如：优点、缺点、建议）或递进关系（按步骤或逻辑顺序排列，如：第一步、第二步）。 【典例1】(2023全国甲卷) 　39　  So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.  A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据下文“when we experience something outside of our comfort zone”可知,本段主要围绕如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心展开。 【技法二：重视明显的语篇行文标志---主旨句】 【设题特点】 七选五所选文章通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个规律后，在“总—分”结构的文章中，观察每一部分(段落)的结构，如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。 【典例2】(2024全国甲卷) 　40　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.  A. Eat properly throughout the day. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. 【答案】A 【解析】一天中合理饮食：A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals→健康早餐的作用；keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night.→避免深夜进食；Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.→研究表明，只在你最活跃的时候吃东西，每天让你的消化系统休息一段时间，可能有助于控制体重。 技法三：重视明显的语篇行文标志---首段末尾处。 【设题特点】 首段末尾处的三大核心设题特点： 【特点一】选项功能的“宏观性”与“非细节性” 正确选项特点：必然是一个 “总领句” 。它的功能是设定议程、提出问题、预告结构，而不是提供具体信息。像目录：如 “Here are three effective strategies.” 像总问：如 “So how can we overcome this?” 像转折核心：如 “But the deeper issue lies in our mindset.” 干扰项设计（常见陷阱）： “细节前置”陷阱：把本该出现在第二、三段的具体内容（如第一个原因、第一个步骤、一个例子）放在这里。标志：First,... / For example,... / One major reason is... “片面概括”陷阱：选项只能概括下文紧接着的一段内容，但与第三、四段无关或矛盾。 “结论先行”陷阱：把文章最后才得出的结论或建议提前放在这里。 识别口诀：“首末不要‘首先’和‘例如’，要选能管全篇的‘总议题’。” 【特点二】逻辑指向的“双重性”（承上 + 启下） 正确选项特点：必须在逻辑上同时“扣住首段”和“锁住下文”。承上：通常通过代词(This, That, The problem)、同义转述或逻辑词(So, However)来衔接首段核心。启下：其关键词或语义范畴必须能覆盖下文多个段落的核心话题。 干扰项设计（常见陷阱）： “承上不启下”陷阱：选项只重复或总结首段内容，但与下文脱节。代入后感觉首段结束了，文章没下文了。 “启下不承上”陷阱：选项看似能引出某个话题，但与首段末尾的语境无法自然衔接，显得非常突兀。 “逻辑断裂”陷阱：使用的逻辑连接词（如Therefore, However）与上下文的实际关系不符。 【特点三】与下文结构的“强烈呼应性” 设题特点：出题人会确保下文段落的结构清晰（如并列的几点、递进的几层），而正确选项必须像“磁头”一样，能吸起后面所有的“铁环”（段落）。 具体呼应模式：若选项是 “Here are several ways...” ，则下文通常有 First, ... Second, ... Finally, ... 或 One way is... Another method is... 等并列结构。若选项是 “So why is this phenomenon so common?” ，则下文通常有 One reason is... Moreover, ... 等解释原因的结构。若选项是 “But the benefits are not limited to this.” ，则下文会开始论述其他方面的好处。 实战心法：“快速跳读下文各段首句，寻找结构线索（并列、递进、举例），然后用首段末尾的选项去匹配这个结构。” 【典例3】(2020新高考Ⅱ卷) Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 　36　  ●Stay positive. Go to your doctor’s office with a good attitude. 37.Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. Think teamwork! Think positive!  A. This will make getting answers easier. B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work. 【答案】B 【解析】本文主要讲述了与医生高效交流的几种方法——保持积极心态、跟踪记录个人感受、携带病历、提问题。和医生自由地交谈可使你感觉良好，并让医生了解你的信息，从而给你最好的治疗。不要因谈论困扰你的问题而感到害怕或尴尬，而下文是具体的做法，正确选项应该起到承上启下的作用。 技法四：重视明显的语篇句式结构---not only…but also…/some...others...still others...。 【设题特点】 七选五解题的一个关键突破口——语篇结构。像 not only…but also… 和 some...others...still others... 这类标志性句式，本身就是强大的解题“路标”。 结构先行，逻辑为王。这类题目不是考语法，而是考语篇逻辑结构。设空位置和选项设计都紧密围绕结构的完整性和逻辑的递进性。 1. Not only… but also…结构 设题本质： 考查平行/递进结构。前后部分在语法形式和语义重要性上应保持一致或递进。 常见设空位置与解题关键，设空在 but also 之后： 特点：这是最常见的位置。前面 not only 部分已给出，需要补全递进的后半部分。 解题关键： 寻找与 not only 后内容在语法结构上平行、在语义上更进一步的选项。 设空在 not only 之后（较少见，但存在）： 特点： 需要补全并列或递进的前半部分。 解题关键： 根据已知的 but also 部分，反向推导前半部分。内容上通常是同一范畴、重要性稍轻或并列。 陷阱选项特征： 结构不对称：词性、时态、句式（如一个是句子，一个是短语）与已知部分不匹配。逻辑不递进：内容与前半部分无关或属于同一层面，没有体现“而且、甚至”的递进意味。喧宾夺主：内容比前半部分更重要、更具体，这通常应该放在 but also 部分。 2. Some… others… still others… 结构 设题本质：考查分类列举与逻辑排序。体现对同一主题下不同情况的全面分类，通常有从主要到次要、从简单到复杂、或平行列举的顺序。 常见设空位置与解题关键，设空在 others 或 still others 之后： 特点：这是最高频的设题点。需要补全分类中的某一类。 解题关键：看主题句，空前往往有总起句。所有列举都必须围绕这个总主题。 找差异性： Some…, Others…, Still others… 三者内容应互斥且互补，共同构成较完整的图景。要找出已给两类之间的“空白”类别。 察逻辑流： 有时存在隐含顺序。 设空为 Still others 或整个列举框架： 特点：可能要求你识别出这是需要第三个层次分类的结构。 解题关键：如果看到 Some… 和 Others… 已经出现，且空格后内容明显是另一类不同情况，空格很可能就是 Still others…。 陷阱选项特征： 偏离主题： 所谈内容与总起句设定的主题范畴不符。类别重叠： 与已给出的 Some 或 Others 内容含义交叉，不能形成清晰分类。破坏顺序： 在存在逻辑递进（如消极→积极）时，选项放错了位置。 【典例4】(2023全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 　36　, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.  A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful 【答案】B 【解析】空格前一句提到室内植物在许多方面是家里的无名英雄，下文应对此做进一步解释，选项B“它们不仅看起来漂亮”符合语境，且与空后的but构成not only...but (also)...固定句型。 技法五：重视标点符号---空后是逗号，破折号或问号。 【设题特点】 七选五中的标点符号是无声的语法与逻辑路标。空后的标点（特别是逗号、破折号、问号）直接限定了句子结构，是排除错误选项的利器。 核心原则：标点决定句法关系---标点符号定义了空格与前后文的语法关系和语气，解题时必须优先遵守这一“游戏规则”。 1. 空后是逗号（,） 设题本质： 考查句内成分的衔接。逗号表示该句还未结束，空格内容必须与下文在语法上紧密相连，构成一个完整的句子。 常见结构：空格是主句，逗号后是从句（或非谓语等修饰成分）；空格是从句或状语，逗号后是主句；空格是插入语或同位语。 陷阱警报：选项以句号结束的完整句： 若代入后，空格自身以句点结束，再加逗号，是典型的语法错误。选项以连词开头（and, but, so, because等）： 除非构成并列句（主句， and/but 主句），否则会破坏句子主从关系。 2. 空后是破折号（—） 设题本质： 考查解释、强调或总结关系。破折号后的内容是对前面内容的进一步说明、例证、强调或戏剧性转折。 常见结构：空格是被解释的部分，破折号后是解释；空格是解释部分，破折号前是被解释对象；“描述—总结”结构。 独特优势：破折号具有高度指向性，前后语义联系非常紧密。找到这种“抽象—具体”或“现象—点评”的关系，答案往往唯一。 3. 空后是问号（?） 设题本质：考查疑问句的构建与上下文回应。这意味着空格本身很可能是一个完整的问句，或者其内容直接引出了后面的问句。 常见结构：空格本身是问句；空格是陈述句，引出后文的问句；空格是答句或对问句的回应。 【典例5】(2021全国乙卷) People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 　37　, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.  C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say 【答案】C 【解析】根据空后的标点符号和标点符号后的句子可推知,此空应该填入一个从句;再根据“‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知,空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。 【典例6】(2021全国乙卷) 　38　? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.  A. How do you know the host F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking 【答案】F 【解析】根据空后的标点符号可知，此空应该填入一个问句，选项中只有A项和F项是问句；再根据空后“If you can’t take their wine away”中的“wine”可知，F项中的“has had too much to drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达，因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。 (建议用时：25分钟) 【类型一：阅读理解七选五之说明文】 【保分练1】(2025-2026学年高三上学期北京市11中) Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 1 In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 2 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 3 The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 4 Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 5 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几个实验，告诉我们幽默有助于缓解压力，促进社会关系。幽默不仅令人愉快，更重要的是，让人充满活力。 1. 由上文“He even recorded various types of laughter.”(他甚至记录了各种笑声。)可知，此处描写了一个美国音响工程师记录了各种笑声，所以空处应该是描述记录各种笑声的结果，G选项“He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.”(他发现一个简单的“哈哈”可以传达大量与社会相关的信息。)符合，承接上文，故选G。 2. 由上文“In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies.”(2016年在加州大学进行的一项研究中，记录了来自24个不同社会背景的成对说英语学生的笑声样本，并向听众播放。)和下文“On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.”(平均来说，结果是非常一致的: 在世界范围内，人们的猜测大约有60%的正确率。)可知，空后是该实验的结果，空前是描述该实验内容，所以可以推断出，空处应该也是描述该实验，且是该实验的最后一步，A选项“Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.”(参与者被问及每一对是朋友还是陌生人。)符合，故选A。 3. 由上文“Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace.”(另一项由澳大利亚国立大学研究人员进行的研究，这项研究基于这样一种假设，即幽默可能会为工作场所的枯燥情况提供一个暂停的机会。)可知，此处描述了实验前的假设，结合空后“The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text.”(研究人员首先要求学生划掉两页文本中字母“e”。)可知，空后开始描述实验步骤，所以可以推断出，空处是对空前内容进一步描写，B选项“This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.”(这种“精神暂停”可能促进了精神资源的增加。)符合，其中“break”呼应上句中的“pause”，都表示“暂停”，故选B。 4. 由上文“The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win.”(然后，学生们完成了一项需要坚持的任务，要求他们根据提供的个人资料猜测员工的潜在表现，他们并被告知连续做出10个正确的评估将会取得胜利。)可知，此处描述实验内容，结合下文“Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group.”(那些观看了憨豆先生视频的学生最终会花更多的时间在这项任务上，做出的猜测任务是另一组的两倍。)可知，此处描写实验结果，所以可以推断出，空处应该是承接上文，继续描写实验内容，E选项“However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.”(然而，软件被设计成不可能得到10个正确答案。)符合，其中“10 correct answers”与上文“making 10 correct assessments in a row”相呼应，故选E。 5. 根据下文“Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group.”(同样，那些观看幽默视频的参与者在这项无聊的任务上花费了更多的时间，并且相比于其他组的学生，他们完成了更多的问题，正确率也更高。)可知，此处是描述实验结果，所以可以推断出空处应该是描述实验内容，C选项“The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.”(然后，研究人员让参与者用手完成很多乘法题。)符合，其中“long multiplication questions by hand.”和下文中的“this boring task”相呼应，故选C。 【保分练2】(2026年1月浙江高考首考) During your initial reading of material, do you ever go back and reread sentences or paragraphs? Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because you are asleep? 36 You are napping (打盹) or daydreaming. Halfway down the page you realize that you have no idea what you have read. 37 Thus, you go back and reread, not because you did not understand, but because you were not paying attention. This type of rereading is called regression. Napping and daydreaming are habits caused by lack of involvement with the material. Be demanding on yourself and expect 100 percent attention to the task. Engage your mind. Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. 38 If your mind is truly occupied with the text, you will not be able to think about Friday night or where to go on Saturday. Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to make up for wasted time. First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. 39 Say, “OK. I missed that paragraph because I was thinking of something else, but I’m going to keep on going and start paying close attention.” 40 Good readers who monitor their own comprehension use it in the reading process. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time. A. Both are to blame. B. Probably the latter is true. C. Don’t just read the words; think the ideas. D. Spend a few minutes reading the material aloud. E. Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. F. Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. G. Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. 【答案】36. B 37. E 38. C 39. F 40. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍阅读中因打瞌睡导致的回读现象，分析原因并给出专注阅读、克服该习惯的建议。 36. B 根据上文“Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because you are asleep? (是因为材料太难，第一次读不懂，还是因为你打瞌睡了？)”以及下文“You are napping (打盹) or daydreaming. (你在打盹或做白日梦。)”可知，此处应承接上文的两个疑问，明确更可能是后者（打瞌睡）的情况，B选项“Probably the latter is true. (可能后者是对的。)”中的the latter指代上文because you are asleep，与下文的打盹、做白日梦相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 37. E 根据上文“Halfway down the page you realize that you have no idea what you have read. (读到页面中间，你意识到自己根本不知道读了什么。)”以及下文“Thus, you go back and reread, not because you did not understand, but because you were not paying attention. (因此，你回去重读，不是因为你不懂，而是因为你没有集中注意力。)”可知，此处应体现眼睛在看但大脑没专注的状态，E选项“Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. (你的眼睛在看，但你的大脑没有投入。)”既解释了为什么不知道读了什么，又为下文“没集中注意力”的原因做铺垫，符合语境。故选E项。 38. C 根据上文“Engage your mind. Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. (集中注意力。想象即将接收的观点，并将新材料与你已有的知识联系起来。)”以及下文“If your mind is truly occupied with the text, you will not be able to think about Friday night or where to go on Saturday. (如果你的大脑真的专注于文本，你就不会去想周五晚上或周六去哪里。)”可知，此处应强调阅读时要思考观点而非只看文字，C选项“Don’t just read the words; think the ideas. (不要只看文字，要思考其中的观点。)”与上文Engage your mind和下文mind is truly occupied with the text相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 39. F 根据上文“First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. (首先，要意识到自己何时以及为何会回读。)”以及下文“Say, “OK. I missed that paragraph because I was thinking of something else, but I’m going to keep on going and start paying close attention.” (比如，“好的。我因为想别的事情错过了那一段，但我会继续读下去，并开始集中注意力。”)”可知，此处应体现意识到回读原因后，要拒绝回读以打破习惯，F选项“Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. (然后，开始拒绝自己回读的权利，以打破这个习惯。)”中的Then承接上文First of all, denying yourself the right与下文keep on going相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 40. G 根据下文“Good readers who monitor their own comprehension use it in the reading process. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time. (善于监控自己理解程度的优秀读者会在阅读过程中使用它。然而，因为打瞌睡而回读是浪费时间。)”可知，此处应区分两种回读，强调因不懂而回读是合理的，G选项“Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. (因为不懂而回读是一种合理的补救策略。)”中的Rereading because you did not understand与下文regressing because your mind was asleep形成对比，reasonable fix-up strategy与下文use it in the reading process相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 【类型二：阅读理解七选五之议论文】 【保分练3】(25-26高三上·安徽六校联考) The number of cars on UK roads is growing. Finding places for people to park their vehicles is often difficult. Problems include old, narrow roads with no parking bays; the increasing size of cars such as SUVs (cars that are generally bigger and taller than a standard car); and families often having more than one vehicle. 1 Therefore, some people have turned to parking their cars on the pavement (人行道). 2 It is designed as a dedicated zone for pedestrians (行人), allowing individuals to travel to school, work, or shops. Is it ever OK to park on a pavement? Some think people need cars and they have to park somewhere. It would be great if everyone could travel by public transport but that isn’t always practical. 3 For most people, a monthly season ticket to a major city can cost hundreds of pounds. Others argue parking on the pavement is not fair. It means people might have to walk out into busy roads to get past. 4 For people with disabilities or blindness, this risk is even greater. In fact, parking on pavements is simply not acceptable as it prioritizes driver convenience over pedestrian safety. The long-term solution lies with urban designers. Increasing the supply of parking must be a top priority for them. 5 Additionally, improving reliable and affordable public transport would reduce our reliance on cars. Our streets need to be designed for everyone, not just for vehicles. A. This can probably cause accidents. B. Safety is the main concern for this. C. The issues have made finding somewhere to park a car tricky. D. They should make proper schedules to limit pavement parking. E. For example, they must invest in building more multi-storey car parks. F. The primary function of a pavement is to provide a safe path for people. G. Lots of places aren’t served by public transport and fares can be quite expensive. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. G 4. A 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨英国停车难问题及人行道停车现象，分析利弊并提出改善停车与公交系统的解决方案。 1. 上文“The number of cars on UK roads is growing. Finding places for people to park their vehicles is often difficult. Problems include old, narrow roads with no parking bays; the increasing size of cars such as SUVs (cars that are generally bigger and taller than a standard car); and families often having more than one vehicle. (英国道路上的汽车数量正在增加。为人们寻找停车的地方往往很困难。问题包括没有停车位的老旧狭窄道路、运动型多用途汽车这类体型越来越大的车辆，以及很多家庭拥有不止一辆车。)”说明英国存在多种停车难题。空处需要承接上文，引出“人行道停车”的结果。C项“The issues have made finding somewhere to park a car tricky. (这些问题使得找地方停车变得很棘手。)”中的“The issues”与上文提到的停车难题相呼应，且句义能自然引出下文人们在人行道停车的行为，空处和前文为顺接关系。故选C。 2. 下文“It is designed as a dedicated zone for pedestrians (行人), allowing individuals to travel to school, work, or shops. (它被设计成行人的专用区域，方便人们上学、上班或购物。)”中的“It”指代前文内容，且描述的是某一场所的功能。F项“The primary function of a pavement is to provide a safe path for people. (人行道的主要功能是为人们提供一条安全的通道。)”直接点明人行道的功能，与下文对人行道用途的描述相契合，空处和后文为解释说明关系。故选F。 3. 上文“It would be great if everyone could travel by public transport but that isn’t always practical. (如果每个人都能乘坐公共交通工具出行当然很好，但这并不总是可行的。)”提出公共交通出行不切实际的观点。下文“For most people, a monthly season ticket to a major city can cost hundreds of pounds. (对大多数人来说，去大城市的月票可能要花几百英镑。)”提到公共交通费用高昂。G项“Lots of places aren’t served by public transport and fares can be quite expensive. (很多地方没有公共交通服务，而且车费相当昂贵。)”既解释了公共交通不切实际的原因，又与下文的费用内容相呼应，空处和前文为因果关系，和后文为并列关系。故选G。 4. 上文“It means people might have to walk out into busy roads to get past. (这意味着人们可能不得不走到繁忙的马路上才能通过。)”说明人行道停车会迫使行人走入车流。下文“For people with disabilities or blindness, this risk is even greater. (对于残疾人或盲人来说，这种风险更大。)”中的“this risk”指代前文提到的危险情况。A项“This can probably cause accidents. (这很可能会导致事故。)”承接上文行人走入车流的情况，点明该行为存在的风险，且与下文的 “risk”相呼应，空处和前文为因果关系，和后文为递进关系。故选A。 5. 上文“Increasing the supply of parking must be a top priority for them. (增加停车位供应必须是他们的首要任务。)”中的“them”指代前文的“urban designers (城市规划者)”，提出要增加停车位的观点。E项“For example, they must invest in building more multi-storey car parks. (例如，他们必须投资建设更多的多层停车场。)”中的“they”与“urban designers”对应，且用举例的方式说明增加停车位的具体措施，空处和前文为举例论证关系。故选E。 【保分练4】(2024全国高考I卷) Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【解析】 36. F 空白处前一句提到提交完美、专业呈现的原稿对于出版的重要性，后一句讲的是“编辑不太可能容忍不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。F项是对上文的进一步解释，指出提交完美原稿的要求是良好的语法和没有拼写错误。由此可知，F项符合语境。 37.B 空白处前一句提到作者不相信笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。B项“它不考虑上下文”是对作者不相信拼写检查程序原因的解释，由此可知，B项符合语境。 38. E 这段话主要讲述字典的多重作用和功能。空白处后提到字典可以提供每个词的精确定义、发音等信息，由此可知，E项“当然，字典不仅仅是为了(查)拼写”符合语境。与“It should give ...”、“It will also...”是顺承关系。 39. A 空白前提到作者拥有的 the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 包含了大量的词汇，词的组合和习惯用语。空白处后一句由 However 引出作者使用the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 的情况, A项“我并不经常使用这本词典”与后文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法的例子，没有比《牛津英语大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成转折关系，由此可知，A项符合语境。 40. D 空白前提到编写字典是一项乏味的工作，空白处后一句讲的是“稍微花几分钟阅读一两页的内容可以是一种有益的体验”，与空白前的内容形成转折关系，由此可知，D项“但读字典却可以是一种乐趣”符合语境，pleasure与dull形成了对比。 (建议用时：30分钟) 【类型一：阅读理解七选五之说明文】 【抢分练】（25-26高三上·湖南长沙） Sustainable packaging has become a buzzword in recent years. From paper-based materials to biodegradable alternatives, the shift away from traditional plastics appears to be a step in the right direction. 1 One of the most popular alternatives to plastics is paper-based packaging. The logic appears sound. 2 However, the environmental cost of paper production is often overlooked. Compared to plastic, producing paper packaging requires significantly more energy and water. A study highlighted that paper bags require at least four times more energy to manufacture than plastic bags. 53 While many brands claim to use responsibly sourced or recycled paper, the global demand for paper packaging still places immense pressure on forests. This pressure will cause too much tree cutting and habitat loss, harming wildlife. And the loss of trees will reduce the planet’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Moreover, paper-based packaging is usually heavier than plastic packaging. 54 For instance, trucks carrying paper packages use more fuel, increasing emissions. This extra weight also makes logistics (物流) more challenging. Therefore, the full life cycle of paper packaging shows its eco-benefits aren’t as clear as they seem. 5 This means focusing on reducing waste first, making better waste management systems, and using sustainable materials in the best way. Only by doing all these things together can we cut down on environmental harm. A. This can make transportation less efficient. B. However, beneath the surface lies a more complex reality. C. Therefore, many brands now use paper-based packaging. D. Its production requires four times the energy of plastic bags. E. The destruction of forests linked to the paper industry is another concern. F. To achieve sustainable packaging completely, we need a well-rounded approach. G. Paper is biodegradable, recyclable, and can be obtained from renewable resources. 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. E 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨纸质包装作为塑料替代品的环保性弊端，指出可持续包装需采取全面综合的策略。 1. 根据空前的“Sustainable packaging has become a buzzword in recent years. From paper- based materials to biodegradable alternatives, the shift away from traditional plastics appears to be a step in the right direction. (可持续包装近年来已成为一个热门词汇。从纸质材料到可生物降解的替代品，摒弃传统塑料的转变似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步)”以及后文对纸质包装环保弊端的阐述可知，此空需要起到转折作用，引出看似环保的纸质包装背后存在的复杂问题。B选项“However, beneath the surface lies a more complex reality. (然而，表象之下隐藏着一个更为复杂的现实)”中的however表转折，承接前文“正确方向”的观点，又引出后文的详细论述，符合语境。故选B项。 2. 根据空前的“One of the most popular alternatives to plastics is paper-based packaging. The logic appears sound. (纸质包装是最受欢迎的塑料替代品之一。其合理性看似毋庸置疑)”以及空后的“However, the environmental cost of paper production is often overlooked. (然而，纸张生产的环境成本往往被忽视)”可知，此空需要说明纸质包装看似合理的原因，即其自身存在环境成本。G选项“Paper is biodegradable, recyclable, and can be obtained from renewable resources. (纸张可生物降解、可回收，且可从可再生资源中获取)”阐述了纸质包装的优点，契合前文“logic appears sound”的表述，同时为后文的转折做铺垫，符合语境。故选G项。 3. 根据空后的“While many brands claim to use responsibly sourced or recycled paper, the global demand for paper packaging still places immense pressure on forests. This pressure will cause too much tree cutting and habitat loss, harming wildlife. (尽管许多品牌声称使用负责任采购或回收的纸张，但全球对纸质包装的需求仍给森林带来巨大压力。这种压力会导致大量树木被砍伐、栖息地丧失，进而危害野生生物)”可知，此空应是本段的主题句，点明纸质包装带来的森林相关问题。E选项“The destruction of forests linked to the paper industry is another concern. (与造纸业相关的森林破坏是另一个值得关注的问题)”概括了本段的核心内容，引出后文的详细说明，符合语境。故选E项。 4. 根据空前的“Moreover, paper-based packaging is usually heavier than plastic packaging. (此外，纸质包装通常比塑料包装更重)”以及空后的“For instance, trucks carrying paper packages use more fuel, increasing emissions. (例如，运输纸质包装的卡车会消耗更多燃料，增加排放量)”可知，此空需要说明纸质包装更重所带来的具体负面影响。A选项“This can make transportation less efficient. (这会降低运输的效率)”中的this指代前文“纸质包装更重”这一特点，且后文的例子正是对运输效率降低的具体阐释，符合语境。故选A项。 5. 根据空前的“Therefore, the full life cycle of paper packaging shows its eco-benefits aren’t as clear as they seem. (因此，从全生命周期来看，纸质包装的生态效益并不像表面看起来的那样明确)”以及空后的“This means focusing on reducing waste first, making better waste management systems, and using sustainable materials in the best way. (这意味着要首先注重减少浪费，完善废物管理系统，并以最佳方式使用可持续材料)”可知，此空需要提出实现可持续包装的正确方法。F选项“To achieve sustainable packaging completely, we need a well-rounded approach. (要完全实现可持续包装，我们需要一种全面的方法)”中的a well-rounded approach对应后文的具体措施，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。 【抢分练2】(2024全国高考甲卷) What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了，在饮食上注意节制及其如何节制的方法。选自 biofemgroup.com 站 网站 2019年10月10日名为MODERATION: IMPORTANT TO ANY HEALTHY DIET的文章。https://biofemgroup.com/moderation-important-to-any-healthy-diet 【解析】 36. F 上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在吃的少。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 37. C 根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一顿饭。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 38. E 上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 39. B 根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 40. A 设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“全天合理饮食。”符合语境。故选A项 【类型二：阅读理解七选五之议论文】 【抢分练3】（2026·高三上学期浙江强基联盟一模） Nostalgia — the warm feeling of longing for the past— is everywhere in today’s culture. Movies like Barbie, Indiana Jones, and Top Gun are drawing huge crowds by bringing back old favorites. 1 On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good. 2 According to Professor Ziyan Yang from the Institute of Psychology, CAS, nostalgia creates feelings of warmth, belonging, and even a mental escape to the past. During tough times — whether personal struggles or global crises — nostalgia acts like an emotional safety net. Movies and music are powerful triggers because they recreate familiar emotions and experiences. 3 First, it gives us a sense of control. Even when life feels unpredictable, reflecting on our past helps us feel more grounded and secure. Second, nostalgia strengthens social bonds. Though it seems like a personal experience, nostalgic memories often remind us of family, friends, and shared moments. What does nostalgia do to our brains? Mostly good things! Studies show it boosts happiness, creativity, and energy by activating positive emotions. 4 This youthful optimism encourages us to take risks and chase our goals. Some researchers suggest nostalgia acts like a “psychological immune system”, helping us cope with stress. But can too much nostalgia be harmful? In small amounts, it’s healthy. However, if we think about the past too much, it can keep us from moving forward. The key is balance — enjoying memories without losing sight of the present. 5 It helps us reconnect with our true selves and remember who we really are. In short, nostalgia isn’t just about reliving the past — it’s a tool that helps us navigate the present and future with hope. A. But why do we love nostalgia so much? B. This is why reunions feel so meaningful to us. C. Nostalgia also serves key psychological needs. D. However, psychology experts say there’s more to it. E. It can even make us feel younger and more optimistic. F. Remembering happy memories brings comfort and joy. G. Still, in general, nostalgia is a natural and positive part of life. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. E 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述怀旧的普遍现象、心理作用、对大脑的积极影响及平衡之道，指出其有助于应对当下与未来。 1. 由上文“Nostalgia — the warm feeling of longing for the past— is everywhere in today’s culture. Movies like Barbie, Indiana Jones, and Top Gun are drawing huge crowds by bringing back old favorites.(怀旧之情——对过去的温暖渴望——在当今的文化中无处不在。像《芭比》、《夺宝奇兵》和《壮志凌云》这样的电影通过重现经典而吸引了大量观众。)”及下文“On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good.(从表面上看，怀旧只是让我们感觉良好。)”对怀旧情感的详细解释可知，本空应询问为什么人们喜欢怀旧。A选项“But why do we love nostalgia so much? (但我们为什么这么喜欢怀旧呢？)”以问句形式开启原因探讨，能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 2. 由上文“On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good.(从表面上看，怀旧只是让我们感觉良好。)”及下文“According to Professor Ziyan Yang from the Institute of Psychology, CAS, nostalgia creates feelings of warmth, belonging, and even a mental escape to the past. During tough times — whether personal struggles or global crises — nostalgia acts like an emotional safety net. Movies and music are powerful triggers because they recreate familiar emotions and experiences.(据中国科学院心理研究所杨紫嫣教授介绍，怀旧之情会让人产生温暖、归属感，甚至是一种精神上对过去的逃避。在艰难时期——无论是个人困境还是全球性危机——怀旧都如同一道情感安全网。电影和音乐是强大的怀旧触发因素，因为它们能重现熟悉的情感和经历。)”可知，本空需体现“表面现象”与“深层作用”的转折。D选项“However, psychology experts say there’s more to it.(然而，心理学专家表示，事情远不止于此。)”既转折上文“简单的表面感受”，又引出下文专家对怀旧深层意义的解读，符合逻辑。故选D。 3. 由下文“First, it gives us a sense of control. Even when life feels unpredictable, reflecting on our past helps us feel more grounded and secure. Second, nostalgia strengthens social bonds.(首先，它给我们一种控制感。即使生活感觉不可预测，回顾过去也能让我们感到更加踏实和安全。其次，怀旧加强了社会联系。)”可知，本段说明怀旧带心理上的满足。C选项“Nostalgia also serves key psychological needs.(怀旧也满足关键的心理需求。)”直接概括了下文的内容，起到了引领下文的作用。故选C。 4. 由上文“What does nostalgia do to our brains? Mostly good things! Studies show it boosts happiness, creativity, and energy by activating positive emotions.(怀旧对我们的大脑有什么影响？大部分都是好东西！研究表明，它通过激活积极情绪来提高幸福感、创造力和能量。)”及下文“This youthful optimism encourages us to take risks and chase our goals.(这种年轻的乐观心态鼓励我们冒险、追求目标。)”可知，本空应继续解释怀旧对大脑的影响，强调怀旧能让人们感觉年轻乐观。E选项“It can even make us feel younger and more optimistic.(它甚至能让我们感觉更年轻、更乐观。)”能承上启下，且句中“younger and more optimistic”与下文“This youthful optimism”相照应。故选E。 5. 由上文“But can too much nostalgia be harmful? In small amounts, it’s healthy. However, if we think about the past too much, it can keep us from moving forward. The key is balance — enjoying memories without losing sight of the present.(但太多的怀旧会有害吗？少量摄入是健康的。然而，如果我们过多地思考过去，它可能会阻碍我们前进。关键在于平衡——在不忽视当下的情况下享受回忆。)”及下文“It helps us reconnect with our true selves and remember who we really are.(它帮助我们重新连接真实的自我，记住自己的本质。)”可知，本空需回归“怀旧的整体积极属性”，引出下文对其正面作用的补充。G选项“Still, in general, nostalgia is a natural and positive part of life.(不过，总的来说，怀旧是生活中自然且积极的一部分。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 【抢分练4】(2025高考北京卷) What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 5 A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】1. G 2. E 3. D 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 1. G 由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 2. E 由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3. D 由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 4. C 由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 5. A 由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $